• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.253-260
• /
• 2012

This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of multi-probiotics, fermented ginseng byproducts and fermented sulfone as an alternative to probiotics on performance, intestinal microflora and immunity of broiler. A five weeks trial was conducted with one day old Ross${\times}$Ross broilers (n=340), divided into five groups which further divided into 4 replicates with 17 birds in each replicate. Birds were assigned to 5 dietary treatments as control, antibiotic avilamycin (AB), multi-probiotics (MP), fermented sulfone (FS) and fermented ginseng byproducts (FGB). Growth parameters were recorded on weekly basis while rest of the parameters viz. blood and faeces were collected at the end of the experiment. Growth parameters were not affected statistically by dietary treatments. However, numerically, higher body weight, splenocytes proliferation and lower total cholesterol and LDL values were found in MP treatment (P>0.05). Salmonella spp. count ($P{\leq}0.001$) and E. coli (P<0.001) concentrations in the ileum were found lowest in AB treatment while FS group showed lowest level of yeast (P<0.10) and Lactobacillus spp. ($P{\leq}0.001$). Fecal ammonia and $CO_2$ emission was significantly decreased in FGB than other dietary treatments (P<0.05). It was concluded that multi-probiotics would be valuable feed additives to improve the growth performance, Lactobacillus proliferation and immunity of broiler chicks.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.556-561
• /
• 2013

Interest in spin-torque oscillators (STOs) has been increasing due to their potential use in communication devices. In particular the magnetic tunnel junction-based STO (MTJ-STO) with high perpendicular anisotropy is gaining attention since it can generate high output power. In this paper, a circuit-level model for an in-plane magnetized MTJ-STO with partial perpendicular anisotropy is proposed. The model includes the perpendicular torque and the shift field for more accurate modeling. The bias voltage dependence of perpendicular torque is represented as quadratic. The model is written in Verilog-A, and simulated using HSPICE simulator with a current-mirror circuit and a multi-stage wideband amplifier. The simulation results show the proposed model can accurately replicate the experimental data such that the power increases and the frequency decreases as the value of the perpendicular anisotropy gets close to the value of the demagnetizing field.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2020

A nutrition study on weaned pigs using fermented soybean meal was done to determine the effect on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood profile and fecal microflora. A total of 100 weaning pigs with an initial average body weight (BW) of 8.27 ± 1.10 kg were randomly allotted into 1 of 2 dietary treatments in a 6-week feeding trial. There were 10 replicate pens in each treatment with 5 pigs per pen. The dietary treatments included: 1) control: Basal diet (CON); 2) fermented soybean meal (FSBM): Basal diet supplemented with 5% fermented soybean meal. The average daily feed intake (ADFI) was significantly improved (p < 0.05) with the dietary supplementation of the FSBM compared with the control meal during phase 2. The dietary supplementation with 5% FSBM had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on gain to feed ratio (G : F) during the overall experiment period. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that dietary supplementation of 5% fermented soybean meal improved the body weight and average daily gain (ADG), ADFI, and feed efficiency of the weaning pigs; however, there were no supplementation effects on total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), nitrogen, energy, blood profile and fecal microflora.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2000

Evolutionary operation (EVOP) is a continuous improvement system which explores a region of process operating conditions by deliberately creating some systematic changes to the process variable levels without jeopardizing the product. It is aimed at securing a satisfactory operating condition in full-scale manufacturing processes, which is generally different from that obtained in laboratory or pilot plant experiments. Information on how to improve the process is generated from a simple experimental design. Traditional EVOP procedures are established on the assumption that the variance of the response variable should be small and stable in the region of the process operation. However, it is often the case that process noises have an influence on the stability of the process. This process instability is due to many factors such as raw materials, ambient temperature, and equipment wear. Therefore, process variables should be optimized continuously not only to meet the target value but also to keep the variance of the response variables as low as possible. We propose a scheme to achieve robust process improvement. As a process performance measure, we adopted the mean square error (MSE) of the replicate response values on a specific operating condition, and used the Kruskal-Wallis test to identify significant differences between the process operating conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.50-56
• /
• 1998

The complementary DNA (cDNA) of potato virus Y- vein necrosis strain (PVY-VN) replicase gene (Nlb) was transformed into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Burley 21) plants. Out of 25 putative transformants regenerated, 3 were resistant to PVY-VN, one highly resistant plant with no symptom until seed harvest time and the other two with mild chlorotic spot symptoms at late stages after infection. No symptom was observed in the highly resistant plant, while mild vein necrotic symptoms were developed on suckers of the moderately resistant plants after seed harvest time, In the first generation (T1) via self fertilization, resistance to susceptibility frequency in transgenic plants from the highly resistant transformant was about 3 : 1, while it was lowered much (about 1:2 and 1:19) in T1 of the moderately resistant transformants. In the second generation (T2) of the highly resistant plant, resistance frequencies were similar to T1, but resistance levels varied greatly and appeared to be decreased. Key words : potato virus Y, viral replicate gene, transgenic tobacco plants, resistance.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2006

Rhabdovirus-like virus were isolated from the fry (15~30 days post hatching, dph) and rearing water of the snakehead fish Channa arga exhibiting mass mortality in spring of 2003 and 2004 in Korea. The isolates were propagated in EPC and SSN-1 cells but not replicated in FHM cells. The bullet-shaped viral particles (45×100 nm) appeared to be compact and a similar morphology to those of the rhabdoviruses in the infected EPC cells. The optimum temperature for virus replication was 20 to 25℃ but they could not replicate at 15℃. The isolates ShFRV-3 and ShFRV-5 from snakehead fish showed high pathogenicity against the fry (15 dph) and fingering (40 dph) of snakehead fish but did not in the larger size (90 dph).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.9
• /
• pp.1355-1359
• /
• 2003

This study examined the replacement of the fish meal (FM) with commercial poultry by-product meal (PBM) in practical diets for rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets containing levels 0 (control), 10, 20, 30 and 40% of PBM as a replacement for FM were fed to three replicate groups of rainbow trout with a initial weight $34.50{\pm}0.43g$ (mean${\pm}$SE). Protein efficiency ratio (PER) of diets containing PBM up to 20% were similar to the control while significantly lower values were obtained from the groups receiving higher levels of PBM (p<0.05). Apparent protein digestibility coefficients (ADCs) were significantly lower than that of the control group when PBM was included at level of 20% or more. Similarly, significantly lower values were observed with diets containing 30 and 40% PBM in terms of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, ash and energy digestibility (p<0.05). Dietary treatments did not significantly affect the body composition of the fish in terms of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and ash. In conclusion, PBM in a proportion of 20% may replace about 40 % of FM in rainbow trout diet without significant impairment grow.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.9
• /
• pp.1300-1308
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytogenic additive and antibiotic growth promoter in laying Japanese quails. One hundred and sixty five quails were divided into three groups of 5 replicates and 11 quails (8 females and 3 males) in each replicate. Treatment 1 was fed control diet, treatment 2 was fed control diet supplemented with 0.05% bacitracin methylene disalicylate as antibiotic growth promoter and treatment 3 was fed control diet supplemented with 0.1% phytogenic feed additive (PFA) for two periods of 3 weeks each from 37 to 42 weeks of age. Results showed that egg production, eggshell strength, eggshell weight, villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio were significantly (p${\leq}$0.05) increased and feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, albumen, Haugh unit, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, alanine transaminase, gamma glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, number of goblet cell, crypt depth and intestinal bacterial population of Coliforms, Salmonella and E. coli were significantly (p${\leq}$0.05) decreased in PFA fed group. It is concluded that addition of PFA containing phytomolecules and organic acids as main ingredients could significantly improve the production parameters and the general health of laying quails as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.1825-1828
• /
• 2008

A simple method for the fabrication of porous nano-master for antireflective surface is presented. In conventional fabrication methods for antireflective surface, coating method with low refractive index has usually been used. However, it is required to have high cost and long times for mass production. In this paper, we suggested the fabrication method of antireflective surface by the hot embossing process using the porous nano patterned master on silicon wafer fabricated by low-temperature anodic aluminum oxidation. Through multi-AAO and etching processes, nano patterned master with high aspect ratio was fabricated at the large area. Pore diameter and inter-pore distance are about 150nm and from 150 to 200nm. In order to replicate anti-reflective structure, hot embossing process was performed by varying the processing parameters such as temperature, pressure and embossing time etc. Finally, antireflective surface can be successfully obtained after etching process to remove selectively silicon layer of AAO master.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.348-354
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an abdominal obesity management program on a woman's body composition and physiological indicators. A sample of 20 women who were 33 to 62 years old with abdominal obesity (greater than 80cm of waist circumference) participated in the program for 12 weeks. The program consisted of aerobic dance and yoga for one hour, twice a week. Their body composition was measured with BMI, body fat %, waist circumference, and waist/hip ratio. The physiological indicators were measured by systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides before and after the program. The results showed that waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, and fasting blood glucose decreased significantly after the program. However, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and blood lipids did not change. An abdominal obesity management program with aerobic dance and yoga is partially effective in decreasing abdominal obesity. Further studies are required to replicate the study with a control group using an experimental design.