• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2007.04a
• /
• pp.43-46
• /
• 2007

This study dealt with the influence of the replacement ratio of rapidly-chilled steel slag on fluidity and compressive strength of unsaturated polyester polymer concretes. The rapidly-chilled steel slag used in this study, a by-product which is produced by refining pig iron during the manufacture of steel, was controled by a air-jet method which rapidly cools substance melted at a high temperature. Experimental results show that fluidity and compressive strength of unsaturated polyester polymer concretes increase with increasing replacement ratio of rapidly-chilled steel slag. Use of rapidly-chilled steel slag was found to be effective for improving fluidity and compressive strength of rapidly-chilled steel slag.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.365-374
• /
• 2005

To find potential targets of novel antimicrobial agents, we identified essential genes of Streptococcus pneumoniae using comparative genomics and allelic replacement mutagenesis. We compared the genome of S. pneumoniae R6 with those of Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, and selected 693 candidate target genes with > 40% amino acid sequence identity to the corresponding genes in at least two of the other species. The 693 genes were disrupted and 133 were found to be essential for growth. Of these, 32 encoded proteins of unknown function, and we were able to identify orthologues of 22 of these genes by genomic comparisons. The experimental method used in this study is easy to perform, rapid and efficient for identifying essential genes of bacterial pathogens.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.3-12
• /
• 2018

Educational facilities are more uncertain about maintenance costs due to their comprehensive and long life-cycle compared to commercial buildings. In addition, maintenance of the existing post management system can not maintain the original function of education facilities continuously and economically. In order to overcome this problem, it is necessary to analyze the repair and replacement cost for the uncertainty factor in maintenance. This study propose a model to determine repair and maintenance cost and cycle of educational facility based on probabilistic estimation concept. For the analysis, Monte Carlo simulation, a probabilistic analysis method, was applied based on the repair and maintenance history data of the educational facilities in Florida. The results of this study can be used as a guideline for quantitative facility management and facility management research.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.79-89
• /
• 2010

Background : This study was identified the effects of a video CD Rehabilitation program on the range of knee angle and activities of daily living in patients with a total knee replacement Method : The data was collected from March 1 to May 31 2009 for the control group and from July 1 to September 31 2009 for the experimental group. The control and experimental groups contained 19 subjects each. A video CD Rehabilitation program configured to 8 minutes in length was shown 8 times every other day. Result : 1. On the day of Hemovac removal, the knee angle and CPM angle in the experimental group increased significantly, but they remained relatively constant on post operation day 21. 2. The activities of daily living were significantly different in the experimental group. Conclusion : 1. On the day of Hemovac removal, the knee angle and CPM angle in the experimental group increased significantly, but they remained relatively constant on post operation day 21. 2. The activities of daily living were significantly different in the experimental group.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.752-777
• /
• 2017

This paper proposes an automatic method to summarize Bangla news document. In the proposed approach, pronoun replacement is accomplished for the first time to minimize the dangling pronoun from summary. After replacing pronoun, sentences are ranked using term frequency, sentence frequency, numerical figures and title words. If two sentences have at least 60% cosine similarity, the frequency of the larger sentence is increased, and the smaller sentence is removed to eliminate redundancy. Moreover, the first sentence is included in summary always if it contains any title word. In Bangla text, numerical figures can be presented both in words and digits with a variety of forms. All these forms are identified to assess the importance of sentences. We have used the rule-based system in this approach with hidden Markov model and Markov chain model. To explore the rules, we have analyzed 3,000 Bangla news documents and studied some Bangla grammar books. A series of experiments are performed on 200 Bangla news documents and 600 summaries (3 summaries are for each document). The evaluation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique over the four latest methods.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.341-354
• /
• 2022

Treatment of solid waste building materials is a crucial method of disposal and an area of ongoing research. New standards for the treatment of solid waste building materials are necessary due to multisource features, huge quantities, and complicated compositions of solid waste. In this research, sustainable nanomaterial mixtures containing nano-paper waste (NPW) and nano-metakaolin (NMK) were used as a substitute for Portland cement. Portland cement was replaced with different ratios of NPW and NMK (0%, 4%, 8%, and 12% by weight of cement) while the cement-to-water ratio remained constant at 0.4 in all mortar mixtures. The fresh properties had a positive effect on them, and with the increase in the percentage of replacement, the fresh properties decreased. The results of compressive strength at 7 and 28 days and flexural strength at 28 days show that the nanomaterials improved the strength, but the results of NMK were better than those of NPW. The best replacement rate was 8%, followed by 4%, and finally 12% for both materials. The combination of NMK and NPW as a replacement (12% NMK + 12% NPW) showed less shrinkage than the others because of the high pozzolanic reactivity of the nanomaterials. The combination of NMK and NPW improved the microstructure by increasing the hydration volume and lowering the water in the cement matrix, as clearly observed in the C-S-H decomposition.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.26 no.1C
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 2006

In this study, centrifugal model tests were performed to evaluate the stress sharing between SCP and surrounding clayey soil at composite ground improved by sand compaction pile with the low area replacement ratio. The SCPs were formed by the "frozen pile" method and pressure cells were installed on pile and surrounding clayey soil to observe stress sharing characteristics. As a result of centrifugal tests, it is shown that the value of stress concentration ratio is mainly affected by area replacement ratio, loading condition and elapsed time.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 1996

This paper describes a sampling method, which can be used instead of the simple random sampling without replacement(SRSWOR). This method, circular sampling, assumes that the sampling units of the population are arranged in circular format, and randomly selects as many as samples of contiguous units. Therefore this method gathers information quicker and easier than STSWOR. In certain circumstances, the reliability of this method is better than that of STSWOR. And of circular sampling would be applied to nonprobability could be determined. methods, the reliability of the sample results in terms of probability could be determined.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.459-469
• /
• 1998

Balanced half sample method is a simple variance estimation method for complex sampling designs. Since it is simple and flexible, it has been widely used in large scale sample surveys. However, the usual BHS method overestimate the true variance in without replacement sampling and two-stage cluster sampling. Focusing on this point , we proposed an unbiased BHS variance estimator in a stratified two-stage cluster sampling and then described an implementation method of the proposed estimator. Finally, partially BHS design is explained as a tool of reducing the number of replications of the proposed estimator.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.335-342
• /
• 2003

Background: The aortic arch replacement in an acute aortic dissection is technically demanding procedure that has a lot of postoperative morbidity and high mortality The authors have applied several techniques of aortic arch replacement to overcome the risks of the procedure. Therefore we analysed the results of these techniques. Material and Method: From March of 1996 to July of 2002, we performed 31 cases of the aortic arch replacement in the Stanford type A acute aortic dissection. There were 12 male and 19 female patient's with 59.6$\pm$9.4 years of mean age. Among them 18 cases were treated with the hemiarch replacement and 13 cases with the total arch replacement. We approached the aortic arch through median sternotomy in all but 3 cases of Clamshell incision and applied the deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with retrograde cerebral perfusion. The associated procedures were 2 Bentall's procedures, an axillobifemoral bypass, a femorofemoral bypass and a carotid artery bypass. Result: The postoperative morbidities were 8 acute renal failures, 3 CNS complications, 2 low cardiac output syndromes, 2 malpefusion syndromes, and 2 deep wound infections. There were 4 cases of early hospital mortality which were from an acute renal failure a postoperative bleeding, a low cardiac output syndrome, and a reperfusion syndrome. There were 3 cases of late hospital mortality which were from an acute renal failure, and 2 multiorgan failures. So the total mortality rate was 22.5%. There were 4 cases of late mortality after the discharge, which were form 2 cases of distal anastomotic rupture and 2 cases of intracranial hemorrhage. Conclusion: The hemiarch replacement has relatively shorter operative time and lower hospital mortality but higher late mortality than the total arch replacement. The total arch replacement needs more technically demanding procedure.