• Computers and Concrete
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.327-337
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• 2023

Concrete is the most widely used building material, with various types including high- and ultra-high-strength, reinforced, normal, and lightweight concretes. However, accurately predicting concrete properties is challenging due to the geotechnical design code's requirement for specific characteristics. To overcome this issue, researchers have turned to new technologies like machine learning to develop proper methodologies for concrete specification. In this study, we propose a highly accurate deep learning-based predictive model to investigate the compressive strength (UCS) of lightweight concrete with natural aggregates (pumice). Our model was implemented on a database containing 249 experimental records and revealed that water, cement, water-cement ratio, fine-coarse aggregate, aggregate substitution rate, fine aggregate replacement, and superplasticizer are the most influential covariates on UCS. To validate our model, we trained and tested it on random subsets of the database, and its performance was evaluated using a confusion matrix and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) overall accuracy. The proposed model was compared with widely known machine learning methods such as MLP, SVM, and DT classifiers to assess its capability. In addition, the model was tested on 25 laboratory UCS tests to evaluate its predictability. Our findings showed that the proposed model achieved the highest accuracy (accuracy=0.97, precision=0.97) and the lowest error rate with a high learning rate (R2=0.914), as confirmed by ROC (AUC=0.971), which is higher than other classifiers. Therefore, the proposed method demonstrates a high level of performance and capability for UCS predictions.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2018

순환골재를 사용한 철근콘크리트 부재에서 휨강도에 비하여 전단성능 저하가 문제점으로 제기되고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위한 방법으로 강섬유를 콘크리트 보강재로 사용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 순환골재를 사용한 SFRC 보의 전단실험을 통하여 강도 및 변형 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 주요 실험변수는 강섬유 혼입률(0, 0.5%, 1%), 순환골재 치환율(0%, 100%), 전단경간비(a/d = 1, 2) 등이다. 실험결과 실험에 의한 전단강도는 강섬유의 혼입률이 증가할수록 전단경간비가 작아질수록 증가하였다. 강섬유 1% 혼입한 순환골재의 경우 일반 골재에 비해 최대전단내력이 1.77~6.25% 증가한 반면에 강섬유 0~0.5% 혼입한 실험체에서는 일반골재에 비해 순환골재가 24.2%~49.2%의 전단강도가 저하되었다. 이를 볼 때 1% 강섬유 보강에 의하여 순환골재 사용에 따른 강도 저하를 방지하는데 크게 기여하는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회 제20권2호
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• pp.863-866
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 철근의 배근방향(수직, 수평) 및 위치(상부근, 하부근)를 주요 변수로 하여 이형철근과 순환굵은골재와의 부착거동을 단계별로 평가하기 위한 실험을 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 얻어진 실험결과를 종합해 보면, 수평 시험체의 상부철근 시험체의 경우 하부철근 시험체 보다 부착 강도가 저하되는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 굵은골재의 편중현상 및 상부철근 하부에서 부유물(Laitance) 발생에 따른 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 수직 시험체 및 수평철근 시험체의 부착에너지를 비교한 결과 수평 상부철근 시험체의 경우 수직 및 수평 하부철근 시험체에 비하여 부착에너지가 감소한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회 제20권2호
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• pp.389-392
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• 2008

철강 산업에서 발생되는 슬래그 부산물 중 전기로슬래그는 슬래그 자체의 팽창반응성으로 인해 콘크리트용 원자재로서 활용이 불가능하지만, 슬래그의 팽창반응성을 제거한 전기로산화슬래그는 콘크리트용 골재로서 활용이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 산화 전기로슬래그 잔골재를 사용한 콘크리트의 기초품질 특성을 검토한 것으로서, 산화 전기로슬래그 잔골재는 입형이 둥근 풍쇄전기로슬래그 및 입형이 부순모래와 유사한 파쇄 전기로슬래그 잔골재가 있으며, 본 실험에서는 파쇄 전기로슬래그 잔골재를 사용하였다. 잔골재에 대해 용적 대체한 경우에서의 콘크리트의 품질 특성을 검토 결과, 전기로슬래그 잔골재는 골재 자체의 밀도가 일반 천연골재에 비해 매우 높고, 흡수율이 매우 낮기 때문에 전기로슬래그 잔골재 대체율이 증가할수록 동일 유동성을 확보하는 단위수량은 감소하는 경향을 나타내고 있으며, 동일 단위수량 적용시에도 콘크리트의 강도 발현 특성은 증가하는 경향을 나타내고 있다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine whether cementitious powder separated from waste concrete can be used as an alternative raw material to limestone and reduce the usage of natural resource (limestone) and $CO_2$ emission based on recycling cementitious powder from waste concrete. Experiments actually analyzed the chemical composition of cementitious powder and performed hyperthermia analysis, measurement of free CaO and XRD analysis to measure the degree of recovery of hydration in the model of cementitious powder manufactured based on chemical composition. These were performed in each cementitious powder model at different calcination temperatures such as $900^{\circ}C$, $1200^{\circ}C$, $1300^{\circ}C$, $1400^{\circ}C$ and $1450^{\circ}C$. Through the experiments, it was found that the recovery of hydration was at a level which can be used as the alternative raw material for limestone, but the replacement ratio was directly affected by the degree of mixing of fine aggregate in less than $150{\mu}m$, which cannot be separated from cementitious powder. It was shown that there was no difference in the production of compounds involved in hydration at calcination temperatures of $1200^{\circ}C$ or higher. Therefore, to pursue the replacement of limestone and reduction of greenhouse gas by recycling cementitious powder, the development of technology to efficiently separate aggregate fine powder is required.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제87권5호
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• pp.499-516
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• 2023

To defend against harmful gamma radiation, new types of materials for use in the construction of heavyweight concrete (HWC) are still needed to be developed. This research introduces new materials to be employed as a partial replacement for fine aggregate (FA) to manufacture high-performance heavyweight concrete (HPHWC). These materials include hematite, black sand, ilmenite, and magnetite, with substitution ratios of 50% and 100% of FA. In this research, the hardening and fresh characteristics of HPHWC were obtained. Concrete samples' Gamma-ray linear attenuation coefficient was evaluated utilizing a gamma source of Co-60 through the thicknesses of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15 cm. High temperatures were studied for HPHWC samples, which were exposed to up to 700℃ for two hours. Energy-dispersive x-rays and a scanning electron microscope carried out microstructure analyses. Magnetite as an FA attained the lowest compressive strength of 87.1 MPa, but the best radiation protection characteristics and the highest density of 3100 kg/m³ were achieved. After 28 days, the attenuation efficiency of concrete mixtures was increased by 6.5% when fine sand was replaced with black sand at a ratio of 50%. HPHWC, which contains hematite, black sand, ilmenite, and magnetite, is designed to reduce environmental and health dangers and be used in medicinal, military, and civil applications.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.731-746
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the axial bearing capacity and residual properties of steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (SRC) column after elevated temperature. A total of 48 SRC columns were designed for the static loading test after elevated temperature. The variables include replacement ratios, designed temperature, target duration, thicknesses of cover concrete, steel ratios and stirrup spacing. From this test, the mass loss ratio and stress load-deformation curve were obtained, and the influence of various parameters on residual bearing capacity were analyzed. ABAQUS was used to calculate the temperature field of specimens, and then got temperature damage distribution on the cross-section concrete. It was shown that increasing of the elevated temperatures leaded to the change of concrete color from smoky-gray to grayish brown and results in reducing the bearing capacity of SRC columns. The axial damage and mechanism of SRC columns were similar to those of reinforced natural aggregate concrete columns at the same temperatures. Finally, the calculation method of axial compressive residual bearing capacity of SRC columns recycled concrete columns after high temperature was reported based on the test results and finite element analysis.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 1999

It is difficult to keep the balance of supply and demand for natural aggregates in recent years, because natural resources have become to be almost exhausted. Crushed stone is already used for coarse aggregate instead of river gravel at present. Now, crushed sand or sea sand should be used for fine aggregate, because natural sand also has been exhausted with a few exceptions around Nakdong River. The sea sand has a lot of problems which are the corrosion of reinforcement bars, the investment of facility for cleansing salt and the cost increase due to the insufficiency of industrial water. Therefore, it is necessary to produce and to utilize the crushed sand very actively, but some material properties which are related to water absorption, strength and chemical durability, prevent from determining the generalized criteria because its rocks make much differences in its physical and chemical characteristics. In this paper, fundamental physical properties of crushed sand, which comes from Daegu Subway construction fields, have been investigated for the usability on basic material of concrete. The optimum replacement ratio and the strength estimation method of crushed sand replacing natural sand also have been presented here through the compressive strength test of ready-mixed concrete cylinders.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2014

In this study, evaluated ware the strength and durability of the vegetated water purification channel concrete to which recycled aggregates, hawang-toh and jute were applied. Box-Behnken method of response surface analysis in statistics was applied to the experimental design. Experimental variables are as follows, recycled coarse aggregates, hawang-toh, blast-furnace slag and jute fiber. In the experiment, conducted were the tests of compressive strength, chloride ion penetration, abrasion resistance and impact resistance the replacement rate effects of the recycled aggregates, blast-furnace slag and hwang-toh on the performance of vegetated water purification channel concrete were analyzed by using the response surface analysis method on the basis of the experimental results. In addition, an optimum mixing ratio of vegetated water purification channel concrete was determined by using the experimental results. The optimum mixing ratio was determined to be in 10.0% recycled coarse aggregates, 60.0% blast-furnace slag, 10.1% hwang-toh and 0.16% jute fiber. The compressive strength, chloride ion penetration, abrasion rate, and impact number of fracture test results of the optimum mixing ratio were 24.1 MPa, 999 coulombs, 10.30 g/mm3, and 20 number, respectively.

• 공업화학
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.652-660
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• 2008

급냉 제강슬래그를 재활용하기 위하여 제강슬래그의 치환율을 다양하게 변화시켜 만든 EVA-폴리머 시멘트 모르타르의 기계적강도와 물성에 대하여 조사하였다. EVA-폴리머 시멘트 모르타르 공시체는 폴리머-시멘트비를 5단계(0, 5, 10, 15, 20 wt%), 급냉 제강슬래그의 치환율을 5단계(0, 25, 50, 75, 100 wt%)로 각각 변화시켜 총 25 종류의 공시체를 제작하였다. 공시체의 제 성능을 조사하기 위하여 후레쉬 모르타르의 물-시멘트비, 단위용적중량, 공기량과 경화 공시체의 압축 및 휨강도, 흡수시험, 내열수성시험, 세공분포측정 및 SEM에 의한 미세조직 관찰 등을 실시하였다. 그 결과 급냉 제강슬래그의 치환율이 증가됨에 따라 물-시멘트비는 감소되었으나 단위용적중량은 현저히 증가 되었다. 폴리머-혼화제 및 급냉 제강슬래그의 첨가량 증가에 따라 흡수율은 감소되었으나, 압축 및 휨강도는 현저히 증가되었다. 내열수성시험에 의하여 기계적강도는 현저히 감소되었으나, 세공량과 공극률은 현저히 증가되었다. 전자현미경 관찰에서 내열수시험 전의 조직은 견고하게 융착되어 있었으나 내열수시험 후의 조직에서는 폴리머-혼화제가 분해 또는 열화되어 있는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다.