• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.605-614
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• 2006

The success of a software development project can be determined by the use of QCD. And as a software's size and complexity increase, the importance of early quality assurance rises. Therefore, more effort should be given to prevention, as opposed to correction. In order to provide a framework for the prevention of defects, defect detection activities such as peer review and testing, along with analysis of previous defects, is required. This entails a systematization and use of quality data from previous development efforts. FMEA, which is utilized for system safety assurance, can be applied as a means of software defect prevention. SW-FMEA (Software Failure Mode Effect Analysis) attempts to prevent defects by predicting likely defects. Presently, it has been applied to requirement analysis and design. SW-FMEA utilizes measured data from development activities, and can be used for defect prevention on both the development and management sides, for example, in planning, analysis, design, peer reviews, testing, risk management, and so forth. This research discusses about related methodology and proposes defect prevention model based on SW-FMEA. Proposed model is extended SW-FMEA that focuses on system analysis and design. The model not only supports verification and validation effectively, but is useful for reducing defect detection.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.240-245
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• 2015

The monitoring of soil fertility changes in orchard is very important for agricultural sustainability. Field monitoring was performed to evaluate the soil chemical properties of 140 orchard (23 sites for sandy loam, 88 sites for loam, 28 sites for silt loam, and 1 site for loamy fine sand) in Gyeongnam province every 4 years from 2002 to 2014. Soil chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, amount of organic matter (OM), available phosphate ($P_2O_5$), lime requirement (LR), exchangeable potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sodium were analyzed. The amount of OM, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg were significantly increased as cultivation year increases. The frequency distribution within optimum range of subsoil chemical properties in 2014 was 34.3% for pH, 35.0% for OM, 17.1% for available $P_2O_5$, 22.9% for exchangeable K, 15.7% for exchangeable Ca, and 22.1% for exchangeable Mg. In addition, the available $P_2O_5$ and exchangeable calcium were excess level with portions of 69.3% and 48.6%, respectively. The soil chemical properties in the topsoil and subsoil showed that soil pH was significantly higher in sandy loam soil than those from the loam and silt loam soils. The OM, exchangeable K, Mg, and LR of loam soil were higher than those from the sandy loam soil. These results indicated that a balanced management of soil chemical properties as affected by soil texture can improve the amount of fertilizer applied for sustainable agriculture in orchard field.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.91-99
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• 2019

Naval Ships have a number of requirements related to performance. Naval ship acquisition takes a long time from initial planning to delivery, and various products such as drawings and reports are created. In complex systems, such as naval ships, it is difficult to maintain the required traceability through these outputs. The basic design of the ship is an important step to determine the specifications, performance, and equipment of the ship. It is necessary to apply the systematic requirements management process. The basic design manages the requirements in accordance with the systems engineering-based technical review process, but the actual system architecture design process is not presented. The traceability between the requirements and the functional and physical architectures of components is unclear. This paper examined how to design the system architecture required for specification and system design, and the design results were verified using SE-based technical review process for requirements management. A step-by-step process for designing a submarine system architecture is presented and verified using the SE technical review. This facilitates the specification of the requirements and system architecture design, and supports traceability management and verification of the requirements. The proposed process can be applied in various ships including submarines.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 2021

This study investigated the process quality level of a K5 gas mask, which recently acquired its operational capability, through statistical process analysis for the mass production stages and their lots. The tensile adhesion strength was the only operating requirement in the manufacturing process of the K5 gas mask. For this purpose, the results of tensile adhesion strength between the lens and facial rubber during the initial and second mass production stages were analyzed using conventional statistical and statistical process analysis methods. The conventional statistical results indicated that the second mass production stage was better than the initial mass production stage. In cases of a control chart and process capability of tensile adhesion strength, the process quality level was also improved by following the mass production stages. The improvement was caused by process stabilization and work skill elevation. These results and methods are expected to be conducted and utilized in the third mass production stage. Moreover, quality improvement of K5 gas mask mass production can be achieved using the Lean 6 sigma procedure, MDAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control).

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2021

The recent spread of novel and highly variant pathogenic viruses, including the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has increased the demand for diagnostic testing for rapid confirmation. This has resulted in investigating the functional capability of each space, and preparing facility guidelines to secure the safety of medical technologists. During viral evaluations, there is a requirement of negative pressure facilities along with thread separation, during pre-treatment of samples and before nucleic acid amplification. Space composition therefore needs to be planned by considering unidirectional air flow. This classification of safety management facilities is designated as biosafety level 2, and personal protective equipment is placed accordingly. In case of handling dangerous materials, they need to be carried out of the biosafety cabinet, and sterilizers are required for suitable disposal of infectious agents. A common feature of domestic laboratories is maintenance of the sample pre-treatment space at a negative pressure of -2.5 Pa or less, and arranging separate pre-treatment and reagent preparation spaces during the test process. We believe that the data generated in this study is meaningful, and offers an efficient direction and detailed flow for separation of the inspection process and space functions. Moreover, this study introduces construction of the laboratory by applying the safety management standards.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2017

A high degree of precision and accuracy in Gamma Knife Radiosurgery(GKRS) is a fundamental requirement for therapeutical success. Elaborate radiation delivery and dose gradients with the steep fall-off of radiation are clinically applied thus necessitating a dedicated Quality Assurance(QA) program in order to guarantee dosimetric and geometric accuracy and reduce all the risk factors that can occur in GKRS. In this study, as a part of QA we verified the accuracy of single-shot dose profiles used in the algorithm of Gamma Knife Perfexion(PFX) treatment planning system employing Variable Ellipsoid Modeling Technique(VEMT). We evaluated the dose distributions of single-shots in a spherical ABC phantom with diameter 160 mm on Gamma Knife PFX. The single-shots were directed to the center of ABC phantom. Collimating configurations of 4, 8, and 16 mm sizes along x, y, and z axes were studied. Gamma Knife PFX treatment planning system being used in GKRS is called Leksell GammaPlan(LGP) ver 10.1.1. From the verification like this, the accuracy of GKRS will be doubled. Then the clinical application must be finally performed based on precision and accuracy of GKRS. Specifically the width at the 50% isodose level, that is, Full-Width-of-Half-Maximum(FWHM) was verified under such conditions that a patient's head is simulated as a sphere with diameter 160mm. All the data about dose profiles along x, y, and z axes predicted through VEMT were excellently consistent with dose profiles from LGP within specifications(${\leq}1mm$ at 50% isodose level) except for a little difference of FWHM and PENUMBRA(isodose level: 20%~80%) along z axis for 4 mm and 8mm collimating configurations. The maximum discrepancy of FWHM was less than 2.3% at all collimating configurations. The maximum discrepancy of PENUMBRA was given for the 8 mm collimator along z axis. The difference of FWHM and PENUMBRA in the dose distributions obtained with VEMT and LGP is too small to give the clinical significance in GKRS. The results of this study are considered as a reference for medical physicists involved in GKRS in the whole world. Therefore we can work to confirm the validity of dose distributions for all collimating configurations determined through the regular preventative maintenance program using the independent verification method VEMT for the results of LGP and clinically assure the perfect treatment for patients of GKRS. Thus the use of VEMT is expected that it will be a part of QA that can verify and operate the system safely.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.56-85
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• 2010

UNESCO World Heritage Programme was introduced following the adoption of Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage by the General Conference of UNESCO in 1972 in order to protect cultural and natural heritage with superb value for all mankind. Despite its short history of less than 40 years, it has been evaluated as one of the most successful of the cultural area projects of UNESCO with 890 world heritage registered worldwide. For systematic protection management of World Heritage, UNESCO, through systemization of registration, emphasis on the importance of preservation management plan, institutionalization of monitoring, and operation of World Heritage Fund, has utilized World Heritage Programme not just as a means of listing excellent cultural properties, but as a preservation planning tool, and accordingly, such policies have had a significant influence on the cultural heritage protection legislations of numerous nations. Korea has ratified World Heritage Convention in 1988, and with the registration of the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty in 2009, it has 9 World Heritage Sites. Twenty years have passed since Korea joined the World Heritage Programme. While World Heritage registration contributed to publicity of the uniqueness and excellence of Korean cultural properties and improvement of Korea's national culture status, it is now time to devise various legislative/systematic improvement means to reconsider the World Heritage registration strategy and establish a systematic preservation management system. While up until now, the Cultural Properties Protection Law has been amended to arrange for basic rules regarding registration and protection of World Heritage Sites, and some local governments have founded bodies exclusive for World Heritage Site management, a more fundamental and macroscopic plan for World Heritage policy improvement must be sought. Projects and programs in each area for reinforcement of World Heritage policy capacity such as: 1) Enactment of a special law for World Heritage Site preservation management; 2) enactment of ordinances for protection of World Heritage Sites per each local government; 3) reinforcement of policies and management functionality of Cultural Heritage Administration and local governments; 4) dramatic increase in the finances of World Heritage Site protection; 5) requirement to establish plan for World Heritage Site preservation protection; 6) increased support for utilization of World Heritage Sites; 7) substantiation and diversification of World Heritage registration; 8) sharing of information and experiences of World Heritage Sites management among local governments; 9) installation of World Heritage Sites integral archive; 10) revitalization of citizen cooperation and resident participation; 11) training specialized resources for World Heritage Sites protection; 12) revitalization of sustainable World Heritage Sites tourism, must be selected and promoted systematically. Regarding how World Heritage Programme should be domestically accepted and developed, the methods for systemization, scientific approach, and specialization of World Heritage policies were suggested per type. In the future, in-depth and specialized researches and studies should follow.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.249-260
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• 2019

Recently, the proportion of single-person households is on the increase in Korea, expected to reach 34.6% in 2035. Among the single-person households, Young single family households are facing greater difficulties due to high house prices in Korea. The government is expanding its support to Young single family, executing various policies such as public lease housings, private lease housings for youth, youth dormitory, etc. The purpose of this study is to understand the exact housing requirement of Young single family households who have different lifestyles with other age groups and provide base line data for youth house planning which will be in use later on. Study methods are shown below. First, this research studied the status and characteristics of Young single family households by looking into literature. Second, by studying previous studies concerned with life style and housing preferences of youth, the tool for investigating preferences and needs of housing environment by Young single family households was composed. Third, survey on characterstics of space usage, preferences and needs on flat composition, and preferences of interior design were conducted based on lifestyle of Young single family-households. The survey was conducted as an online survey using SNS for 150 Young single family holds from the age of 20 and 39, including students and office workers from December 2018 to January 2019. The results are as following. (1) Looking into the space usage characteristics, considering that various activities other than basic functions take place in bedroom and living room of small-sized Young single family households, we need to consider this additionally when planning the housing. (2) Looking into the preferences and composite needs of flat composition, the subjects demand separate bed room and more living room space, and also demand expansion of living room space where various activities take place and additional storage such as dress room in bed room (3) The preferences toward interior design show preferences toward modern style and achromatic color, a representative color. The subjects also prefer floor finishing materials normally used for living spaces, and indirect, soft lighting that uses wall. Also, there are differences between interior design preferences between students (20's) and office workers(30's) due to their different lifestyles. Research is needed to propose practical residential environment requirements and plans through a case study of actual public rental housing and a wider range of users.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.847-885
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop a web-based internet program for nutritional assessment and diet Prescription by renal diseases. Renal diseases were classified by nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The system consisted of five parts according to their functions and contents. The first part is to assess the general health status such as body weight, obesity index, basal metabolic rate and total energy requirement by the input of age, sex, height, weight and degree of activity. The second part was designed to investigate dietary history of patient, that is, to find out his inappropriate dietary habit and give him some suggestions for appropriate dietary behavior by investigating his dietary history. This part also offers the diet and nutrition management by personal status with renal disease, and the information for food selection, snacks, convenience foods, dine-out, behavioral modification, cooking methods, food exchange lists and terms. The third part is evaluating their energy and nutrients intake by comparing with recommended dietary allowance for Koreans or standardized data for patient with renal disease. In this part, it is also analyzing energy and nutrients of food consumed by food group and meals, and evaluating the status of nutrient intake. The fort]1 one, a major part of the system, is implementing the diet and menu planning by using food exchange lists. This Part Provides the patient with menus lists and I day menu suitable to his weight, activity and the status of renal disease. The fifth part is providing information on energy and nutrients of foods and drinks, and top 20 foods classified by nutrients. These results are finally displayed as tabular forms and graphical forms on the computer screen.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.51-60
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• 2020

This study aimed to develop a modular smart clothing system for heart rate monitoring that reduces the inconvenience caused by battery charging and the large size of measurement devices. The heart rate monitoring system was modularized into a temporary device and a continuous device to enable heart rate monitoring depending on the requirement. The temporary device with near-field communication (NFC) and heart rate sensors was developed as a clothing attachment type that enables heart rate monitoring via smart phone tagging when required. The continuous device is based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication and batteries and was developed to enable continuous heart rate measurement via a direct connection to the temporary device. Furthermore, the temporary device was configured to connect with a textile electrode made of a silver-based knitted fabric designed to be located below the pectoralis major muscle for heart rate measurement. Considering the user-experience factors, key functions, and the ease of use, we developed an application to automatically log through smart phone tagging to improve usability. To evaluate the accuracy of the heart rate measurement, we recorded the heart rate of 10 healthy male subjects with a modular smart clothing system and compared the results with the heart rate values measured by the Polar RS800. Consequently, the average heart rate value measured by the temporary system was 85.37, while that measured by the reference device was 87.03, corresponding to an accuracy of 96.73%. No significant difference was found in comparison with the reference device (T value = -1.892, p = .091). Similarly, the average heart rate measured by the continuous system was 86.00, while that measured by the reference device was 86.97, corresponding to an accuracy of 97.16%. No significant difference was found in terms of the heart rate value between the two signals (T value = 1.089, p = .304). The significance of this study is to develop and validate a modular clothing system that can measure heart rates according to the purpose of the user. The developed modular smart clothing system for heart rate monitoring enables dual product planning by reducing the price increase due to unnecessary functions.