• 한국인구학
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.3-25
• /
• 1990

Life table of Korean population for years 1983 1985 1987 and 1989 were constructed byt the National Bureau of Statics. The ago specific death rates were calculated froom the death registral ion for numerators and the estimated population by age and sex for denominators. In the course of constructing life tables, we have maole some adjustments for deficiencies in regist rat ion olata as follows. First, the non-registered portion oof infant deaths especially for neo-natal deaths was estirnateol and added too the original data. The main reason is that deaths occorring in the neo-natal period and prior to the registrat ion of birth leave little incentive for the registration of either the birth or the death. Second. t he do~hayed p(ortioon of deaths registering after one year of occurrence was estimated and added too the original data. Third t the ptortioon haying in, occuracies in ,~oge reporting was also estimated. Fourth the moving average methood was finally employed in an effort too remove the random error. The major fin(hings are as foolloows. 1. the average life expectancy at birth in 1989 is calculateol as 70.8 years in 1989, 2. a gap netween the male and female life expectancies is widened to more than 8 years toorm 1.8 years in 1906 10. It means that the female life expectancy has increased substantially, 3. the death rates of the middle - aged men starting age 40 are found to he relatively higher than those of females and younger age groups. This peculiar pattern was also found with the comparison of those of other countries.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제8권11호
• /
• pp.235-242
• /
• 2021

The paper aims to examine the relationship between the Board of Directors' characteristics and the timeliness of financial statements of listed firms in Vietnam. Accordingly, research data was collected from the FiinPro Platform database system, which included financial statements of 548 organizations listed on the Hochiminh Stock Exchange and the Hanoi Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2018. The paper employs the OLS regression method with a strong standard error method and FGLS to handle the problem of variable variance and autocorrelation. The research results show that the following three factors have significant impacts on the timeliness of financial statements: the duality of Chairman, the age of Chairman, and the change of members of the Board of Directors. The findings suggest that the duality of the Chairman of the Board of Directors will lead to a decrease in control effectiveness, adversely affecting the timeliness of the financial statements. In addition, the change of members in the Board of Directors will lead to a positive change in the timely provision of information. The age of the Chairman of the Board of Directors also positively impacts the timeliness of financial statements.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.31.1-31.8
• /
• 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic. No specific therapeutic agents or vaccines for COVID-19 are available, though several antiviral drugs, are under investigation as treatment agents for COVID-19. The use of convalescent plasma transfusion that contain neutralizing antibodies for COVID-19 has become the major focus. This requires mass screening of populations for these antibodies. While several countries started reporting population based antibody rate, its simple point estimate may be misinterpreted without proper estimation of standard error and confidence intervals. In this paper, we review the importance of antibody studies and present the 95% confidence intervals COVID-19 antibody rate for the Korean population using two recently performed antibody tests in Korea. Due to the sparsity of data, the estimation of confidence interval is a big challenge. Thus, we consider several confidence intervals using Asymptotic, Exact and Bayesian estimation methods. In this article, we found that the Wald method gives the narrowest interval among all Asymptotic methods whereas mid p-value gives the narrowest among all Exact methods and Jeffrey's method gives the narrowest from Bayesian method. The most conservative 95% confidence interval estimation shows that as of 00:00 on September 15, 2020, at least 32,602 people were infected but not confirmed in Korea.

• 융합경영연구
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2015

Managers are always trying to be the best internal controls in their organizations copper approximate because they know that be effective internal control over previous systems, to fulfill the mission of the organization and minimize unexpected events will be extremely difficult. On the other hand, the existence of internal controls to increase efficiency, reduce head loss, assets and achieving a reasonable assurance of the reliability of financial statements and compliance with laws and regulations will be. Internal control, not an event, but a series of operations and activities on the basis of output. Internal controls help to achieve the goal of minimizing the problems of implementing appropriate internal controls. Internal control is an integral component of corporate governance that will provide reasonable assurance of achieving the organization's objectives. preventing, detecting errors and fraud goes to work. Responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud and error in the public sector is the responsibility of managers. Managers of internal control and consistently applying appropriate accounting systems, this responsibility will play (Lin et al., 2011). Since the public sector organizations differ from each other, thus establishing internal controls cant be the same for all organizations and agencies of the public sector. Establish specific controls on each system to factors such as size, type of operation and organizational goals that the system is designed, it depends. On the other hand, rapid advances in information technology, the need to update internal control guidelines in relation to Create a new computer system so as to ensure that the activities of managers and effective control Should be updated if necessary.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.341-353
• /
• 2024

This paper presents the design results of a Multi-band Global Positioning System (GPS)/Korean Positioning System (KPS) Real-Time Kinematics (RTK) precise positioning simulator and evaluate its functionalities. The designed simulator consists of a trajectory generation module, a Radio Frequency (RF) signal generation module, a RF signal reception module, a coarse positioning module, a precise positioning module, and an error statistics reporting module. Simulations in realistic scenarios confirm that the proposed baseband simulator works appropriately. The developed simulator can adjust the type, number, band, and Pseudo Random Noise (PRN) code type of the satellite constellation in various ways, and the practical positioning performance can be tested. It can also reflect the channel influence at the actual RF stage and the influence during the initial synchronization and tracking process. Considering such advantages, the proposed simulator would be useful in future researches and developments related to KPS.

• 무역학회지
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.125-145
• /
• 2018

발틱해운거래소는 건화물 해상무역 지수인 BDI(Baltic Dry Index) 지수를 발표하고 있는데, BDI 지수는 철광석, 석탄, 곡물 등 주요 건화물을 운송하는 벌크선박의 평균 용선료를 의미한다. 현재 BDI 산출의 기초가 되는 용선료 데이터는 케이프사이즈 40%, 파나막스 30%, 스프라막스 30%의 비중으로 반영되고 있다. 이처럼 케이프사이즈는 건화물 시장을 구성하는 다양한 사이즈의 선박 중에서도 대장 역할을 담당하고 있다. 본 연구는 벡터오차수정모형(Vector Error Correction Model; VECM)을 활용하여 변수 간의 인과관계를 검증하였으며, 이를 통해 케이프사이즈 용선료에 영향을 미치는 변수 간의 장기균형모델을 도출하고자 하였다. 분석결과, 케이프사이즈 선복량 1% 증가시 용선료 0.08% 감소, 엔달러 환율 1% 증가시 0.01% 감소, 세계 GDP 1% 증가시 0.02% 증가, 철광석과 석탄 물동량 1% 증가시 각각 0.11%, 0.09% 증가, 벙커유 가격 1% 증가시 0.04% 증가하는 실증분석 결과를 계측하였다. 벌크선 중 핸디막스, 파나막스급 활용도가 낮아지고 상대적으로 케이프사이즈의 활용도가 높아지고 있는데 본 연구는 케이프사이즈를 대상으로 하여 분석을 수행하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2005

해난사고에 의한 선박 표류시 신속한 수색 구조를 지원하기 위한 실시간 표류선박 위치추정시스템 구축의 기초연구로서 실제 해상에서의 선박 표류 거동을 관측하였으며, 환경외력조건에 대한 선박의 규모별 거동특성을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 실험에서는 G/T 10톤급 선박, 20톤급 선박, 50톤급 선박, 80톤급 선박 그리고 구명정(life raft)등 5종류의 선박을 대상으로 하였으며, 표류선박의 위치는 DGPS(Differential Global Positioning System)와 VHF 무전기를 이용한 자동위치발신기(APRS: Automatic Position Reporting System)를 자체 제작하여 측정하였다. 표류 대상선박 중 GH 50톤급 선반에서는 위치 측정과 동시에 표류 경로상의 해수유동, 바람, 선수각(Heading angle)등도 함께 측정하였다. 본 실험의 모든 관측에서 시간간격은 1분으로 동일하게 적용하였다. 실험결과에서 표류선박은 풍속의 3％∼5％의 속도로 표류하는 것으로 나타났으며, 표류방향은 풍향의 법선방향으로 나타났다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.203-212
• /
• 2002

주로 도시에 소재하는 표준기상관측소 자료의 공간 내삽에 의해 일 최저기온의 평년값을 추정할 때, 도시 열섬효과의 전이에 의해 전원지역에서 과다추정 되는 오류를 수정하기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였다. 도시열섬효과의 공간적인 확산을 모의하기 위해 먼저 불연속적인 변량인 시군 행정구역단위 인구를 지표피복도 상의 시가지 픽셀에만 할당하여 규칙적인 격자점 단위의 평균인구로 변환함으로써 연속적인 변량인 수치인구모형(DPM)으로 표현하였다. 다섯 가지 평활화 DPM 가운데 최적으로 판명된 사방 2.5 km DPM과 기온추정 오차간 회귀식을 기존의 거리-고도 보정 내삽과정에 결합하였다. 이 방법을 적용하여 추정된 평년(1971-2000) 월별 일 최저기온의 추정오차는 기존방법에 비해 최소 50%가 개선되었다.

• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.455-465
• /
• 2010

Purpose: To determine the impact of the Patient Safety Program on the safety culture of nursing department. Methods: Patient Safety Program focused on medication safety was launched by QI team and patient safety committee. Patient Safety Program was composed of the establishment of improved reporting system as s way to learn from error, 'Patient Safety Guard' movement, and continuous education for medication safety. With one group pretest-posttest design, nurses' perception of the safety culture were measured with self-administered questionnaire. Subjects were all nurses and managers in nursing department of a tertiary teaching hospital in Seoul. Collected data from survey was statistically analyzed using t-test. Results: Patient Safety Program had been continued for 20 months in participation of all nurses and managers. Safety culture was improved (pretest=2.84, posttest=2.90, p<.001; 4 point scale). Conclusions: This study indicates that there has been a statistically significant increase in the nurses' perception of safety culture. These findings suggest that Patient Safety Program had made great contribution toward system wide safety culture in the hospital. To improve safety culture, leadership supports and flexibility to apply tailored interventions to the hospital were required necessarily.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2006

Performing inspections for Hull Condition Monitoring and Assessment as stipulated in IACS unified requirements and IMO's Condition Assessment Scheme (CAS) IMO Resolution MEPC.94(46), 2001, Condition Assessment Scheme, IMO Resolution MEPC.111(50), 2003, Amendments to regulation 13G, addition of new regulation 13H involves a huge amount of measurement data to be collected, processed, analysed and maintained. Information to be recorded consists of thickness measurements and visual assessment of coating and cracks. The amount of data and increasing requirements with respect to condition assessment demand efficient computer support. Currently, due to the lack of standardization for this kind of data, the thickness measurements are recorded manually on ship drawings or tables. In this form, handling of the measurements is tedious and error-prone and assessment is difficult. Data reporting and analysis takes a long time, leading to some repairs being performed only at the next docking of the ship or making an additional docking necessary. The recently started ED funded project CAS addresses this topic and develops-as a first step-a data model for Hull Condition Monitoring and Assessment (HCMA) based on XML-technology. The model includes simple geometry representation to facilitate a graphically supported data collection as well as an easy visualisation of the measurement results. In order to ensure compatibility with the current way of working, the content of the data model is strictly confined to the requirements of the measurement process. Appropriate data interfaces to classification software will enable rapid assessment by the classification societies, thus improving the process in terms of time and cost savings. In particular, decision-making can be done while the ship is still in the dock for maintenance.