• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2009

The quality assurance (QA) is of utmost importance in biobanks when archived biomaterials are distributed to biomedical researchers. For sample authentication and cross-contamination detection, the two fundamental elements of QA, STR genotyping is usually utilized. However, the incorporated number of STR markers is highly redundant for biobanking purposes, resulting in time and cost inefficiency. An index to measure the cross-contamination detection capability of an STR marker, the mixture probability (MP), was developed. MP as well as other forensic parameters for STR markers was validated using STR genotyping data on 2328 normal Koreans with the commercial AmpFlSTR kit. For Koreans, 7 STR marker (D2S1338, FGA, D18S51, D8S1179, D13S317, D21S11, vWA) set was sufficient to provide discrimination power of ${\sim}10^{-10}$ and cross-contamination detection probability of ${sim}1$. Interestingly, similar marker sets were obtained from African Americans, Caucasian Americans, and Hispanic Americans under the same level of discrimination power. Only a small subset of commonly used STR markers is sufficient for QA purposes in biobanks. A procedure for selecting optimal STR markers is outlined using STR genotyping results from normal Korean population.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2003

The four skills of a language are basically required for a communication. They are very important for a learner to develop the balanced language acquisition. Today both listening and speaking skills are emphasized in the global era rather than reading and writing proficiencies. The reason is really why the learners' communicative competence is more needed than the accurate knowledge of a structure in the language. For this reason, the listening comprehension should be taught effectively using the following strategies. First, the sound difference of a language must be taught. Language is a complicated process to convey the comprehensive meaning combined with the internal and external factors of a language. In other words, the meaning for the sound of language should be transmitted by the unit of vocabulary and syntax. Second, a good listening comprehension requires the familiarity and much experience with a lot of English words to understand English sentences unconsciously. Third, as understanding the structure of language is effective for the listening comprehension, the better listening comprehension can be possible through the meaningful exercise. Fourth, the compound process of listening comprehension requires the comprehensive understanding of language, but not the separate understanding of language. Fifth, the appropriate application of the multimedia courseware helps improve the listening comprehension better than that of the existing audio, video, tape recorder and so on. Using multimedia courseware is useful as follows: A learner is able to take as much lesson as he/she wants. It does take little time to repeat about what he/she takes a lesson. It gives the lively picture with the native speakers' voices. It gives him/her(a learner) a feedback effect continuously through the interaction of computer. It controls his/her lesson in accordance with the level of a learner.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2008

Purpose: This Study aims to explore the Wormwood smoke(Ssukjahun) experiences of women and to provide the data to develop Korean traditional nursing intervention for women. Methods: A sample of 15 women aged between 20 to 60 years with Ssukjahun experiences was interviewed and content analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Six categories and Thirty attributes were derived for Ssukjahun experiences in women. The reason of Ssukjahun is related to illness included vaginitis, insomnia, mental depression, circulation down of hand and feet, repeat abortion, dysmenorrhea, hemorrhoids, disc, rheumatism, and asthma. The place of Ssukjahun was home, oriental hospital and Ssukjahun room. Also method of Ssukjahun included steam methods and burn the wormwood. The time-consuming of Ssukjahun was about 30 minutes. The response and effect in Ssukjahunincluded relax, decreasing rhinitis, weight reduction, feel better, increasing circulation, sleep well, reducing constipation, insomnia, hemorrhoid, back pain, asthma, and dysmenorrhea. The negative effect of Ssukjahun included vesicle, headache, itching sense, generalache, acne, and edema. However, women who did Ssukjahun believed that is the belligerent reaction because it is gone after several times. The preference of Ssukjahun than hospital treatment is related to side effect of medication, temporary method for reducing symptom. Recommends: It is recommended for nurses to understand experience of Ssukjahun in women. If Ssukjahun is to be own nursing intervention, it has to find solutions to encourage positive experiences and overcome negative experiences. Also it recommended research for experience of men.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.72-78
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• 1991

척추 마취로 제왕절개술을 받은 건강한 30명의 산모를 대상으로 ephedrine sulfate의 정맥적 주군(15명)과 정맥내 주사군(15명)의 산모혈압과 심박, 오심, 구토, Apgar scores, 산모와 태아의 혈압가스압 등을 비교 관찰하였든바 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 척추마취후 적주군의 수축기 산모혈압은 의의있는 변화가 없었으나(p>0.1), 정주군에는 5, 7분 후 술전치에 비해 통계학적으로 의의있게 하강하였으며(p<0.005), 적주군과의 비교에서도 의의있는 변화를 나타내었다(p<0.001). 2) 적주군에서 정주근보다 오심, 구토의 발생 빈도가 낮았다(p<0.001). 3) 산모의 심박, Apgar scores, 산모와 태아의 혈액 가스압에는 양군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 이상과 같이 제왕절개술을 위한 척추 마취시 ephedrine의 예방적 정맥내 적주가 안전하고 효과적일 것으로 사료된다.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2016

음악 점자는 문자 점자에 비해 보다 체계적이고 다양한 기호들로 구성되어 있다. 그러므로 음악 점역은 점자 기호의 숙지와 함께 악보에 대한 해박한 지식이 필요하다. 현재 문자 점역은 컴퓨터 프로그램이 개발되어 있어서 점역사의 도움 없이 점역을 할 수 있다. 하지만 음악 점역은 아직까지 음악 전문 점역사의 도움 없이 컴퓨터 프로그램으로 자동 점역하는 것이 어렵다. 음악 점역사가 악보를 보고 직접 점자로 작성하는 실정이다. 본 논문은 점자를 잘 이해하지 못하는 사람도 음악점역을 할 수 있는 '음악점자 변환기'를 설계 및 구현 하였다. 가사처리를 위해 문자 점역을 포함하고 있으며, 악보 구현은 음표, 쉼표, 길표, 조표, 박자표, 타이, 슬러, 도돌이표를 개발하여 실제 악보의 성공적 변환을 확인하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제10B권3호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 영상으로부터 블록 단위의 동작벡터를 추출하기 위해 가변적인 크기의 블록을 사용하는 정합 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 정합 알고리즘은 탐색영역의 크기를 적응적으로 조절하고, 보다 정확한 동작벡터를 추출할 때가지 블록의 크기를 동적으로 설정한다. 본 논문에서는 탐색영역의 중심위치를 결정하기 위해 시간의 경과에 따른 블록의 동작변화는 작다고 가정한다. 또한, 탐색영역의 범위는 공간적으로 인접한 블록들의 동작 균일성에 따라 조절된다. 블록의 크기를 결정하는 과정은 작은 크기의 블록에서부터 정합을 시작한다. 정합 정확도가 좋을 경우 블록의 크기를 조금 확대한 후 본 논문에서 정한 정합 기준이 만족될 때가지 정합 과정을 반복한다. 실험 결과는 제안한 가변적인 블록정합 방법이 보다 정확한 블록 단위의 동작벡터를 추출함을 보여준다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제6권7호
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• pp.1832-1840
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• 1999

기존의 한국어 웹 정보 검색 시스템은 대부분이 불리언 검색 시스템이므로 사용자가 원하는 정보를 한 번의 질의에 의해 얻기가 매우 어렵다. 또한 생략이 빈번하고 링크가 많은 웹 문서의 특성상 기존의 역문헌 빈도에 의한 키워드 선정은 중의성의 문제를 가중시켜 부적절한 키워드가 추출된다. 따라서 원하는 정보를 얻을 때까지 사용자는 질의어의 수정을 반복한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 연관 피드백(Relevace Feedback) 에이전트 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다. 연관 피드백 에이전트 시스템은 사용자의 선호 키워드에 대한 적합 문서를 추출하여 선호 키워드를 선호 DB 테이블로 저장하였다가 사용자가 추후에 검색할 때 사용자 질의에 연관 키워드를 추가하여 검색한다. 이 결과로 사용자의 질의 수정의 횟수를 줄이고 검색 효율을 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제36권
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• pp.37-59
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• 2014

William Wordsworth's "The Thorn" revolves around the following questions: Who is Martha? Why does she go to the mountain top and repeat her doleful cry? To these questions, it gives us two different kinds of answers; one derives from the villagers, and the other from the narrator. This essay attempts to examine how the answers exemplify two different critical approaches to the problem of community, using Jacques Lacan's account of sexual difference in his seminar on Encore as a guiding thread of analysis. The important thing to retain here is that sexual difference in Lacan's seminar on Encore does not so much indicate biological determinations as two distinct forms of relating to the other which are intimately bound up with the question of how a community is constructed and maintained. The first form, called "masculine," suggests that it is a radical exception to a community that makes possible the community as a field of totality or sameness; the second form, called "feminine," shows that each of the subjects cannot be regarded as a member of a closed community which is guaranteed by the exceptionality, but as an exception that is radically singular. This in turn leads us to consider the possibility that the masculine form has to do with the villagers' effort to distinguish themselves from Martha and the feminine form with the way in which the narrator confronts and represents her. In the course of his formulation of sexuation graph, Lacan stresses that the masculine side must be supplemented by the feminine side, which allows us to elaborate on why, concerning Martha, the narrator does not just keep the completely different position from the villagers'. This is to say that the villagers' representation of Martha as an exception to the community should be supplemented by the narrator's attempt to tell Martha's story as the villagers do and at the same time to capture something of her enigmatic unrepresentability. Bearing in mind Charles Shepherdson's elaboration of traumatic memory, this essay also tries to clarify how the narrator preserves and even transmits something of Martha's truth that is embodied in her uncontrollable and unassimilable cry.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제42권10호
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• pp.693-701
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• 2019

Plants monitor changes in day length to coordinate their flowering time with appropriate seasons. In Arabidopsis, the diel and seasonal regulation of CONSTANS (CO) protein stability is crucial for the induction of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene in long days. FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1 (FKF1) and ZEITLUPE (ZTL) proteins control the shape of CO expression profile antagonistically, although regulation mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we show that GIGANTEA (GI) protein modulates the stability and nuclear function of FKF1, which is closely related to the stabilization of CO in the afternoon of long days. The abundance of FKF1 protein is decreased by the gi mutation, but increased by GI overexpression throughout the day. Unlike the previous report, the translocation of FKF1 to the nucleus was not prevented by ZTL overexpression. In addition, the FKF1-ZTL complex formation is higher in the nucleus than in the cytosol. GI interacts with ZTL in the nucleus, implicating the attenuation of ZTL activity by the GI binding and, in turn, the sequestration of FKF1 from ZTL in the nucleus. We also found that the CO-ZTL complex presents in the nucleus, and CO protein abundance is largely reduced in the afternoon by ZTL overexpression, indicating that ZTL promotes CO degradation by capturing FKF1 in the nucleus under these conditions. Collectively, our findings suggest that GI plays a pivotal role in CO stability for the precise control of flowering by coordinating balanced functional properties of FKF1 and ZTL.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2017

창의적 모듈형 완구의 동작 구현을 위하여 동작을 기록하고 또한 읽어서 반복 동작하는 방식의 움직임이 요구된다. 이 때 완구 동작용 모터 출력축에는 전위차계를 사용하여 절대 회전각을 읽어서 제어를 수행하게 된다. 하지만 전위차계의 감지 영역의 불안정한 부분이 일정 영역에 존재하게 되는데 이로 인한 모터 제어의 불안정을 가져올 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 2개의 전위차계를 한 축에 장착시켜 안정된 영역을 각각 읽어서 1회전 절대각을 찾는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 그리고 다중 회전을 수행 시 필요로 하는 보정 알고리즘에 대해서도 기술하였다. 제안된 방식은 실제 토포보 모듈라 완구에 적용하여 동작을 기록하고 반복 동작을 수행하여 효과적으로 동작됨을 보였다. 아울러 다 회전 동작을 기록하고 동작 시켜 제안된 방식의 유용성을 제시하였다. 향 후 다양한 동작을 통하여 기록과 재생의 기능을 확대해 나갈 것이다.