• Title/Summary/Keyword: Research & development

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Improving the Accuracy of Document Classification by Learning Heterogeneity (이질성 학습을 통한 문서 분류의 정확성 향상 기법)

  • Wong, William Xiu Shun;Hyun, Yoonjin;Kim, Namgyu
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.21-44
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    • 2018
  • In recent years, the rapid development of internet technology and the popularization of smart devices have resulted in massive amounts of text data. Those text data were produced and distributed through various media platforms such as World Wide Web, Internet news feeds, microblog, and social media. However, this enormous amount of easily obtained information is lack of organization. Therefore, this problem has raised the interest of many researchers in order to manage this huge amount of information. Further, this problem also required professionals that are capable of classifying relevant information and hence text classification is introduced. Text classification is a challenging task in modern data analysis, which it needs to assign a text document into one or more predefined categories or classes. In text classification field, there are different kinds of techniques available such as K-Nearest Neighbor, Naïve Bayes Algorithm, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, and Artificial Neural Network. However, while dealing with huge amount of text data, model performance and accuracy becomes a challenge. According to the type of words used in the corpus and type of features created for classification, the performance of a text classification model can be varied. Most of the attempts are been made based on proposing a new algorithm or modifying an existing algorithm. This kind of research can be said already reached their certain limitations for further improvements. In this study, aside from proposing a new algorithm or modifying the algorithm, we focus on searching a way to modify the use of data. It is widely known that classifier performance is influenced by the quality of training data upon which this classifier is built. The real world datasets in most of the time contain noise, or in other words noisy data, these can actually affect the decision made by the classifiers built from these data. In this study, we consider that the data from different domains, which is heterogeneous data might have the characteristics of noise which can be utilized in the classification process. In order to build the classifier, machine learning algorithm is performed based on the assumption that the characteristics of training data and target data are the same or very similar to each other. However, in the case of unstructured data such as text, the features are determined according to the vocabularies included in the document. If the viewpoints of the learning data and target data are different, the features may be appearing different between these two data. In this study, we attempt to improve the classification accuracy by strengthening the robustness of the document classifier through artificially injecting the noise into the process of constructing the document classifier. With data coming from various kind of sources, these data are likely formatted differently. These cause difficulties for traditional machine learning algorithms because they are not developed to recognize different type of data representation at one time and to put them together in same generalization. Therefore, in order to utilize heterogeneous data in the learning process of document classifier, we apply semi-supervised learning in our study. However, unlabeled data might have the possibility to degrade the performance of the document classifier. Therefore, we further proposed a method called Rule Selection-Based Ensemble Semi-Supervised Learning Algorithm (RSESLA) to select only the documents that contributing to the accuracy improvement of the classifier. RSESLA creates multiple views by manipulating the features using different types of classification models and different types of heterogeneous data. The most confident classification rules will be selected and applied for the final decision making. In this paper, three different types of real-world data sources were used, which are news, twitter and blogs.

Development of a Detection Model for the Companies Designated as Administrative Issue in KOSDAQ Market (KOSDAQ 시장의 관리종목 지정 탐지 모형 개발)

  • Shin, Dong-In;Kwahk, Kee-Young
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.157-176
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this research is to develop a detection model for companies designated as administrative issue in KOSDAQ market using financial data. Administration issue designates the companies with high potential for delisting, which gives them time to overcome the reasons for the delisting under certain restrictions of the Korean stock market. It acts as an alarm to inform investors and market participants of which companies are likely to be delisted and warns them to make safe investments. Despite this importance, there are relatively few studies on administration issues prediction model in comparison with the lots of studies on bankruptcy prediction model. Therefore, this study develops and verifies the detection model of the companies designated as administrative issue using financial data of KOSDAQ companies. In this study, logistic regression and decision tree are proposed as the data mining models for detecting administrative issues. According to the results of the analysis, the logistic regression model predicted the companies designated as administrative issue using three variables - ROE(Earnings before tax), Cash flows/Shareholder's equity, and Asset turnover ratio, and its overall accuracy was 86% for the validation dataset. The decision tree (Classification and Regression Trees, CART) model applied the classification rules using Cash flows/Total assets and ROA(Net income), and the overall accuracy reached 87%. Implications of the financial indictors selected in our logistic regression and decision tree models are as follows. First, ROE(Earnings before tax) in the logistic detection model shows the profit and loss of the business segment that will continue without including the revenue and expenses of the discontinued business. Therefore, the weakening of the variable means that the competitiveness of the core business is weakened. If a large part of the profits is generated from one-off profit, it is very likely that the deterioration of business management is further intensified. As the ROE of a KOSDAQ company decreases significantly, it is highly likely that the company can be delisted. Second, cash flows to shareholder's equity represents that the firm's ability to generate cash flow under the condition that the financial condition of the subsidiary company is excluded. In other words, the weakening of the management capacity of the parent company, excluding the subsidiary's competence, can be a main reason for the increase of the possibility of administrative issue designation. Third, low asset turnover ratio means that current assets and non-current assets are ineffectively used by corporation, or that asset investment by corporation is excessive. If the asset turnover ratio of a KOSDAQ-listed company decreases, it is necessary to examine in detail corporate activities from various perspectives such as weakening sales or increasing or decreasing inventories of company. Cash flow / total assets, a variable selected by the decision tree detection model, is a key indicator of the company's cash condition and its ability to generate cash from operating activities. Cash flow indicates whether a firm can perform its main activities(maintaining its operating ability, repaying debts, paying dividends and making new investments) without relying on external financial resources. Therefore, if the index of the variable is negative(-), it indicates the possibility that a company has serious problems in business activities. If the cash flow from operating activities of a specific company is smaller than the net profit, it means that the net profit has not been cashed, indicating that there is a serious problem in managing the trade receivables and inventory assets of the company. Therefore, it can be understood that as the cash flows / total assets decrease, the probability of administrative issue designation and the probability of delisting are increased. In summary, the logistic regression-based detection model in this study was found to be affected by the company's financial activities including ROE(Earnings before tax). However, decision tree-based detection model predicts the designation based on the cash flows of the company.

The Analysis of the Successful Factors from User Side of MMORPG (사용자 측면에서의 MMORPG <월드 오브 워크래프트> 성공요인 분석)

  • Baek, Jaeyong;Kim, Kenneth Chi Ho
    • Cartoon and Animation Studies
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    • s.42
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    • pp.151-175
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    • 2016
  • The game industry has evolved from mobile games to PC online games after the smart-phone industry was opened up. In this environment, the game industry has rather been negatively developing its commercials means than the sufficient fundamental entertainment to the users. Especially, many games were released with better graphic qualities yet poor originality, continuing to be popular without enhancing the market itself. Moreover, the user's recognition level has improved. The users share their online gaming experience easily with the development of network environment. They receive the feedbacks on the quality of the game through the online channels and media by sharing them together. The high margin of the game industry will lead to the negative feedbacks of the users, effecting them to critique the content although the market looks good for now. The game industry's evolution has to be reviewed in the perspective of users, to look back at the successful cases of the past before the mobile era by analyzing and indicating the quality of the games and content's direction. This research is focused on the success factors of from the user's point of view, which has been widely claimed as a popular game franchise publicly before the mobile games had risen. WOW has been the most successful MMORPG game with its user record of 1.2 million till now. For these reasons, this study analyzes 's success factors from the user's point of view by configuring five expert groups, sequentially applying expert group survey, interview, Jobs-to-be-done and Fishbein Model as UX methodologies based on the business model to see through its long term rein in the industry. Consequently, The success factors from the user side of MMORPG provides an opportunity for the users to interact deeply with the game by (1) using well designed 'world view' over 10 years, (2) providing 'national policy' that is based on the locations of the users' culture and language, (3) providing 'expansions' with changes in time to give the digging elements to the users.

Studies on the Direct Sowing Culture of Rice in Reclaimed Paddy Field (간척답 벼 직파재배에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Seok-Su;Shim, Jae-Sung
    • The Journal of Natural Sciences
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.49-62
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    • 1992
  • This study was carried out to investigate the emergence, growth and yield components in rice inassoccation with Several cultivation methods direct sowing flooded paddy field(DSF), direct sowing by airplane(DSA), direct sowing in dry paddy field(DSD), 8days seedling planting(8DS), and 35days seedlingplanting(35DS). Also this study was attempeted to know the effects of calcium peroxide on germinationand early growth of rice under different soil conditions, seeding depth, application of organic matter,indirect sowing flooded paddy field.1. Rate of emergence was 73% in DSF, 70% in DSA, 62% in DSD, respectively, under the different cultivation method of rice in reclaimed paddy field.2. Degree of lodging in relation to cultivation was 5 at both DSF and DSA, 3 at DSD, 2 at both 8DS and 35DS respectively.3. Maximum tiller number was 568 per m2 at DSF and 527 at DSA. Heating was delayed for 4 days at DSF, 8 days at DSD and 2 days at 8DS as comparison with that at 35DS.4. Yield was higher 1% to 3% at DSF than that at DSA and DSD while decreased by 12% as compared with that of seedling planting.5. Total dry weight of seedling was decreased by 57% at 8DS, 60% at DSF 63% at DSD, respectively, under 0.3% of salinity. Ratio of decreasing in dry weight was higher with high salinity.6. The amount of O2 released was recorded highest to 2 to 3days after irrigatition, thereafter remaining constant to 10 days after irrigatition.7. The optimum coating amount of calcium peroxide for germination was a half of rice seed weight with 1 cm sowing depth and one-fold with 2-cm sowing depth when rice straw was not applied. With rice straw applied, on the other hand, the amount of peroxide was one-fold with 1-cm sowing depth. It was found that, under the condition of applied 600kg/10a, of 2-cm soil depth with rice straw calcium peroxide coating had no effect on emergence of rice seedling.8. In reclaimed paddy field, lodging degree was 7 with direct sowing by machine and 9 with direct sowing by hand.9. Yield was increased by 5% by applying rice straw with direct sowing by machine.

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Optimization of Processing Process for Functional Anchovy Fish Sauce in Addition with Raw Sea Tangle (다시마를 첨가한 기능성 멸치액젓 제조조건 확립)

  • Jeong, Min-Hong;Jeong, Woo-Young;Gyu, Hyeon-Jin;Jeong, Sang-Won;Park, Hun-Kyu;Cho, Young-Je;Shim, Kil-Bo
    • Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.1408-1418
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    • 2013
  • To investigate the quality properties of functional anchovy fish sauce added with raw sea tangle, 2%, 5%, and 10% (w/w) of sea tangle was added to 25% (w/w) salted anchovy and then fermented at $20^{\circ}C$. During fermentation period, the amino nitrogen contents were increased at all groups and the highest contents were at 450 days of fermentation with $11.99{\pm}0.08$, $12.51{\pm}0.08$, and $11.95{\pm}0.08mg/mL$ at 2%, 5%, and 10% addition of raw sea tangle, respectively. After later, the contents were keeping at a similar level. VBN contents were continuously increased until 270 days of fermentation with $208.10{\pm}3.50$, $210.00{\pm}4.10$, $215.15{\pm}1.50mg/100ml$ at 2%, 5%, 10% addition of raw sea tangle, respectively. Alginic acid recovery was gradually increased in fermentation duration, showed the highest concentration at 540 days of fermentation with 67.00, 67.25, 67.90% at 2%, 5% and 10% addition of raw sea tangle, respectively. Dietary fiber recovery was rapidly increased at the beginning of fermentation and then decreased slowly as the fermentation is progressed. The highest recovery was at 30 days with 18.7, 18.6, and 17.9%, and the lowest was at 360 days with 8.7 and 11.1% at 2 and 10% addition of raw sea tangle, respectively, and 450 days with 11.4% at 5% sea tangle. The lowest fucoidan contents were exhibited at 30 days of fermentation with 0.07% at both of 2% and 5% addition, and 90 days with 0.10% at 10% addtion of sea tangle. The highest fucoidan contents were 270 days showing 0.24, 0.25, and 0.23% at 2, 5, and 10% addition, respectively. All groups adding different sea tangle concentration were not significantly different at all properties. However, the newly developed products were sufficient to the standard guideline of Korea Food Drug Adminstration. The best processing process of functional anchovy fish sauce in addition with raw sea tangle is 2% addition of raw sea tangle and fermented more than 450 days. The results obtained in this study indicated that the fish sauce added with sea tangle is superior in taste, functions to traditional fish sauce and could be competitive fishery fermented food.

Influence that Wage Satisfaction of the private Security Guards has on Devotion Organization (민간경비원의 임금만족이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Chan-Sun;Kim, Sang-Jin
    • Korean Security Journal
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    • no.12
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    • pp.89-116
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    • 2006
  • As the society changes, the Private Security has developed highly in a short time. However, it has brought about various problems. The best urgent problem of those problems is the wage problem. This study is examining into the difference with the wage satisfaction and devotion to organization, and analyzing influence that wage satisfaction has on devotion to organization. According to this research, the first, women appeared higher numerical value than men in satisfaction with a wage level, wage disparity, wage system and the welfare system and the highest age group is over 26 year-old. While the college graduates appeared high satisfaction with a wage level and wage disparity, the university graduates is high satisfaction with wage system and the welfare. This shows that as the scholarship is high, they think they must be getting wages higher and higher as their work result or produce. The second, in devotion to his(her) organization, the men is higher than the women. The third, the men show the high emotional devotion because the men devote to his work on his own initiative while the women show the high continuos service devotion because they are passively. The fourth, over the 26-year old group appeared high level in devotion to his(her) organization, the university graduate group appeared high level both the emotional devotion and the continuous service devotion. The long-term employed person showed the satisfaction with job position, pay grade, and career and also appeared high in devotion to his(her) organization. The fifth, as the scholarship is low, they were concerned about a wage level and wage disparity but, as the scholarship is high, they were concerned about the wage system and the welfare. The wage satisfaction has influence on the scholarship, job position and career therefore, the long-term employed persons showed high wage satisfaction and devotion to his(her) organization. In conclusion, for the development of Private Security and high devotion to organization, the wage level of private security guards must be systematize and the quality of the welfare must be improved. And the many factors about the wage and welfare must be studied and analyzed to occupy as one of the skill lists through the educational-industrial collaboration.

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Isolation and Mycelial Cultivation Submerged of Phellinus sp. (Phellinus sp.의 분리 및 균사체의 액체배양)

  • Kang, Tae-Su;Lee, Dong-Gi;Lee, Shin-Young
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.25 no.4 s.83
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    • pp.257-267
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    • 1997
  • Fruit bodies similar to the Phellinus sp. residing on the mulberry were collected at Yang-yang in Kang-won-do province and one strain of Phellinus sp. was isolated from the fruit bodies. For mass production of the isolated mycelia in a submerged culture, the culture conditions, medium composition, and the effect of various culture systems on the mycelial growth, were investigated. The morphological characteristics of the fruit body were as follows: covered with blackish to black and rough, lower surface with yellowish-brown to dull-brown and smooth, 5-7 cm thick and hard woody. Also, the pure cultured mycelia showed yellowish-brown color, capability of purplish-brown pigment production on the PDA plate media, no-formation of clamp-connection, much binding branch, and enzyme activities such as laccase, tyrosinase and peroxidase. Therefore, pure cultured strain was identified to be Phellinus sp. In the flask culture, the optimum culture conditions for the mycelial production were obtained after cultivation of 8 days at inoculum level of 5%(v/v), media volume of 70 mL, 150 rpm, initial pH 6, and temperature of $30^{\circ}C$. Optimum medium composition from the response surface analysis were determined to be glucose 12.12 g/L, sucrose 12.12 g/L, yeast extract 11.15 g/L, malt extract 11.15 g/L, $KH_2PO_4$ 0.855 g/L and $CaCl_2$ 0.855 g/L. The production of the mycelia after 4 and 8 days of cultivation was 1.95 and 9.89 g/L, respectively. The maximum specific growth rate and productivity were $0.020\;hr^{-1}$ and 1.25 g/L/day, respectively. Among the three different culture systems for the growth of mycelia, the maximum mycelial dry weight of 7.5 g/L was obtained after cultivation of 4 days in the air-lift fermentor under aeration rate of 2.5 vvm. The maximum specific growth rate and productivity were $0.033\;hr^{-1}$ and 1.9 g/L/day, respectively, which were about 1.7 and 4.2 times higher than those of flask culture.

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Comparison of Ingredients and Antioxidant Activity of the Domestic Regional Wolfiporia extensa (국내 지역별 매립 복령의 성분 및 항산화 활성 비교)

  • Choi, Su-Hee;Lee, Seung-Jin;Jo, Woo-Sik;Choi, Jong-Woon;Park, Seung-Chun
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.23-30
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    • 2016
  • This study was conducted for comparison of ingredients, phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity of Wofiporia extensa cultured in Gangwon-do, Gyeongsang-do, and Jeolla-do. Three contents of Wofiporia extensa were analyzed as oxygen (46~48%), carbon (38~39%), hydrogen (6.05~6.1%) and nitrogen (0.17~0.21%). The mineral contents of 50% ethanol Wofiporia extensa extracts were measured as sulfur (S) 145~149 ppm, Magnesium (Mg) 69~72 ppm, phosphorus (P) 122~154 ppm and calcium (Ca) 210.61~509.98 ppm. Wofiporia extensa from Gyeongsang-do (509.98 ppm) contained a significantly higher quantity of Ca than that from Gangwon-do (210.62 ppm) and Jeolla-do (223.88 ppm). In the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, oleic acid was identified in three 50% ethanol Wofiporia extensa extracts. In the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assay for antioxidant activity, the $IC_{50}$ values of Wofiporia extensa cultured in Gangwon-do, Gyeongsang-do and Jeolla-do were calculated as 2.966 mg/mL, 23.03 mg/mL, and 4.16 mg/mL and 3.521 mg/mL, 12.17 mg/mL, and 7.40 mg/mL. In the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, the $IC_{50}$ values of Wofiporia extensa cultured in Gangwon-do, Gyeongsang-do, Jeolla-do were 6.585 mg/mL, 19.06 mg/mL, and 18.97 mg/mL, respectively. In summary, Wofiporia extensa cultured in Gangwon-do had stronger antioxidant activity and higher concentration of oleic acid than that of Geyongsang-do and Jeolla-do. However, Wofiporia extensa cultured in Geyongsang-do contained a much higher concentration of Ca than that of Gangwon-do and Jeolla-do.

Development of Domestic Rainwater Treatment System and its Application in the Field (소규모 빗물처리시설 개발 및 현장 적용성 평가 연구)

  • Pak, Gijung;Park, Minseung;Kim, Hwansuk;Lim, Yoonsoo;Kim, Sungpyo
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.24-31
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    • 2016
  • The increase of impervious area in cities caused the unbalanced water cycle system and the accumulated various contaminants, which make troubles as introducing into watershed. In Korea, most of rainfall in a year precipitate in a summer season. This indicate that non-point source pollution control should be more important in summer and careful rainfall reuse strategy is necessary. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to monitor the characteristics of rainfall contaminants harvested in roofs and to develop the rainfall treatment system which are designed to fit well in a typical domestic household including rain garden. The rain garden consists of peatmoss, gravel and san to specially treat the initial rainfall contaminants. For this purpose, lab scale experiments with synthetic rainfall had been conducted to optimize the removal efficiency of TN, TP and CODcr. After lab scale experiments, field scale rainfall treatment system installed as a pilot scale in a field. This system has been monitored during June to July in 2015 in four time rainfall events as investigating the function of time, rainfall, and pollutant concentrations. As results, high loading of pollutants were introduced to the rainfall treatment system and its removal efficiency is increased as increase of pollutant concentrations. Since it is common that the mega-size of rainfall treatment system is not attractive in urban area, small scale rainfall treatment system is promising to treat the non-point source contaminants from cities. In addition, this small scale rainfall treatment system could have a potential to water resue system in islands, which usually suffer the shortage of water.

Inoculation Effect of Methylobacterium suomiense on Growth of Red Pepper under Different Levels of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers (화학비료와 유기질비료의 시용수준 및 Methylobacterium suomiense CBMB120의 처리가 고추 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Min-Kyoung;Lee, Gil-Seung;Yim, Woo-Jong;Hong, In-Soo;Palaniappan, Pitchai;Siddikee, Md. Ashaduzzaman;Boruah, Hari P. Deka;Madhaiyan, Munusamy;Ahn, Ki-Sup;Sa, Tongmin
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.266-273
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    • 2009
  • Use of plant growth promoting symbiotic and non-symbiotic free-living beneficial bacteria as external source of nitrogen is a major research concern for sustainable crop production in the $21^{st}$ century. In view of this, an experiment was conducted under controlled conditions to determine the effects of inoculation with Methylobacterium suomiense CBMB120, a plant growth promoting (PGP) root and shoot colonizer on red pepper, for the purpose of reducing external chemical nitrogen fertilization. Amendments with organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in the form of NPK were made at dosages of 50%, 75% and 100%, at 425 and $115kg/ha^{-1}$ measurements. The soil type used was loam, with a pH of 5.13. The growth responses were measured as plant height at 19, 36 and 166 days after transplantation and final biomass production after 166 days. It was found that inoculation with M. suomiense CBMB120 promotes plant height increase during the active growth phase at 19 and 36 days by 14.17% and 10.03%, respectively. Thereafter, the bacteria inoculated plantlets showed canopy size increment. A highly significant inoculation effect on plant height at p<0.01 level was found for 100% level of organic matter and chemical amendment in red pepper plantlets after 36 days and 19 days from transplantation. Furthermore, there was a significantly higher (10.30% and 6.84%) dry biomass accumulation in M. suomiense CBMB120 inoculated plants compared to un-inoculated ones. A 25% reduction in the application of chemical nitrogen can be inferred with inoculation of M. suomiense CBMB120 at with comparable results to that of 100% chemical fertilization alone. Enumeration of total bacteria in rhizosphere soil confirms that the introduced bacteria can multiply along ther hizosphere soil. Large scale field study may lead to the development of M. suomiense CBMB120 as an efficient biofertilizer.