• 한국어류학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.300-304
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• 2011

2008년 10월에서 2009년 9월까지 통영 주변해역에서 출현하는 별망둑 (Chaenogobius gulosus) 333개체를 대상으로 산란기, 성비, 군성숙체장, 포란수를 조사하였다. 별망둑의 체장(standard length, SL)은 2.0~12.6 cm의 범위를 보였다. 별망둑 암컷 생식소중량지수 (GSI)의 월변동을 살펴보면 2월에 연중 가장 높은 값을 보였으며, 그 이후 4월까지 감소하는 양상을 나타내었다. 간중량지수 (HSI)는 1월에 4.58로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 산란성기인 2월과 3월에 각각 3.14와 3.42로 낮은 값을 보였다. 따라서 별망둑의 산란기는 12월에서 4월로 판단되었다. 별망둑의 월별 성비는 1 : 1.06으로 암.수간 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다(${\chi}^2$-test, p>0.05). 별망둑 암컷의 50% 군성숙체장은 7.9 cm로 나타났으며, 9.0 cm 이상에서는 모든 개체가 성숙하였다. 포란수는 1,112~6,059개의 범위를 보였으며, 평균 3,011개를 나타내었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.42-46
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• 2011

Objective: This study was aimed to investigate endometrial histology and to find predictable clinical factors for endometrial disease (hyperplasia or cancer) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: We investigated the endometrial histology and analyzed the relationship between endometrial histology and clinical parameters, such as LH, FSH, estradiol, testosterone, fasting and 2 hours postprandial glucose and insulin, insulin resistance, body mass index, endometrial thickness, menstrual status from 117 women with PCOS. Statistical analysis was performed with chi square and t-test, p-value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. And receiver operating characteristic curve was used to find predictable clinical factors for endometrial disease and to decide the cuff off values. Results: In 117 women with PCOS, endometrial histologic profiles are as follows: proliferative phase in 90 women (76.9%), endometrial hyperplasia in 25 women (21.4%), and endometrial cancer in 2 women (1.7%). Of 25 women with endometrial hyperplasia, simple hyperplasia without atypia, complex hyperplasia without atypia and complex hyperplasia with atypia were diagnosed in 15 (12.8%), 6 (5.1%), 4 (3.4%) women, respectively. Age and endometrial thickness were significantly related with endometrial disease, p=0.013 and p=0.001, respectively. At the cut off level of 25.5 years in age, sensitivity and specificity predicting for endometrial disease were 70.4% and 55.6%, respectively (p=0.023). At the cut off level of 8.5 mm in endometrial thickness, sensitivity and specificity were 77.8% and 56.7%, respectively (p=0.000). Conclusion: In women with PCOS, the incidence of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer were 21.4% and 1.7%. The age and endometrial thickness may be used as clinical determining factors for endometrial biopsy.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate sperm motility and its changes after preparation as predictors of pregnancy in intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles. Methods: In total, 297 IUI cycles from January 2012 to December 2017 at a single tertiary hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patient and cycle characteristics, and sperm motility characteristics before and after processing were compared according to clinical pregnancy or live birth as outcomes. Results: The overall clinical pregnancy rate per cycle was 14.5% (43/297) and the live birth rate was 10.4% (30/289). Patient and cycle characteristics were similar between pregnant and non-pregnant groups. Sperm motility after preparation and the total motile sperm count before and after processing were comparable in terms of pregnancy outcomes. Pre-preparation sperm motility was significantly higher in groups with clinical pregnancy and live birth than in cycles not resulting in pregnancy (71.4%±10.9% vs. 67.2%±11.7%, p=0.020 and 71.6% ±12.6% vs. 67.3%±11.7%, p=0.030, respectively). The change in sperm motility after processing was significantly fewer in the non-pregnant cycles, both when the comparison was conducted by subtraction (post-pre) and division (post/pre). These relationships remained significant after adjusting for the female partner's age, anti-Müllerian hormone level, and number of pre-ovulatory follicles. According to a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, an initial sperm motility of ≥72.5% was the optimal threshold value for predicting live birth after IUI. Conclusion: Initial sperm motility, rather than the motility of processed sperm or the degree of change after preparation, predicted live birth after IUI procedures.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of semen parameters in samples used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with fertilization and pregnancy rates in infertile couples. Methods: In this prospective study of Infertile couples with male factor infertility that had undergone ICSI, fractions of the same semen samples obtained for microinjection (to ensure the best predictability) were evaluated to determine the semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) on the day of oocyte recovery. Results: In total, 120 couples completed the study and were subdivided into fertilized (n=87) and non-fertilized couples (n=33). The fertilized couples were further classified into pregnant (n=48) and non-pregnant (n=39) couples. Compared to non-fertilized and non-pregnant couples, fertilized and pregnant couples showed statistically significantly higher sperm viability and percentage of normal sperm morphology, as well as significantly lower sperm DFI values. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of data from the 120 ICSI cycles showed that sperm viability, normal sperm morphology percentages, and sperm DFI were significant prognostic indicators of fertilization at cutoff values of 40%, 7%, and 46%, respectively. A sperm DFI of 46% showed sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 90%, respectively, for predicting fertilization, and no clinical pregnancies occurred in couples with a sperm DFI above 46%. Conclusion: Semen parameters from the ICSI day sample, especially sperm viability, normal morphology, and DFI, had an impact on fertilization and pregnancy outcomes in ICSI cycles.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.230-238
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• 2021

This study attempted to determine the characteristic features of postpartum dairy cows during their return to estrus. Moreover, it investigated the effects of abnormal ovarian cycles (AOC) on subsequent reproductive performance and the relationship between normal ovarian cycles (NOC) and the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level postpartum. Incidentally, 56.3% of the Holstein cows and 66.7% of the Jersey cows had NOC, whereas the 43.7% and 33.3% of the Holstein and Jersey, respectively, had AOC. Within 100 days of calving, the cows with AOC had significantly lower rates of artificial insemination (AI) submission as well as pregnancy and a significantly longer interval to first AI, as compared to that in the cows with NOC. Additionally, the cows with NOC had a significantly higher first AI conception rate than that in the cows with AOC. In this study, of the 32 Holstein cows, 8 resumed their ovarian cycle within 20 days of calving, 10 resumed the cycle with 21-40 days of calving, 8 within 41-60 days of calving, while the remaining 6 did not resume their ovarian cycles until 60 days postpartum. Furthermore, the likelihood ratios of incidence of NOC are 0.93, 1.94, and 0.38, respectively, in the groups with BUN levels < 15, 15-19.9, and ≥ 20 mg/dl. In conclusion, AOC postpartum adversely affects reproductive performance such as AI submission rate, pregnancy rate, interval to first AI and first AI conception rate; moreover, an increase or decrease in the BUN levels beyond 15-19.9 mg/dL leads to the AOC postpartum.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.202-209
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• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of oocyte number with serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels measured by two automated methods (Access or Elecsys) in fresh stimulated in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. Methods: In this retrospective study at a university hospital, data were collected from 243 fresh stimulated IVF cycles performed from August 2016 to December 2020. The serum AMH level was measured by Access in 120 cycles and by Elecsys in 123 cycles. The cut-off of serum AMH for prediction of poor responders (three or fewer oocytes) or high responders (15 or more oocytes) was calculated by the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: For the two automated methods, the following equations were derived: total oocyte number=2.378+1.418×(Access-AMH) (r=0.645, p<0.001) and total oocyte number=2.417+2.163×(Elecsys-AMH) (r=0.686, p<0.001). The following combined equation could be derived: (Access-AMH)=0.028+1.525×(Elecsys-AMH). To predict poor responders, the cut-off of Access-AMH was 1.215 ng/mL (area under the curve [AUC], 0.807; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.730-0.884; p<0.001), and the cut-off of Elecsys-AMH was 1.095 ng/mL (AUC, 0.848; 95% CI, 0.773-0.923; p<0.001). To predict high responders, the cut-off of Access-AMH was 3.450 ng/mL (AUC, 0.922; 95% CI, 0.862-0.981; p<0.001), and the cut-off of Elecsys-AMH was 2.500 ng/mL (AUC, 0.884; 95% CI, 0.778-0.991; p<0.001). Conclusion: Both automated methods for serum AMH measurement showed a good correlation with oocyte number and good performance for predicting poor and high responders in fresh stimulated IVF cycles. The Access method usually yielded higher measured serum AMH levels than the Elecsys method.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2023

Objective: Azoospermia (the total absence of sperm in the ejaculate) affects approximately 10% of infertile males. Despite diagnostic advances, azoospermia remains the most challenging issue associated with infertility treatment. Our study evaluated transition nuclear protein 2 (TNP2) and synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SYCP3) polymorphisms, azoospermia factor a (AZFa) microdeletion, and gene expression levels in 100 patients with azoospermia. Methods: We investigated a TNP2 single-nucleotide polymorphism through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using a particular endonuclease. An allele-specific PCR assay for SYCP3 was performed utilizing two forward primers and a common reverse primer in two PCR reactions. Based on the European Academy of Andrology guidelines, AZFa microdeletions were evaluated by multiplex PCR. TNP2, SYCP3, and the AZFa region main gene (DEAD-box helicase 3 and Y-linked [DDX3Y]) expression levels were assessed via quantitative PCR, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the diagnostic capability of these genes. Results: The TNP2 genotyping and allelic frequency in infertile males did not differ significantly from fertile volunteers. In participants with azoospermia, the allelic frequency of the SYCP3 mutant allele (C allele) was significantly altered. Deletion of sY84 and sY86 was discovered in patients with azoospermia and oligozoospermia. Moreover, SYCP3 and DDX3Y showed decreased expression levels in the azoospermia group, and they exhibited potential as biomarkers for diagnosing azoospermia (area under the curve, 0.722 and 0.720, respectively). Conclusion: These results suggest that reduced SYCP3 and DDX3Y mRNA expression profiles in testicular tissue are associated with a higher likelihood of retrieving spermatozoa in individuals with azoospermia. The homozygous genotype TT of the SYCP3 polymorphism was significantly associated with azoospermia.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.957-966
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• 2004

본 연구는 내분비 장애물질 중 관찰물질로 지정된 BPA의 투여가 생쥐의 번식특성과 생리기능에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 웅성 생쥐에 BPA를 체중 kg당 무처리구, 대조구, 0.05, 0.5 및 5.0mg BPA을 투여한 구에서 실험개시시와 실험종료시의 체중, 정소상체, 정낭선 및 응고선의 무게는 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었으며, 정소의 무게는 5.0mg 투여구가 다소 낮은 무게를 나타냈지만 통계적 유의차는 없었다. BPA의 투여가 웅성 생쥐의 정액성상에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 생존율과 유효정자수는 각 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었으나 정자농도는 5.0mg 투여구가 여타구보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 정자농도를 나타냈다(P<0.05). 기형율은 5.0mg 투여구가 무처리구, 대조구 및 0.05mg 투여구보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 기형율을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 웅성의 혈액성상에 미치는 영향에서 RBC, HB, HT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, albumin, BUN 및 total protein은 각 투여구간에 차이가 없었으며, WBC는 BPA 투여구가 무처리구 및 대조구보다 다소 낮은 수치를 나타냈지만 통계적 유의차는 인정되지 않았으며, PLT는 BPA 투여구가 무처리구 및 대조구보다 높은 수치를 나타냈지만 통계적 유의차는 인정되지 않았다. BPA의 투여가 자성 생쥐의 번식기관 무게에 미치는 영향은 실험개시시 체중, 실험종료시 체중 및 자궁의 무게는 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었지만, 오른쪽 난소의 무게는 0.5mg 투여구와 5.0mg 투여구가 대조구 및 0.05mg 투여구보다 낮은 무게를 나타냈으며(P<0.05), 왼쪽 난소의 무게는 0.5mg 투여구가 대조구 및 0.05mg 투여구보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 무게를 나타냈다(P<0.05). 자성 생쥐의 혈액성상에 미치는 영향은 RBC, HB, HT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, albumin 및 total protein은 각 투여구간에 차이가 없었으며, WBC는 BPA 투여구가 대조구보다 다소 높은 수치를 나타냈지만 통계적 유의차는 인정되지 않았으며, PLT는 0.5mg 투여구와 5.0mg 투여구가 대조구보다 높은 수치를 나타냈지만 통계적 유의차는 인정되지 않았다. 혈중 BUN의 함량은 BPA 투여구가 대조구 보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 함량을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 정소, 난소 및 자궁의 조직검사에서는 모든 투여구간에 커다란 차이는 인정되지 않았다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2002

웅성생쥐에 일정량의 BPA를 15일과 30일간 투여한 결과, 총정자수는 15일과 30일 대조구가 각각 25.1$\pm$6.5$\times$$10^{6}$$m\ell$ 및 23.7$\pm$6.7$\times$$10^{6}$$m\ell$, BPA 15일과 30일 처리구가 각각 17.0$\pm$6.6$\times$$10^{6}$$m\ell$ 및 19.3$\pm$5.7$\times$$10^{6}$$m\ell$로서 처리구가 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(P＜0.05). 생존율은 15일과 30일 대조구가 각각 34.4$\pm$12.1% 및 34.0$\pm$9.7%, BPA 15일과 30일 처리구가 각각 25.6$\pm$7.6%와 28.6$\pm$5.8%로서 처리구가 대조구에 비하여 낮게 나타났지만 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다(P〉0.05). 기형율은 15일과 30일 대조구가 각각 11.7$\pm$3.5% 및 15.1$\pm$3.8%, BPA 15일과 30일 처리구가 각각 18.5$\pm$6.4% 및 22.2$\pm$4.5%로서 처리구가 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P〉0.05). 체중과 번식 기관 무게는 BPA 15일과 30일 처리구에서 처리구간에 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 장기무게중 간, 신장은 BPA 15일과 30일 처리구에서 처리구간에 차이가 인정되지 않았으나, 비장은 15일과 30일 대조구가 각각 0.116 $\pm$0.0169 및 0.117$\pm$0.016g, BPA 15일과 30일 처리구가 각각0.216$\pm$0.0789 및 0.222$\pm$0.1149로서 처리구가 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P＜0.05).

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2008

보조생식술 시행 후 혈전색전증의 발생은 매우 드물기는 하나 치명적인 합병증이다. 과배란 유도시 중증 난소 과자극 증후군은 $0.1{\sim}0.5%$에서 발생하며, 중증 난소 과자극증후군 환자의 128명 중 한 명에서 혈전색전증이 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 발병기전으로는 과배란 유도에 따른 고에스트로젠 혈증에 의한 혈액응고인자의 변화, 혈관 투과성의 증가에 따른 혈액농축 및 순환혈액의 감소 등을 원인으로 추정하고 있으나 그 정확한 기전은 알려진 바가 없다. 또한 thrombophilia나, 혈전색전증의 과거력 및 가족력이 있는 경우 발병율이 증가한다. 혈전증의 발생 부위는 정맥이 67%이나, 33%는 동맥에 발병하며 주로 뇌동맥에 발생된다고 보고되었다. 본 예는 3년간의 이차성 불임을 주소로 내원하여 시험관 아기시술을 시행하였으며 hCG 투여 8일 후 난소 과자극증후군이 중등도로 발생하였다. hCG 투여 후 11일째 갑작스런 의식 소실 및 우측 상지의 운동장애가 발생하여 시행한 MRI상 뇌바닥동맥 (basilar a.) 혈전증으로 진단되었으며, 혈관내 혈전 용해술 및 풍선 확장술 시행후 재관류에 성공하였다. 시술 2일 후 의식 및 운동장애는 완전히 회복되었으며 시술 7일 후 말더듬증 역시 회복되어 후유장애 없이 건강한 상태이다. Thrombophilic study상 Protein S결핍 소견을 보였고, 또한 vWF-associated Ag.이 증가된 양상을 보였다. 지금까지 국내에서 난소 과자극증후군 이후에 발생한 뇌경색은 5예가 보고되었으며, 이중 4예에서 protein S deficiency 소견을 보였으므로 선별 검사로 유용할 것으로 사료된다. 저자 등은 3년간의 이차성 불임을 주소로 내원한 33세 환자에서 시험관 아기시술시 hCG 투여 11일째에 발생한 뇌바닥동맥 혈전증을 간단한 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.