• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.249-256
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• 2003

An immunological method was developed in this study to quantify reproductive output of the female butter clam, Saxidomus purpuratus. A clam egg-specific polyclonal antibody was developed using the purified butter clam egg as an antigen. An indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used in quantitative measurement of the eggs. Size of the butter clam eggs ranged from $70.81{\pm}7.52{\mu}m$ in histology or $88.56{\pm}11.31{\mu}m$ in intact eggs. The predominant egg constituent was protein (37.44%), followed by lipids (11.40%) and carbohydrates (9.68%). The SDS-PAGE showed that the egg proteins are composed of several peptides of molecular weights consisting of 247, 200, 99, 91, 54 and 47 kDa. ELISA indicated that the clams collected from Geoje Island in May 2002 produced 8.2 to 26.8% of their body weight as eggs or 9,307,309 to 31,156,333 with a mean of 16,931,893 eggs per individual clam. The results of this study thus suggest that indirect ELISA using rabbit anti-clam egg IgG as a primary antibody is a rapid, affordable and sensitive method to assess reproductive output of 5. purpuratus and possibly other bivalves using a small amount of eggs.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.39 no.spc1
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• pp.198-202
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• 2006

We investigated the fecundity, egg size, reproductive output, and breeding frequency and season of Neocaridina denticulata denticulata and Latreutes planirostris which inhabit extremely different habitats. The marine shrimp Latreutes planirostris produced more eggs had at a given carapace length than the freshwater shrimp N. d. denticulata. However, N. d. denticulata had a larger egg volume and greater reproductive output than L. planirostris. The monthly gonadosomatic index (GSI) of the freshwater shrimp began to increase in April and reached a maximum in May, suggesting a single breeding period. In contrast, the GSI of the marine shrimp exhibited two breeding peaks: May-June and September. In both shrimps, the regressions between carapace length and ovarian weight were significant at the non-eyed and eyed embryo stages. For both species, an analysis of covariance revealed significant difference between the two regressions in elevation, but not in slope. These results indicate the potential for multiple ovulations within the reproductive season.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.646-653
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• 2003

Investigations were made on the population structure, sex ratio, growth, and recruitment patterns of Leptochela sydniensis in the southwestern coastal areas of Korea, between May 2000 and December 2001. Spawning period, fecundity, brood loss, reproductive output, and size at sexual maturity also were examined. The results of the sex ratio showed that females were more numerous than males during the overall study period. Parameters of growth were estimated using the modified von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) model incorporating seasonal variation into growth. Females grew somewhat faster and reached a larger size than males $(L\infty=12.80\;mm\;CL\;and\;K=0.70\;yr^{-1}\;or\;females,\and\;L\infty=12.08\;mm\;CL\;and\;K=0.69\;yr^{-1}$ for males). The structure of recruitment patterns obtained by the FiSAT program indicated one normally distributed group. Based on the occurrence of ovigerous females and the gonadosomatic index (GSI), the main spawning season was from June to August. Analysis of covariance indicated that brood loss was not observed during the incubation period. The size at which $50\%$ of females are mature is estimated as 5.48 mm CL.

• Proceedings of the Malacological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.12-12
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.83-83
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• 2001

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.469-481
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• 1993

Gametic biotechnologies involve the procedures which are utilized for procuring reproductive success through the mimicry of in vivo events as in in vitro fertilization, embryo transfer etc. With the realization that the oviduct performs most of the procedures mimicked in vitro under normal in vivo situations, the need to master the oviduct therefore, becomes paramount. The oviduct being an exocrine gland (with its output of glycoproteins) and possibly an ecdocrine gland must be implicated in all the preimplantational procedures of reproduction, which include ovulation, oocyte maturation, sperm capacitation, gametic and embryonal nutrition, fertilization, and implantation. The evidences in the literature for the implication of the oviduct in these processes are examined. It is concluded that there is a need for the mastery of oviductual activity in order to maximize the successes of the procedures in vitro, and provide gametic manipulations which will have high success rates in implantation that is the ultimate after of in vitro fertilization for reproductive success.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.123-131
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• 2021

We report on the gonadal structure abnormality and intersexuality found from a survey regarding the reproductive potential of the rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus, along the southern coast of Korea. In total, 448 samples were collected for histological analysis (total length 27.5±6.8 cm; total weight 522.9±385.6 g). The sex ratio (F:M) was 1:0.46 (n=307:141), with 68.5% being females. The frequency of oocyte atresia and ovarian neoplasm in the females was 85.3% and 21.5%, respectively, and the frequency of testicular lobule and cyst deformation and testicular neoplasm in the males was 73.1% and 37.6%, respectively. The scale formation in the ovary and testis was approximately 2.0% for both sexes. The intersexuality was 42.2%, with the intersexuality among females being 49.5%, which was significantly higher than that of males (26.2%). Such findings indicate a negative impact on the reproductive output of the rock bream along the southern coast of Korea; however, a more detailed study is required to ascertain accurate causes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to compare both the performance of litters derived from two sire genetic origins (SGO), Vienna Blue (VB) and Burgundy Fawn (BF), along successive seasons of birth (SB; winter, spring, summer and autumn), and doe reproductive performance in an organic production system. A total of fifty-eight does consisting of a mixture of crosses of several medium-large size breeds at different parity order (P, 1 = nulliparous; 2 = primiparous; ${\geq}3$ = multiparous) and twelve males (6 VB and 6 BF) were housed indoors at environmental conditions that followed seasonality. An extensive reproductive rhythm was used and kits were weaned at $46{\pm}6$ d of age. Doe reproductive performance and the data of 105 litters (55 from VB and 50 from BF SGO) were recorded throughout the SB. No statistically significant differences related to SGO effect were observed. As regards parity order, multiparous does showed higher live weights (LW) (p<0.05), total born (p<0.01), total born alive (p<0.05) per delivery, and litter weight of born alive (p<0.05), but lower milk output at 21st d than primiparous does (p<0.05). The extensive reproductive rhythm mainly increased litter performance at birth in multiparous does but was not sufficient to permit a complete recovery of body reserves lost during lactation. Autumn SB negatively affected doe LW variation between deliveries. The number of pups born and born alive per delivery (p<0.05) and litter size at 21 d of age and at weaning (p<0.01) were lower during hot SB. Due to the lower litter size of pups born in summer and autumn, their individual weight at 21st d of age and daily individual growth rate 0 to 21 d were higher than those of pups born in winter (p<0.001). Litter performance at 21st d of age and individual pup pre-weaning growth rate were poorer for those born in spring than in other seasons due to the harmful effects of increased environmental temperatures. SB affected most of the performance traits of does and young rabbits reared under the organic farming system. The rabbits seemed better suited to organic rearing conditions during winter than in other seasons. The worst results overall were obtained in the spring SB, whereas the hot SB negatively affected both doe energy balance and prolificacy. In conclusion, the pups of the 2 SGO showed good pre-weaning performance and seemed suited to the organic rabbit production system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.250-251
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• 2003

Biochemical and biometric features of eggs of the Washington clam, Saxidomus purpuratus, are reported in this study. In addition, a polyclonal antibody against the purified clam egg was employed to quantitative assessment of eggs of the clams collected from Geoje Island, Korea in May 2002. Mean egg diameter was 70.81 $\pm$ 7.52 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$(histological preparation) or 88.56 $\pm$ 11.31 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$(purified oocytes), and individual egg weighed 95 ng in dry weigt. (omitted)

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.140-145
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• 2006

We measured activities of the ubiquitous tripeptide non-protein thiol (L-${\gamma}$-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine), glutathione (GSH), which is believed to playa fundamental role in detoxifying xenobiotics in biological systems, as a metabolic biomarker for benzo(${\alpha}$)pyrene and Aroclor 1254 exposure in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Reproductive oysters were exposed to the pollutants for 50 days by the algal vectoring method in which the oysters were fed with concentrated standard algal foods grown in culture media containing Aroclor 1254 (0, 5, 50, 500 ng/g) or benzo(${\alpha}$)pyrene (0, 10, 100, 1,000 ng/g). Both pollutants induced maternal GSH activities in 10 days in a dosage-dependent manner (p<0.05), although Aroclor 1254 was stronger. The pollutant-driven GSH elevation persisted for 20 to 30 days depending on the pollutants and concentrations. Thereafter, a drastic decline in the GSH activity was observed due to metabolic failure, after which the oyster GSH remained at low levels throughout the remainder of the experiment. The pollutant exposures influenced maternal reproductive output in terms of fertilization, hatching, and morphology. These results imply that changes in activity of the GST-catalyzing molecule can be used as an oyster biomarker for Aroclor 1254 and benzo(${\alpha}$)pyrene exposure.