• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2009

Hyoscyamus species is sources of the hypnotic and sedative drugs hyoscyamine and scopolamine. Single cells of Hyoscyamus niger were dissociated from suspension cultures and adventitious roots obtained from single-cell clones which were cultured on B5 medium containing 3% (w/v) sucrose, 0.1 mg/L IBA and 0.4% (w/v) gelrite. H. niger adventitious root lines showed wide variation in tropane alkaloids production and growth. An effective selection of 200 root lines was made possible by the application of the 'Dragendorff's reagent' for qualitative detection of the alkaloids from root. A high correlation coefficient (r=0.9390) was observed between the values obtained with the two methods based on HPLC and Dragendorff's reagent analysis. Among the selected roots, the highest scopolamine content was 16.64 mg/g DW (Hn-59), which was 8.82-fold more productive than the lowest alkaloid producing line (Hn-25). Here, we established an efficient selection method on tropane alkaloids production and suggest that the Dragendorff's reagent is of great practical value in selection of invisible compounds.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to determine the effective land units of communal forests for evaluating forest functions using GIS. As the candidates of the effective land units, we chosen the administrative units of parcels and 3 different scales of watersheds; small, medium and large. However, the administrative units of parcels were discarded because of the extreme complexity of ownerships and the highly petty scales of parcels. Instead, the 3 different levels of watershed units were applied to evaluating forest functions and the effectiveness of the resultant functional maps were compared each other in terms of the appropriateness or adequacy for field applications. According to the results of this study, it was found that the aggregated area by watersheds provides the appropriate scales of land area for forest functions and the small watershed is the most adequate one as the effective land units for forest functions in communal forests.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.1
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• pp.122-128
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• 2014

This study aims to determine the difference in profitability of Allium victorialis farming system between on-field and under-forest, and to propose several better ways for development of under-forest farming system of Allium victorialis. Survey was conducted 12 farmer in Gangwon, Chungnam, Jeonnam, Gyeongbuk to investigate production cost, management cost, input labors and so on. In this study, IRR, B/C ratio and NPV were used for profitability analysis. The result applied 25,000 won for under-forest farming system and 15,000 won for on-field farming system as unit price of sale showed IRR 36.2% and 54.2% respectively. The profitability of Allium victorialis from under-forest farm was not lower than other non timber forest products. And it will be possible to create high profitability such like that of Allium victorialis from on-field farm, providing the technical development for intensive farming is supported.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.305-309
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• 2006

This paper presents and illustrates the application of a growth and yield model that supports both forest and mill side volume and value estimates. Traditional forest stand growth and yield models represent the forest landowner view of yield and economics. Predicted yields are estimates of what one would expect from a procurement cruise, and current stumpage prices are applied to investigate optimum management strategies. Optimum management regimes and rotation ages obtained from the forest side view are unlikely to be economically optimal when viewed from the mill side. The actual distribution of recoverable manufactured product and its value are highly dependent on mill technologies and configurations. Overcoming this limitation of growth and yield computer models necessitates the ability to predict and price the expected manufactured distribution of lumber, lineal meters of veneer, and tonnes of air dried pulp fiber yield. With these embedded models, users of the yield simulator can evaluate the economics of possible/feasible management regimes from both the forest and mill business sides. The simulator is a forest side model that has been modified to produce estimates of manufactured product yields by embedding models for 1) pulpwood chip size class distribution and pulp yield for any kappa number (Schultz and Matney, 2002), 2) a lumber yield and pricing model based on the Best Opening Face model developed by the USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory (Lewis, 1985a and Lewis, 1985b), and 3) a lineal meter veneer model derived from peeler block tests. While the model is strictly applicable to planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) on cutover site-prepared land in the United States (US) Gulf South, the model and computer program are adaptable to any region and forest type.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.143-149
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• 2011

The possibility of employing biomass of Salix viminalis cv. Q683 as a resource of bio-energy was evaluated. The chemical analysis of S. viminalis cv. Q683 leaf biomass showed components such as, extractives (2.57%), lignin (39.06%), hemicellulose (21.61%), and cellulose (37.83%), whereas, its stem was composed of extractives (1.67%), lignin (23.54%), hemicellulose (33.64%), and cellulose (42.03%). The biomass of S. viminalis cv. Q683 was saccharified using two enzymes celluclast and viscozyme. The saccharification of S. viminalis cv. Q683 biomass was influenced by enzymes and their strengths. The optimal enzyme combination was found to be celluclast (59 FPU/g substrate) and viscozyme (24 FBG/g substrate). On saccharification the glucose from leaf and stem biomass was 7.5g/L and 11.7g/L, respectively after 72 hr of enzyme treatment. The biomass and enzyme-treated biomass served as the feedstock for ethanol production by fermentation. The ethanol production from stem and leaf biomass was 5.8 g/L and 2.2 g/L respectively, while the fermentation of the enzymatic hydrolysates yielded 5 g/L to 8 g/L bioethanol in 72 hours.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.174-183
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• 2022

The study aims to examine population indices of mature trees in Jebel Elgarrie forest, Blue Nile State, Sudan. We used remote sensing techniques to stratify the forest into vegetation classes depending on tree density. We distributed 97 circular sample plots (0.1 ha) proportionally to the area of the vegetation classes. In each sample plot we identified, counted and recorded all mature trees (DBH ≥10 cm). We calculated frequency, density, abundance, richness, evenness and diversity for each species and we drew abundance rank curve of mature trees. We used One-Way ANOVA to test for differences (α=0.05) in mean density (No./ha) of mature trees between vegetation classes. Results revealed that the forest was conveniently sub-divided into high density (C1), medium density (C2), low density (C3) and bare farm land (C4) classes. We identified fifteen tree species that belong to 10 families and 14 genera. Combretaceae and Fabaceae were the common families while Anogeissus leiocarpa was the most frequently occurring species. While species diversity varied between vegetation classes, diversity of the forest as a whole is low. While mean density of mature trees in C1, C2, C3 and C4 it was 100, 74, 10, and 0, respectively, it was 54 for the whole forest indicating low stocking, Following One-Way ANOVA, multiple comparisons revealed significant differences in mean density of mature trees between C1 & C3 and C2 & C3. The study provided empirical results on population indices of mature tree species, which would be of importance for successful management and conservation of the forest.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.251-256
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• 2008

Changes in antioxidant activity of Rubus coreanus fruit of 3 clones (S13, S114, and S16), which were selected from different sites, were studied at different ripening stages. Antioxidant activities (tree radical scavenging activity and reducing power) were determined and their relationships to total phenolic contents and ascorbic acid were analyzed. The highest tree radical scavenging activities of 3 clones (S13, S14, and S16) were 79.39, 75.80, and 81.16% at $125\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In general, the antioxidant activity and the related parameters, including total phenolic content and vitamin C content decreased during fruit ripening. Total phenolic contents of the R. coreanus fruits (S13, S14, and S16) were correlated with tree radical scavenging activity ($R^2=0.8114$, 0.9186, and 0.9714). These results improve knowledge of the effect of ripening on the antioxidant activity and related compounds contents that could help to establish the optimum R. coreanus fruit harvest data for various usages.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2007

The influences of coating on oak veneer overlaid Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) were evaluated. The hardness of 9mm-MDF by hardness test were increased about 28% with coating on MDF and the more increased hardness of 31% with oak veneer overlaid MDF. The hardness of veneer overlaid MDF increased with increment of the veneer thickness and that of overlaid MDF showed the higher hardness compared to non-overlaid MDF. The optimum moisture content in terms of the hardness of panels MDF was in the range of 7% to 10% and the hardness was decreased with increasing of the moisture content. Any cracks were not overlaid coated on the MDF but the cracks were observed on the overlaid MDF after Soak under Vacuum Dry 10-cycle. The thicker veneer-overlaid MDF showed more cracks.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.212-215
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• 2005

Ethanol crude extracts of wood, bark, leaf, and fruit of Callistenwn citrinus were compared for their antioxidant activities based on DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging activity and reducing power. Bark extract showed the most potent radical-scavenging activity and reducing power, showing 94.1 and 0.64% at 25 and $100\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Total phenolic content of the bark extracts (275.0 mg GAE/g) was higher than those of others. Further fractionation of the bark extract using hexane, $CH_2Cl_2$, and EtOAc showed EtOAc fraction had the highest antioxidant activity ($IC_{50}\;6.7\;{\mu}g/mL$) and reducing power (0.82 at $100\;{\mu}g/mL$), with total phenolic content of 611.1 mg GAE/g. Total phenolic contents correlated with antioxidant activity ($R^2\;=\;0.7061$) and reducing power ($R^2\;=\;0.7399$).

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.270-273
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• 2008

Trichoderma spp. cause large crop losses of the cultivated shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes. We bred several shiitake strains that are resistant to Trichoderma spp. using di-mon mating to establish a useful method for controlling the greenmold disease. We examined the competitive ability of L. edodes against Trichoderma spp. using a dual culture system to select resistant strains. By screening Trichoderma-resistant strains, we found that among 11 parental strains, 4 strains, including KFRI 36, were confirmed resistant strains. They showed especially strong resistance to T. harzianum, which formed deadlock after mycelial contact and then invaded into the territory of T. harzianum. KFRI 171 also showed resistance to T. atroviride strains. Among 13 strains, which were made by hybridization of shiitake strains, 5 were confirmed to be resistant to Trichoderma, including KFRI 58-1. Their resistance was not correlated to the resistant activity of their parents’ strains. Two strains lose resistance and two strains acquire resistance compared to their parents’ strains. In SEM observation, the mycelium of L. edodes at the interaction zone of Lentinula-Trichoderma was rugged and swollen by T. harzianum.