• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2003

This study was carried out to find out PSS(Porcine Stress Syndrome) with the PSE(Pale, Soft, Exudative) in different piglets. These experiments were accomplished with the aid of PCR-RFLP(Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). The samples were collected and examined from umbilical cord blood of piglets of Yorkshire, Landrace and Crossbred. And then, the PCR products were digested by restriction enzyme, Hha I. The results obtained were as follows; The PCR products of the blood genomic DNA of ryanodine receptor gene were length of 1 .8kb in umbilical cord blood. Normal type(NN), heterozygous type(Nn) and recessively homozygous type(nn, PSS) as a result of digestion of restriction enzyme, Hha 1, were 90.0%, 10.0% and 0.0% in Yorkshire piglets, 76.2%, 19.0% and 4.8% in Landrace, 69.1%, 23.8% and 7.1% in crossbred, respectively. As already showing the above results, the blood from piglets umbilical cord can be availably used for the determination of genotypes of PSS because of easiness of blood collection without stress in live piglets.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.659-666
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• 2004

This paper describes Three-Dimensional Listening Simulation System (3D-LSS) which is to analyze whistle sound related marine casualties, and is to evaluate the accident situations using 3D sound by Head Related Transfer Function At first, the hree-dimensional listening model from the analysis of accident situations is proposed, and then the reproduction and evaluation methods of 3D sounds are also discussed. The system is designed to explain the accident situations and to simulate the possible situations with GUI based graphics and 3D sound reproduction. The evaluation experiments using 3D-LSS are carried out with six cases that did not known whether it is true or not the blast and listening of the whistle sound between two vessels. As results of psychological assessments by five subjects, the six cases can be analyzed clearly by visual images and audio sounds, thus the usability of 3D-LSS as one of the judgment assistant system of marine casualty is verified.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 1992

These experiments were investigate the effects of bacterial infection of uterus and vagina during bovine embryo transferring on the development of embryo. We examined the distribution of reproductive disordered cow by akind of disease, identified the bacteria isolated from the vagina of those cows and bacterial infectin of media and its treatment with several kinds of antibiotics at that. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. The total 592 reproductive disordered cows were caused by ovarian dysfunction(43.4%), ovary-uterus complication(24.5%), endometrities(17.7%), and repeat breeder(12.0%). 2. The main bacteria among 11 kinds of bacteria(113 colonies) was E. coli(38 colonies, 33.6%). Likewise, E. coli was propotioned to 23 and 22.7% among bacteria from vagina of endometritis and repeat breeder, respectively. 3. The sensitivities of viginal bacteria to pencillin and streptomycin were 6.2 and 4.4% respectively, but those to gentamycin and chloramphenicol were 22.1 and 16.8%, respectively. The similar sensitivities were found in the embryo recovery media. 4. The rates of bacterial infection of recovery medim and that of abnormal development of embryo were 75 and 80%, respectively. 5. The antibiotic sensitivity assay of ova recovery media showed gentamicin and chloramphenicol gave better results than streptomycin and penicillin. 6. The developmental rate of 1-cell stage mice embryos was 34.0% in bacterial infected culture media, but was 40.0, 58.0, 40.0 or 30.0% with the treatment of kanamycin, gentamycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, or penicillin, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 1978

The influence of low temperature treatment on Raphanus sativus L, stimulating the conversion of sexual reproduction period over vegetative reproduction period. was verified by the research of many scholars, and the low temperature limit and the time period to obtain the desired results were reported by Miller and Yamamoto et al. This paper will report the results of an experiments as to determine the proper temperature regulation period by determining the sensitivity stimulation period during the growing period of plants. Since the results of this paper alone are inconclusive. further research will be carried out and reported in the future by this author.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2022

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a gastrointestinal disorder with diverse symptoms but no structural or organic manifestations. Benachio-F^® (herein named 'BF-1') is an over-the-counter liquid digestive formulated with multiple herbal extracts, which has been reported to improve symptoms of FD. A total two experiments were conducted. First, we examined whether BF-1 can modulate the progression of FD through two experimental rat models. A total of three doses (0.3x, 1x, 3x of the human equivalent dose) were used. In the gastric emptying model, both 1x (standard) or 3x (3-fold-concentrated) BF-1 enhanced gastric emptying was compared with that of vehicle-treated animals. In a feeding inhibition model induced by acute restraint stress, treatment with 1x or 3x BF-1 led to a similar degree of restoration in food intake that was comparable to that of acotiamide-treated animals. Among the constituents of BF, fennel is known for its choleretic effect. Thus, we next investigated whether a novel BF-based formula (named 'BF-2') that contains an increased amount of fennel extract (3.5-fold over BF-1), has greater potency in increasing bile flow. BF-2 showed a superior choleretic effect compared to BF-1. Furthermore, the postprandial concentration of serum secretin was higher in animals pretreated with BF-2 than in those pretreated with BF-1, suggesting that the increased choleretic effect of BF-2 is related to secretin production. Our results demonstrate that BF-1 can modulate the pathophysiological mechanisms of FD by exerting prokinetic and stress-relieving effects, and that BF-2 has a better choleretic effect than BF-1.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2022

Alpha-linolenic acid is an important polyunsaturated fatty acid that exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of alpha-linolenic acid on the cell proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells under essential amino acid-deficient conditions. Different concentrations of alpha-linolenic acid and essential amino acids were added to the growth and differentiation media. The concentrations of 10 µM of alpha-linolenic acid and 2% essential amino acid were chosen for subsequent experiments. Supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid and essential amino acids improved the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells and significantly increased the mRNA levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, B-cell lymphoma-2, and beclin-1 as well as the protein levels of PPARγ coactivator-1α compared to those in the controls. Moreover, supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid and essential amino acids reduced the levels of phosphorylated H2A.X variant histone, Bcl-2-associated X, p53, and light chain 3 during C2C12 cell proliferation, and increased the expression levels of myogenic factors 4 (myogenin) and 5 during C2C12 cell differentiation. Overall, we determined that alpha-linolenic acid and essential amino acids maintained the cell proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells via their anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-autophagic effects.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.67-80
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• 2024

Background: Post-ovulatory aging (POA) of oocytes is related to a decrease in the quality and quantity of oocytes caused by aging. Previous studies on the characteristics of POA have investigated injury to early embryonic developmental ability, but no information is available on its effects on mitochondrial fission and mitophagy-related responses. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial fission and mitophagy in in vitro maturation (IVM) oocytes and a POA model based on RNA sequencing analysis. Methods: The POA model was obtained through an additional 24 h culture following the IVM of matured oocytes. NMN treatment was administered at a concentration of 25 μM during the oocyte culture process. We conducted MitoTracker staining and Western blot experiments to confirm changes in mitochondrial function between the IVM and POA groups. Additionally, comparative transcriptome analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes and associated changes in mitochondrial dynamics between porcine IVM and POA model oocytes. Results: In total, 32 common genes of apoptosis and 42 mitochondrial fission and function uniquely expressed genes were detected (≥ 1.5-fold change) in POA and porcine metaphase II oocytes, respectively. Functional analyses of mitochondrial fission, oxidative stress, mitophagy, autophagy, and cellular apoptosis were observed as the major changes in regulated biological processes for oocyte quality and maturation ability compared with the POA model. Additionally, we revealed that the activation of NAD⁺ by nicotinamide mononucleotide not only partly improved oocyte quality but also mitochondrial fission and mitophagy activation in the POA porcine model. Conclusions: In summary, our data indicate that mitochondrial fission and function play roles in controlling oxidative stress, mitophagy, and apoptosis during maturation in POA porcine oocytes. Additionally, we found that NAD⁺ biosynthesis is an important pathway that mediates the effects of DRP1-derived mitochondrial morphology, dynamic balance, and mitophagy in the POA model.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.88-94
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• 2024

Background: Using cryovial for freezing dog spermatozoa provides a practical method to increase extended sperm volume and shorten the time required for equilibration by using a simple freezing techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal thawing condition for dog sperm cryopreservation using cryovials. Methods: For sperm freezing, cryovials with 200 × 10⁶ sperm/mL were cooled after the addition of tris egg yolk extender (TEY) at 4℃ for 20 min, then TEY with 4% glycerol was added and equilibrated for another 20 min before being aligned over LN₂ vapor for another 20 min and plunged directly into LN₂. Spermatozoa were thawed in a water bath at 37℃ for varying times (25 sec, 60 sec, 90 sec, and 120 sec) in the first experiment. In the second experiment, spermatozoa were thawed in a water bath at various temperatures and times (37℃ for 1 min, 37℃ for 1 min with gentle stirring, 24℃ for 24 min, and 75℃ for 20 sec). In these experiments, the effect of thawing conditions on motility parameters, viability (SYBR-14/PI), and acrosome integrity (PSA/FITC) of spermatozoa were investigated. Results: The post-thaw sperm motility parameters, viability, and acrosome integrity were not significantly different across the experimental groups. Conclusions: In this study, the characteristics of spermatozoa frozen using cryovials were not significantly affected by various thawing conditions.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.538-552
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• 2022

This study attempted to understand the characteristics of pedagogic activities performed by pre-service elementary school teachers. To this end, it applied Algodoo simulations to analyze the actions of students and obtain educational implications for optical learning. The study's participants comprised 79 first-year students enrolled in a teacher training college. Their activities could be classified as representation reproductions, verification experiments, and inquiry experiments. Students who performed representation reproduction exercises replicated renowned and authoritative exemplars, apprehending and demonstrating their principal features through simulations. Students performing verification experiments attempted to validate previously learned optical concepts by reviewing the relevant theoretical contexts. Such students primarily conducted simple experiments. Students accomplishing inquiry experiments used simulations to explore phenomena they did not know. Some of them even investigated optical phenomena beyond the domain of general physics. The above results confirmed that free optical experiments performed using Algodoo can effectively denote starting points for learners to engage in activities at varying levels. Additionally, students require assistance from instructors in addressing queries about the application of the principles and models related to optics. This study suggests ways in which instructors should help students at each level of activity. Additionally, the paper presents examples of varying levels of inquiry-related activities available on Algodoo. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of performing inquiry-based activities on Algodoo and suggests ways of enhancing the learning achieved through this platform.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1992

These experiments were designed to investigate the effects of glycosaminoglycans(GAGs), which maybe produced by cumulus cells, on in vitro maturation process of bovine follicular oocytes. The rates of in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes were examined after incubating with the various concentrations of a hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, or heparin for 26 hours. The results obatained in these experiments were summarized as follows : 1. When the cumulus or removed oocytes treated with hyaluronic acid(200, 400, 800 and 1, 600$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), the maturation rates of cumulus-removed oocytes were 48.6, 59.4, 68.4 and 61.3% respectively. Especially, at a concentration of 800$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, the maturation rates(68.8%) of cumulus-removed oocytes were slightly lower than that(78.3%) of cumulus-enclosed oocytes. However, the treatment of hyaluronic acid showed significantly higher maturation rates compared to that(48.4%) of control group of cumulus-removed oocytes(p<0.05). Therefore, these results suggest thate hyaluronic acid had a beneficial effect on maturation of bovine follicular oocytes. 2. The maturation rate of cumulus-free oocytes treated with chondroitin sulfate(200, 400, 800 and 1, 600$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) was 52.3, 56.1, 55.9 and 52.2% respectively. These rates were not different from those(52.9%) of control group. However, these rates in cumulus-free oocytes were significantly lower than that(79.0%) in cumulus-enclosed oocytes(p<0.01). Therefore, these results suggest that chondroitin sulfate do not affect on the maturation of oocytes. 3. In cumulus-free oocytes cultured with different heparin concentration, the maturation rates were ranged from 48.5 to 52.1%, showing no differencies from that(50.7%) of control group. However, these rates were significantly lower than 80.0% in cumulus-enlosed oocytes(p<0.01). 4. The nuclear maturaton of oocytes was increased by treatment of each of three glycosaminoglycans(hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and heparin). In addition, the treatment of mixed together showed the significant additive effect. Hyaluronic acid was more effective than chondroitin sulfate and heparin were.