• 기록학연구
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• 제2호
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• pp.195-230
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• 2000

In this paper I tried to get an overall view of the training course of German archivists, based on the curriculum of Marburger Archivschule. In Germany the short-term training courses are offered by some archives and also graduate-level course is offered by a college in Potzdam. Marburger Schule is, however, said to be a representative institute for training of archivists in Germany because the institute has a long history and its graduates have been playing a leading role in the archival science and archival administration of Germany. By examining the curriculum of the Marburger Schule, I tried to analyze the important elements which have decided the shaping of curriculum historically. I also examined the general prerequisite to be an archivist in Germany, including qualification-examination in order to see how the high standards of German archivists can be maintained. There are three kinds of training courses in Marburger Schule: course for academic archivists, course for administrative archivists, short-term course for complementary training. The former two main courses are runned in association with each state archives(staatliche Archive, Landesarchive) in the Federal Republic of Germany along the line of public regulation. These courses consist of theoretical and practical education. Marburger Schule is charged with the theoretical education, while each local government(Landesregiergung) runs the training system according to its own rules with autonomy. The education of archivists must be structured to fill the expected role in a society to which archivists belong. The image of archivist changes in the course of times and makes a greate many differences according to the conditions and tradition of a country. The whole system of formal education is also related with the style of managing of Archives in each country. Therefore an example of a country can not be taken so easily as a model. The education system of archivists must be interpreted in the relation with the historical condition of a country and its administrative system of archives.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.661-670
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• 2019

In this study, we constructed a model of an area where the production and production amount of wild vegetables which are designated as short term income forest products for the whole country are self-sufficient for the representative Eastern Braken fern(Pteridium aquilinum)and Edible aster(Aster scaber). The difference between the existing cultivation site and the model result was examined, and the distribution of the cultivable area was simulated according to the near future climate change by the 2050s. The degree of agreement between the cultivated area and the actual native area was very low at 14.5% for Eastern Braken fern and 12.9% for Edible aster. Using the Maxent model, which has already been proven by many research examples, the cultivation maps through the model can guarantee statistical accuracy by considering many variables. To analyze future location changes, the RCP 4.5 scenario and the RCP 8.5 scenario were applie Edible aster d to predict potential future cultivable areas and compare them to the present. There was no decrease in the cultivable area due to climate change nationwide. However, in the RCP 8.5 scenario for Eastern Braken fern and the RCP 4.5 scenario for Edible aster, declining areas such as Gangwon-do, Jeollabuk-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do showed prominence according to the scenarios. The result of this study suggests that various models can be used for the production of short-term forest productivity maps and it will be used as a climate change impact assessment data for competitive forest products considering the influence of future climate change.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.433-446
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• 2021

In this study, the future flood inundation changes under a climate change were simulated in the Tonle Sap basin in Cambodia, one of the countries with high vulnerability to climate change. For the flood inundation simulation using the rainfall-runoff-inundation (RRI) model, globally available geological data (digital elevation model [DEM]; hydrological data and maps based on Shuttle elevation derivatives [HydroSHED]; land cover: Global land cover facility-moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer [GLCF-MODIS]), rainfall data (Asian precipitation-highly-resolved observational data integration towards evaluation [APHRODITE]), climate change scenario (HadGEM3-RA), and observational water level (Kratie, Koh Khel, Neak Luong st.) were constructed. The future runoff from the Kratie station, the upper boundary condition of the RRI model, was constructed to be predicted using the long short-term memory (LSTM) model. Based on the results predicted by the LSTM model, a total of 4 cases were selected (representative concentration pathway [RCP] 4.5: 2035, 2075; RCP 8.5: 2051, 2072) with the largest annual average runoff by period and scenario. The results of the analysis of the future flood inundation in the Tonle Sap basin were compared with the results of previous studies. Unlike in the past, when the change in the depth of inundation changed to a range of about 1 to 10 meters during the 1997 - 2005 period, it occurred in a range of about 5 to 9 meters during the future period. The results show that in the future RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, the variability of discharge is reduced compared to the past and that climate change could change the runoff patterns of the Tonle Sap basin.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2020

Background: Gut microflora contributes to the nutritional metabolism of the host and to strengthen its immune system. However, if the intestinal barrier function of the living body is destroyed by radiation exposure, the intestinal bacteria harm the health of the host and cause sepsis. Therefore, this study aims to trace short-term radiation-induced changes in the mouse gut microflora-dominant bacterial genus, and analyze the degree of intestinal epithelial damage. Materials and Methods: Mice were irradiated with 0, 2, 4, 8 Gy X-rays, and the gut microflora and intestinal epithelial changes were analyzed 72 hours later. Five representative genera of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were analyzed in fecal samples, and the intestine was pathologically analyzed by Hematoxylin-Eosin and Alcian blue staining. In addition, DNA fragmentation was evaluated by the TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Results and Discussion: The small intestine showed shortened villi and reduced number of goblet cells upon 8 Gy irradiation. The large intestine epithelium showed no significant morphological changes, but the number of goblet cells were reduced in a radiation dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the small intestinal epithelium of 8 Gy-irradiated mice showed significant DNA damaged, whereas the large intestine epithelium was damaged in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, the large intestine epithelium showed less recovery potential upon radiation exposure than the small intestinal epithelium. Analysis of the intestinal flora revealed fluctuations in lactic acid bacteria excretion after irradiation regardless of the morphological changes of intestinal epithelium. Altogether, it became clear that radiation exposure could cause an immediate change of their excretion. Conclusion: This study revealed changes in the intestinal epithelium and intestinal microbiota that may pave the way for the identification of novel biomarkers of radiation-induced gastrointestinal disorders and develop new therapeutic strategies to treat patients with acute radiation syndrome.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.73-86
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• 2022

Objectives: In the health care industry, the influence of online reviews is growing. As medical services are provided mainly by providers, those services have been managed by hospitals and clinics. However, direct promotions of medical services by providers are legally forbidden. Due to this reason, consumers, like patients and clients, search a lot of reviews on the Internet to get any information about hospitals, treatments, prices, etc. It can be determined that online reviews indicate the quality of hospitals, and that analysis should be done for sustainable hospital marketing. Method: Using a Python-based crawler, we collected reviews, written by real patients, who had experienced Korean medicine, about more than 14,000 reviews. To extract the most representative words, reviews were divided by positive and negative; after that reviews were pre-processed to get only nouns and adjectives to get TF(Term Frequency), DF(Document Frequency), and TF-IDF(Term Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency). Finally, to get some topics about reviews, aggregations of extracted words were analyzed by using LDA(Latent Dirichlet Allocation) methods. To avoid overlap, the number of topics is set by Davis visualization. Results and Conclusions: 6 and 3 topics extracted in each positive/negative review, analyzed by LDA Topic Model. The main factors, consisting of topics were 1) Response to patients and customers. 2) Customized treatment (consultation) and management. 3) Hospital/Clinic's environments.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.329-342
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• 2023

Turbid water and suspended sediment (SS) load are having negative consequences such as water quality degradation and ecological damage, thus necessitating the establishment of management guidelines to reduce their impact. The present work investigates the spatio-temporal distribution of fish species and the effects of turbid water from 2011-2016 in the upper reaches of Soyang-Dam. The family Cyprinidae is the largest population in the study area, among which Zacco platypus and Zacco koreanus are the dominant species. The diversity of species is relatively abundant in the upper watershed, while the seasonal effect on the population distribution remains unclear. Using two main common components of the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, the distribution characteristics of 27 species at five survey sites are revealed. Zacco koreanus is found to be predominant at the upstream A-Naerincheon, while Zacco platypus and Rhinogobius brunneus are found to be predominant at the upstream B-Bukcheon. Disturbance of an aquatic ecosystem has a relatively greater impact in the downstream, as-compared to the upper area-the high proportion of forest area is decreased whereas that of agricultural and urbanized areas is increased. The patterns of representative species are changed according to the mid- to long-term effects of turbid water and SS. Accordingly, the significant correlation between the SS load and fish distribution EOF analysis indicates that it should be considered as a potential alternative that can overcome the limitations of impact assessment on turbid water to the Fish Assessment Index (FAI). A comprehensive study examining the long-term effects of SS load to the fish ecosystems with a systematic statistical analysis of sufficiently accumulated data at the national level is needed as future research.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권12호
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• pp.4441-4448
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• 2022

The electrochemical oxidation process has been widely studied in the field of wastewater treatment for the decomposition of organic materials through oxidation using ·OH generated on the anode. Pt anode electrodes with high durability and long-term operability have a low oxygen evolution potential, making them unsuitable for electrochemical oxidation processes. Therefore, to apply Pt electrodes that are suitable for long-term operation and large-scale processes, it is necessary to develop a new method for improving the decomposition rate of organic materials. This study introduces a method to improve the decomposition rate of organic materials when using a Pt anode electrode in the electrochemical oxidation process for the treatment of organic decontamination liquid waste. Electrochemical decomposition tests were performed using sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) as a representative organic material and a Pt mesh as the anode electrode. Y₂O₃ particles were introduced into the electrolytic cell to improve the decomposition rate. The decomposition rate significantly improved from 21% to 99%, and the current efficiency also improved. These results can be applied to the electrochemical oxidation process without additional system modification to enhance the decomposition rate and current efficiency.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1379-1394
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• 2002

In case of a single input single output (SISO) system with a nonlinear term, a signal compression method is useful to identify a system because the equivalent impulse response of linear part from the system can be extracted by the method. However even though the signal compression method is useful to estimate uncertain parameters of the system, the method cannot be directly applied to a unique system with hysteresis characteristics because it cannot estimate all of the two different dynamic properties according to its motion direction. This paper proposes a signal compression method with a pre-processor to identify a unique system with two different dynamics according to its motion direction. The pre-processor plays a role of separating expansion and retraction properties from the system with hysteresis characteristics. For evaluating performance of the proposed approach, a simulation to estimate the assumed unknown parameters for an arbitrary known model is carried out. A motion platform with several single-rod cylinders is a representative unique system with two different dynamics, because each single-rod cylinder has expansion and retraction dynamic properties according to its motion direction. The nominal constant parameters of the motion platform are experimentally identified by using the proposed method. As its application, the identified parameters are applied to a design of a sliding mode controller for the simulator.

• 공업화학
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.57-60
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• 2020

An acetaldehyde, a representative food waste odor, was decomposed using a hybrid system comprised of a non-thermal plasma and catalyst at an ambient temperature under high humidity. A five wt.% Mn was impregnated on two differently structured microporous zeolites, namely Beta and ZSM-5, with a different molar ratio of SiO₂/Al₂O₃. Under high humidity conditions, the acetaldehyde degradation was higher in zeolites with the high ratio of SiO₂/Al₂O₃. Among studied catalysts, a five wt.% Mn/Beta (SiO₂/Al₂O₃ = 300) showed the highest acetaldehyde removal activity owing to its high hydrophobicity and reducibility. During long term stability test using the same catalyst for 110 hours, the acetaldehyde removal activity was relatively well-maintained.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2007

직지는 세계 최고의 역사자산의 가치를 가지고 있으며, 최근 이것을 충북을 대표하는 문화적 브랜드로 만들려는 노력이 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문은 설문조사를 통해 청주직지축제의 포괄적 만족도 및 소비지출결정요인을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 소득과 같은 경제적 변수는 예상했던 대로 양(+)의 결과를 얻었으나, 인구학적 변수는 다소 예상과는 다른 결과를 얻었다, 즉, 남성이 더욱 만족도와 소비지출도 높았으며, 충북 이외의 거주자일수록 만족도와 소비지출과 음(-)의 관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 직지축제가 세계적 축제로 발전하기 위해서는 장기발전계획 및 상설조직화가 필요하다.