• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.234-245
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• 2007

The empirical studies on the implementation of data warehousing systems (DWS) are lacking while there exist a number of studies on the implementation of IS. This study intends to examine the factors affecting the implementation success of DWS. The study adopts the empirical analysis of the sample of 112 responses from DWS practitioners. The study results suggest several implications for researchers and practitioners. First, when the support from top management becomes great, the implementation success of DWS in organizational aspects is more likely. When the support from top management exists, users are more likely to be encouraged to use DWS, and organizational resistance to use DWS is well coped with increasing the possibility of implementation success of DWS. The support of resource increases the implementation success of DWS in project aspects while it is not significantly related to the implementation success of DWS in organizational aspects. The support of funds, human resources, and other efforts enhances the possibility of successful implementation of project; the project does not exceed the time and resource budgets and meet the functional requirements. The effect of resource support, however, is not significantly related to the organizational success. The user involvement in systems implementation affects the implementation success of DWS in organizational and project aspects. The success of DWS implementation is significantly related to the users' commitment to the project and the proactive involvement in the implementation tasks. users' task. The observation of the behaviors of competitors which possibly increases data quality does not affect the implementation success of DWS. This indicates that the quality of data such as data consistency and accuracy is not ensured through the understanding of the behaviors of competitors, and this does not affect the data integration and the successful implementation of DWS projects. The prototyping for the DWS implementation positively affects the implementation success of DWS. This indicates that the extent of understanding requirements and the communication among project members increases the implementation success of DWS. Developing the prototypes for DWS ensures the acquirement of accurate or integrated data, the flexible processing of data, and the adaptation into new organizational conditions. The extent of consulting activities in DWS projects increases the implementation success of DWS in project aspects. The continuous support for consulting activities and technology transfer enhances the adherence to the project schedule preventing the exceeding use of project budget and ensuring the implementation of intended system functions; this ultimately leads to the successful implementation of DWS projects. The research hypothesis that the capability of project teams affects the implementation success of DWS is rejected. The technical ability of team members and human relationship skills themselves do not affect the successful implementation of DWS projects. The quality of the system which provided data to DWS affects the implementation success of DWS in technical aspects. The standardization of data definition and the commitment to the technical standard increase the possibility of overcoming the technical problems of DWS. Further, the development technology of DWS affects the implementation success of DWS. The hardware, software, implementation methodology, and implementation tools contribute to effective integration and classification of data in various forms. In addition, the implementation success of DWS in organizational and project aspects increases the data quality and system quality of DWS while the implementation success of DWS in technical aspects does not affect the data quality and system quality of DWS. The data and systems quality increases the effective processing of individual tasks, and reduces the decision making times and efforts enhancing the perceived benefits of DWS.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2002

A hot water extract was prepared from the artificially grown Gastrodia elata to investigate its chemical composition and various in vitro biological activities as an effort to develop G. elata as health/functional food materials. The contents of crude protein, ash, fat, fiber, moisture and total sugar were 5.4, 2.6, 3.6, 3.3, 8.1 and 77% (w/w), respectively. The extract of G. elata had greater amount of potassium (1,150 mg/100 g) than phosphorus (300 mg/100 g). Dose-dependence against human carcinoma (Hep3B, MCF-7, A549 and AGS) were observed from 0.2 mg/ml to 1.0 mg/ml. Especially, the treatment of 1.0 mg/ml extracts showed the highest cytotoxicity with 83% against gastric carcinoma (AGS). The extracts showed weak antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but practically no antimicrobial activity against the other microorganisms tested. The effect of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition was 64% at the concentration of 1.0 mg/ml. The inhibitory effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) of the extract in the range of $0.2{\sim}1.0mg/ml$ showed $63{\sim}89%$, and the highest ACE inhibition was 89% at the concentration of 1.0 mg/ml of extracts. The highest activity of glutathion S-transferase (GST) was 221 % at the concentration of 1.0 mg/ml of the G. elata extracts. These results suggest that G. elata may be used as health/functional food materials.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.207-228
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• 2007

Measuring Information Technology(IT) organizations' activities have been limited to mainly measure financial indicators for a long time. However, according to the multifarious functions of Information System, a number of researches have been done for the new trends on measurement methodologies that come with financial measurement as well as new measurement methods. Especially, the researches on IT Balanced Scorecard(BSC), concept from BSC measuring IT activities have been done as well in recent years. BSC provides more advantages than only integration of non-financial measures in a performance measurement system. The core of BSC rests on the cause-and-effect relationships between measures to allow prediction of value chain performance measures to allow prediction of value chain performance measures, communication, and realization of the corporate strategy and incentive controlled actions. More recently, BSC proponents have focused on the need to tie measures together into a causal chain of performance, and to test the validity of these hypothesized effects to guide the development of strategy. Kaplan and Norton[2001] argue that one of the primary benefits of the balanced scorecard is its use in gauging the success of strategy. Norreklit[2000] insist that the cause-and-effect chain is central to the balanced scorecard. The cause-and-effect chain is also central to the IT BSC. However, prior researches on relationship between information system and enterprise strategies as well as connection between various IT performance measurement indicators are not so much studied. Ittner et al.[2003] report that 77% of all surveyed companies with an implemented BSC place no or only little interest on soundly modeled cause-and-effect relationships despite of the importance of cause-and-effect chains as an integral part of BSC. This shortcoming can be explained with one theoretical and one practical reason[Blumenberg and Hinz, 2006]. From a theoretical point of view, causalities within the BSC method and their application are only vaguely described by Kaplan and Norton. From a practical consideration, modeling corporate causalities is a complex task due to tedious data acquisition and following reliability maintenance. However, cause-and effect relationships are an essential part of BSCs because they differentiate performance measurement systems like BSCs from simple key performance indicator(KPI) lists. KPI lists present an ad-hoc collection of measures to managers but do not allow for a comprehensive view on corporate performance. Instead, performance measurement system like BSCs tries to model the relationships of the underlying value chain in cause-and-effect relationships. Therefore, to overcome the deficiencies of causal modeling in IT BSC, sound and robust causal modeling approaches are required in theory as well as in practice for offering a solution. The propose of this study is to suggest critical success factors(CSFs) and KPIs for measuring performance for IT organizations and empirically validate the casual relationships between those CSFs. For this purpose, we define four perspectives of BSC for IT organizations according to Van Grembergen's study[2000] as follows. The Future Orientation perspective represents the human and technology resources needed by IT to deliver its services. The Operational Excellence perspective represents the IT processes employed to develop and deliver the applications. The User Orientation perspective represents the user evaluation of IT. The Business Contribution perspective captures the business value of the IT investments. Each of these perspectives has to be translated into corresponding metrics and measures that assess the current situations. This study suggests 12 CSFs for IT BSC based on the previous IT BSC's studies and COBIT 4.1. These CSFs consist of 51 KPIs. We defines the cause-and-effect relationships among BSC CSFs for IT Organizations as follows. The Future Orientation perspective will have positive effects on the Operational Excellence perspective. Then the Operational Excellence perspective will have positive effects on the User Orientation perspective. Finally, the User Orientation perspective will have positive effects on the Business Contribution perspective. This research tests the validity of these hypothesized casual effects and the sub-hypothesized causal relationships. For the purpose, we used the Partial Least Squares approach to Structural Equation Modeling(or PLS Path Modeling) for analyzing multiple IT BSC CSFs. The PLS path modeling has special abilities that make it more appropriate than other techniques, such as multiple regression and LISREL, when analyzing small sample sizes. Recently the use of PLS path modeling has been gaining interests and use among IS researchers in recent years because of its ability to model latent constructs under conditions of nonormality and with small to medium sample sizes(Chin et al., 2003). The empirical results of our study using PLS path modeling show that the casual effects in IT BSC significantly exist partially in our hypotheses.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1992

The purpose of this thesis is to provide the framework of the health education curriculum on a school level which should be accomplishe in futrue and farthermore to establish the health education as a independent and regular course. The relation among the status in quo and the satisfaction degree of health education, the degree of the knowledge about health, the degree of the understanding of the health education and the degree of requirement for the health education curriculum has been analyzed in this paper. The research has been carried out through the questionnaire forms distributed to the girl students and the instructors at a few general senior high school and vocational senior high schools in Seoul, and the consequences are as follows : 1. As to the degree of understanding of the health education, it has been indicated that the health education should be performed one or two hours a week from the elementary school for all the boy and girl students by the experts trained in the departments concerned with health. 2. Concerning the degree of requirement for health education curriculum, the high school girl students have shown the need for first aid, sex education, environmental health, drinking, smoking, drug abuse, maternal and child health, industrial health, safety health, mental health, growth & development, epidemiology, the old health in the order named. On the other hand, the instructors have shown the need for drinking, smoking, drug abuse, sex education, maternal and child health, public health and industrial health also in the order named. The items having low degree of requirement are biostatistics, community health and health administration in case of the gril students and biostatistics, health administration and health economics in case of the instructors. 3. The status in quo and the satisfaction degree of the health education has proved higher in senior high school curriculums than in junior high school curriculums, and the most instructive course about health has turned out to be gymnastics in junior high school and the training course in senior high school respectively. 4. As to the degree of understanding of the health education in case of the girl students, the significance has been found between the health condition and the time for performing the health education, the monthly income and the objects for the health education, and the school records and the school hours per week. The significance has been shown only in regard to the school records in case of the degree of requriement for the health education curriculum. 5. The degree of requirement for the health education in case of the instructors has shown the significance between the teching career and the need for the health education. In addition, the degree of requirement for the health education curriculum has indicated significance with regard to sex and age. 6. The degress of the understanding of the health education according to the degree of knowledge about health and the degree of requirement for the health educatio curriculum have been all turned out to be statistically significant. 8. Among the factors which have an influence on the degree of the understanding of the health education, the recognition of the relation between the health course and the training course has significatly influenced the selection of the health education instructors. In additon, the understanding of the need for the health eduation has significantly influenced the objects for the instructors and the school hours, and the understanding of the need for establishing the health education course has significatly influenced the time for performing the health education.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.465-472
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• 2001

The effects of water level reduction in rearing tank and fish transference during fish selection process on the stress response (hematological factors, cortisol, glucose, lactic acid and osmolality) of tank-reared olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus of large (FL), small (FS) and Japanese croaker, Nibea japonica (JC) were examined in running seawater culture system. The water level of rearing unit was lowered from 33 cm to 8 cm in the course of 2 minutes in the water level reduction experiment. The fish were removed from rearing tank (12 ton) to 450 L tank in 30 seconds after capture in the fish transference experiment, In water level reduction, the hematocrit of FL was significantly increased from $14.6\%$ at beginning to $23.5\%$ after 10 hours, However, it decreased to the value of beginning after 46 hours. Plasma cortisol concentration of FL was the highest concentration (13.7 ng/mL) after 22 hours, but it decreased to 4.0 ng/mL at the end of experiment. Cortisol concentration of FS did not show any significant difference during the experiment. The cortisol concentration of JC were significantly higher at 4 hours (282.3 ng/mL) and 22 hours (350.5 ng/mL), Glucose concentration of JC was the highest (138.0 mg/dL) at 22 hours. Lactic acid concentration was not different between experimental groups. In the fish transference experiment, red blood cell of FL was increased from $1.9\times10^6\;cell/{\mu}\;L\;to\;4.2\times10^6\;cell/{\mu}L$ in 24 hours. Blood hemoglobin of JC were significantly elevated in 24 hours. At 1 hour after transference, plasma cortisol concentrations in both fish species were increased to 95.3 ng/mL in FL and 175.5 ng/mL in JC. Glucose concentration of JC was increased to 132.5 mg/dL at 1 hour, 129.5 mg/dL at 3 hours after transference.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.614-619
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• 1997

This study was designed to investigate the biochemical pollutant markers for diagnosis of marine pollutions by changes in cholinesterase activity of the flounder (Pleuronichthys cornutus) in the Yellow Sea of Korea. Acetylchotinesterase (AChE) activities in brain and muscle of wild flounders in the Yellow Sea were significantly lower $(20\~30\%\;and\;10\~40\%,\;respectively)$ than those of wild flounder in Pohang (control) of the last Sea. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities in brain and muscle of wild flounders in the Yellow Sea were significantly lower $(10\~30\%\;and\;35\~45\%,\;respectively)$ than those of wild flounder in Pohang of the East Sea. lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in serum of wild flounders in the yellow Sea were significantly $(about\;30\%)$ lower than those of wild flounder in Pohang of the East Sea. These results suggest that AChE and BChE activities in brain and muscle of wild flounders of the Yellow Sea may be used as the most effective mean in a biochemical marker for diagnosis of pollutant effects by organophosphorus pesticides.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.608-613
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• 1997

This study was designed to investigate the biochemical pollutant marker for diagnosis of marine pollutions by changes in oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes of the flounder (Pleuronichthys cornutus) in the Yellow Sea of Korea Protein contents in brain and muscle of wild flounders in the Yellow Sea were remarkably lower $(15\~45\%,\;and\;35\~45\%,\;respectively)$ than those of wild flounder in Pohang (control) of the East Sea. Lipid peroxide (LPO) levels in serum of wild flounders in the Yellow Sea were Significantly higher $(30\~70\%)$ than those of wild flounder in Pohang. Hydroxyl radical formations in serum of wild flounders in the Yellow Sea were significantly high $(15\~90\%)$ than those of wild flounders in Pohang. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in serum of wild flounders in the yellow Sea were significantly lower $(20\~40\%)$ than those of wild flounders in Pohang, and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activities in brain of wild flounders in the Yellow Sea were also significanlty lower $(10\~60\%)$ than those of wild flounders in Pohang. These results suggest that significantly decreases of protein contents in brain and muscle, remarkable in creases of malondialdehyde (LPD) in serum and decreases of SOD and GSHPx activities in serum and brain of wild flounders of the Yellow Sea may be used as a biochemical pollutant markers for diagnosis of marine pollutions.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.550-555
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• 1997

Vibrio cholerae non-O1 (V. cholerae non-O1) was previously called nonagglutinable or noncholera vibrios, since it fails to react with polyvalent O1 antisera. This organism is biochemically and genetically indistinguishable from V. cholerae O1 except serological difference. V. cholerae non-O1 strains are often detected in the environment including bays, estuaries, and fresh water, and also found in food. Therefore it is designated food borne bacterium in Japan. However, research papers on V. cholerae non-O1 are very rare in Korea. In order to investigate bacteriological characteristics of V. cholerae non-O1, we isolated V. cholerae non-O1 from the environmental sea water. Among the isolated V. cholerae non-O1 strains, we selected the strain which had the most strong hemolytic activity, named as V. cholerae non-O1 FM-3. The optimum growth conditions of V. cholerae non-O1 FM-3 were $37^{\circ}C$ and pH 8.5 in BHI broth (containing $0.5\%$ sodium chloride), and it grew better than V. cholerae non-O1 ATCC 25872. But both were not able to grow in BHI broth added $5.0\%$ of sodium chloride or adjusted to pH 5.0. According to the experimental results on the susceptibility test against various antibiotics, there were no significant differences between the isolated strain and reference strain (V. cholerae non-O1 ATCC 25872). Most of the antibiotics examined had bacteriostatic action against V. cholerae non-O1 FM-3 while vancomycin, oxacillin, colistin, polymyxin B, and sulfadiazine had no bacteriostatic activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.7
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• pp.89-195
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• 1980

The advanced developing countries including Korea are assumed to have reached a developmental stage which necessitates them to formulate and implement a plan for a national information network. Most of the governments in the advanced developing countries are well aware of the necessity for such a plan and some of them have actually commenced their studies on the feasibility of a national network of their own hoping to achieve maximum utility of their limited information resources. Two urgent problems facing planners in the design of a national information network are identified. One is lack of an optimum organisational model to enable them to meet their own situations, and the other is lack of a guideline to help designers evaluate the alternative structures and models when they are available. In resolving these two problems, network planners in the advanced developing countries would benefit from the achievement of the objectives of the present study. The major objective is to elicit and describe common information needs, desires and value of the people using information, and other common factors which are responsible for the present information services in the advanced developing countries and which have implications for the basic structure of the national information network. The value of this study is to aid administrators in Korea and those in the other advanced developing countries who are responsible for making national policies and who are now beginning to recognise the need for information services with the planning of economic and social development so as to enable all the groups in the community to have access to the information which are essential for decision making, research work, studies and even for recreational reading. This recognition will hopefully give them a rational basis for formulating right policies on information services. The methodology utlised for collecting the required data in this study falls under the category of observation and largely consists of the two techniques: literature review and postal questionnaire. Background information on the individual advanced developing: countries was gathered from monographic and periodical literature. and country reports presented at the various international conferences were analysed for other relevant data. For most of the data needed for the present study, a questionnaire on 'Library and Information Services as They Are Available in the Selected Countries' was formulated. This questionnaire was designed to be completed without help, by an expert who was well informed of the library and information services in his or her country. The questionnaire was intended to look in details at what information services in the advanced developing countries were doing-whom they were serving, in what way, and how well and establish to what extent they were meeting the nation's information requirements. It was also intended to ascertain the respondents' ideas on possible future developments in information provision in their countries, that is, in the advanced devanced developing countries. The questionnaire was posted to a total of 63 natinal librarians, directors of national information centres and those of other major libraries or information centres in 21 selected countries. Complete usable responses were received from 34 persons in 14 countries. In order to identify common characteristics of the information needs and desires in the advanced developing countries and the present situation of the information services to meet them, and the requirements and constraints peculiar to those countries which bought to be considered in the design of a national information network for advanced developing countries, an individual report on the current status of information activities for each of the fourteen countries chosen for this study, was presented. The procedure used was to arrange the data acquired in the questionnaire responses and other sources, in the form of fifteen country reports to be summarised by cross-section characteristics later.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.157-184
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• 2010

Global climate change is destroying the water circulation balance by changing rates of precipitation, recharge and discharge, and evapotranspiration. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007) makes "changes in rainfall pattern due to climate system changes and consequent shortage of available water resource" a high priority as the weakest part among the effects of human environment caused by future climate changes. Groundwater, which occupies a considerable portion of the world's water resources, is related to climate change via surface water such as rivers, lakes, and marshes, and "direct" interactions, being indirectly affected through recharge. Therefore, in order to quantify the effects of climate change on groundwater resources, it is necessary to not only predict the main variables of climate change but to also accurately predict the underground rainfall recharge quantity. In this paper, the authors selected a relevant climate change scenario, In this context, the authors selected A1B from the Special Report on Emission Scenario (SRES) which is distributed at Korea Meteorological Administration. By using data on temperature, rainfall, soil, and land use, the groundwater recharge rate for the research area was estimated by period and embodied as geographic information system (GIS). In order to calculate the groundwater recharge quantity, Visual HELP3 was used as main model for groundwater recharge, and the physical properties of weather, temperature, and soil layers were used as main input data. General changes to water circulation due to climate change have already been predicted. In order to systematically solve problems associated with how the groundwater resource circulation system should be reflected in future policies pertaining to groundwater resources, it may be urgent to recalculate the groundwater recharge quantity and consequent quantity for using via prediction of climate change in Korea in the future and then reflection of the results. The space-time calculation of changes to the groundwater recharge quantity in the study area may serve as a foundation to present additional measures for the improved management of domestic groundwater resources.