• BMB Reports
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.521-526
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• 2020

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are retrotransposons present in various metazoan genomes and have been implicated in metazoan evolution as well as in nematodes and humans. The long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons contain several regulatory sequences including promoters and enhancers that regulate endogenous gene expression and thereby control organismal development and response to environmental change. ERVs including the LTR retrotransposons constitute 8% of the human genome and less than 0.6% of the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) genome, a nematode genetic model system. To investigate the evolutionarily conserved mechanism behind the transcriptional activity of retrotransposons, we generated a transgenic worm model driving green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression using Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV)-K LTR as a promoter. The promoter activity of HERV-K LTR was robust and fluorescence was observed in various tissues throughout the developmental process. Interestingly, persistent GFP expression was specifically detected in the adult vulva muscle. Using deletion constructs, we found that the region from positions 675 to 868 containing the TATA box was necessary for promoter activity driving gene expression in the vulva. Interestingly, we found that the promoter activity of the LTR was dependent on che-1 transcription factor, a sensory neuron driver, and lin-15b, a negative regulator of RNAi and germline gene expression. These results suggest evolutionary conservation of the LTR retrotransposon activity in transcriptional regulation as well as the possibility of che-1 function in non-neuronal tissues.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2012

철도차량은 사용기간이 길고 철로 위를 달리기 때문에 마모, 진동이 심하여 다른 교통수단에 비해 정비비용이 많이 소요된다. 이에 따라 정비최적화는 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 코레일에서 운용하고 있는 철도차량 정비현황을 분석해 보고 개선방안을 찾고자 하였다. 특히, 차량정비인력이 많이 소요되는 일상검수에 대해 가장 효율적인 정비 주기와 방법을 적용하고자 하였다. 철도차량은 컴퓨터시스템 적용으로 자가진단이 가능하고 과거에 비해 차량의 품질이 많이 향상되었으나, 현행 일상검수는 관례적으로 짧은 기간 시행해야 한다는 측면에서 현재 비효율적인 측면을 시급히 개선해야 함은 당연하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 차량의 상태를 반영한 개선된 일상검수 주기를 적용하여 차량의 신뢰성 확보와 정비비용을 최소화하고자 한다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 1999년도 제17회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.204-204
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• 1999

The plasma source ion implantation(PSII) technique which is a method using high negative voltage pulse in plasma system has the potential to change the surface properties of polymer. PSII technique increase the surface free energy by introducing polar functional groups on the surface so that it improves reactivity, hydrophilicity, adhension, biocompatability, etc. However, the mobility of polymer chains enables the modified surface layers to adapt their composition to interfacial force. This hydrophobic recovery interrupts the stability of modified surfaces to keep for the long time. In this study, poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)(PHEMA), and polu(2-hydroxypropyl methacylate)(PHPMA) for contact lens application, were modified to improve the wettability with PSII technique and were investigated the surface stabilities. Polymer film was prepared with solution casting(3 wt.% solution) and was annealed at 11$0^{\circ}C$ under vacuum oven to remove solvent completely and to eliminate physical ageing. The thickness of the film measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface profilometer was about 10${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Polymers were treated with different kinds of gases, pulse frequency, pulse with, pulse voltage, and treatment time. Even though PMMA, PHEMA, and PHPMA have similar repeat unit structure, the optimal treatment conditions and the tendency to hydrophobic recovery were different. PHPMA, more hydrophilic polymer than PMMA and PHEMA showd better wettability and stability after mild treatment. Surface tensions were obtained by water and diiodomethane contact angle measurements to monitor the relation between hydrophobic recovery and polymer structure. Different ion species in plasma change the polar component and dispersion component of polymer surface. For better wettability surface, the increase of polar component was a dominant factor. We also characterized modified polymer surfaces using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), and SEM.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.623-628
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• 2006

Sopung-san(SPS; prescription No. DO27), a herbal medicine prescribed by oriental hospital of Daegu fanny University, has been used as cure for pruritus and psoriasis. To evaluate anti-inflammatory effect of Sopung-san, we treated Sopung-san extract in animal model system induced contact hypersensitivity. Contact hypersensitivity, a local inflammatory response of the skin, was induced by 1% DNCB on the right ear of BALB/C mouse. Sopung-san was prepared as water extract and administrated everyday for 2 weeks per oral. A right ear of mouse was potently swelled by 1% of DNCB treatment, but a mouse ear thickness was significantly reduced by Sopung-san after 2 weeks. treatment. Sopung-san reduced IgG in serum obtained from blood of 1 % DNCB-treated mouse. IgE in serum was not changed by DNCB and/or Sopung-san treatment. $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 from ear tissue were significantly increased by DNCB, Dut were not reduced by Sopung-san. From these results, anti-inflammatory effect of Sopung-san, especially reduction of ear swelling, might be partly due to reduction of IgG in serum.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2011

스마트폰의 보급량이 증가하면서 이동성과 휴대성이 강조된 모바일 검색이 주목 받고 있다. 그러나 모바일 검색을 위한 일반적인 키워드 입력 수단은 키패드로 제한되어 있다. 키패드는 모바일 기기가 갖는 이동성과 휴대성에 적합하지 않다는 단점을 갖는다. 이를 보완하기 위해 음성을 이용한 검색이 등장 하였지만, 이 또한 단점을 지니고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 다양한 상황에서의 정보 접근성을 향상 시키기 위해 이미지를 검색 수단으로 사용하는 검색 시스템을 제안한다. 본 콘텐츠는 안드로이드 플랫폼 기반의 스마트폰에서 이미지를 얻어 텍스트를 추출하고, 이를 검색 엔진의 키워드로 입력하여 그 결과를 출력하는 과정을 거친다. 또한, 검색 결과를 스마트폰의 내장 데이터베이스에 저장하고, 이를 관리하여 추후에 재사용할 수 있도록 한다. 실험을 통해 인식 가능한 이미지의 특성을 분석하고, 본 콘텐츠의 기능을 소개한다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2011

The Nramp1/Slc11a1 locus encodes a proton-coupled divalent cation transporter, expressed in late endosomes/lysosomes of macrophages, that constitutes a component of the innate immune response to combat intracellular pathogens and it was shown to play an important role in regulating inherent immunity. The previously identified Z-DNA forming polymorphic repeat(GT)n in the promoter region of the human Nramp1 gene does act as a functional polymorphism influencing gene expression. Research has shown that INF-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and bacteria LPS increase the level of Nramp1 expression. However, the molecular mechanism for Nramp1 gene regulation is unclear. In this research, bovine Nramp1 5'-flanking region (-1748~+769) was cloned and analyzed by bioinformatics. Then to find the core promoter and the cis-acting elements, deletion analysis of promoter was performed using a set of luciferase reporter gene constructs containing successive deletions of the bovine Nramp1 5'-flanking regions. Promoter activity analysis by the dual luciferase reporter assay system showed that the core promoter of Nramp1 was located at +58~-89 bp. Some positive regulatory elements are located at -89~-205 bp and -278~-1495 bp. And the repressor elements were in region -205~-278 bp, intron1 and -1495~-1748 bp. LPS-responsive regions were located at -1495~-1748 bp and -278~-205 bp. The present study provides an initial effort to explore the molecular mechanism of transcriptional activation of the bovine Nramp1 gene and should facilitate further studies to decode the complex regulatory process and for molecular breeding for disease resistance in bovines.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2013년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.409-411
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• 2013

본 논문은 인접 심볼 간의 간섭(ISI)이 발생하지 않는 최대 데이터 전송률인 Nyquist rate 보다 빠르게 데이터를 전송하는 방법인 Faster than Nyquist(FTN)을 다룬다. FTN 신호는 인접 심볼 간의 간섭을 일으키지만, 신호대역폭을 유지하면서 비트 전송률을 증가시킨다. 그러므로 FTN에 의한 ISI를 보상해주는 것이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 FTN 신호를 제안하는 BCJR Equalizer 와 Turbo Equali zation을 이용하여 복호한다. BCJR Equalizer를 이용하여 최대한 인접 심볼 간의 간섭을 복원한 신호를 LDPC 복호기에 입력해주어 복호를 한다. 그리고 이 과정을 반복하는 Turbo Equalization을 이용해 성능을 높인다. 마지막으로 FTN 신호의 축소 %별로 성능을 비교한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2010

최근의 스마트폰, 임베디드시스템 등의 정보통신 단말기는 데이터의 송 수신 및 분산처리 등의 업무를 수행하기 위하여 데이터의 크기를 축소시키는 압축률 향상이 매우 크게 대두되어졌다. 일반적으로 텍스트의 압축에는 LZW(Lempel Ziv Welch)알고리즘을 활용하고 있다. 그러나 LZW알고리즘은 1Byte 조합형 텍스트(알파벳 등)의 압축에는 효율적이나 2Byte 완성형 텍스트(한글 등)에 압축률이 현저하게 저하되는 단점을 가지고 있다. 이를 극복하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 2Byte 전위 필드(prefix)와 반복 계수를 위한 1Byte 후위 필드(suffix)를 사용하는 확장된 ELZW(EBCDIC Lempel Ziv Welch)알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안 알고리즘은 압축률 증가를 위해 압축사전을 구성하여, 알파벳, 한글, 포인터에 따라 각각 서로 다른 비트 스트링으로 적절하게 패킹된다. 제안하는 알고리즘의 성능분석을 위하여 각 140,355byte의 영문, 한글, 한영혼용 텍스트를 비교 실험하였고, 실험결과 제안한 ELZW알고리즘의 압축률은 기존의 1Byte 방식의 LZW 알고리즘보다 5.22% 더 우수하고, 2Byte LZW 알고리즘 보다 8.96% 더 우수함을 보였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.163-164
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• 2018

CONSTANS (CO) induces the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in the photoperiodic pathway, and thereby regulates the seasonal timing of flowering. CO expression is induced and CO protein is stabilized by FLAVIN-BINDING KELCH REPEAT F-BOX PROTEIN 1 (FKF1) in the late afternoon, while CO is degraded by CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) during the night. These regulatory cascades were thought to act independently. In our study, we investigated the relationship between FKF1 and COP1 in the regulation of CO stability in response to ambient light conditions. A genetic analysis revealed that FKF1 acts as a direct upstream negative regulator of COP1, in which cop1 mutation is epistatic to fkf1 mutation in the photoperiodic regulation of flowering. COP1 activity requires the formation of a hetero-tetramer with SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 (SPA1), [$(COP1)_2(SPA1)_2$]. Light-activated FKF1 has an increased binding capacity for COP1, forming a FKF1-COP1 hetero-dimer, and inhibiting COP1 homo-dimerization at its coiled-coil (CC) domain. Mutations in the CC domain result in poor COP1 dimerization and misregulation of photoperiodic floral induction. We propose that FKF1 represses COP1 activity by inhibiting COP1 dimerization in the late afternoon under long-day conditions, resulting in early flowering.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.257-260
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• 2015

Reproductive disorders in cows cause economic loss in livestock farms. Reproductive diseases, such as follicular cyst, luteal cyst, endometritis, pyometra, and repeat breeding cause infertility. Among these diseases, endometritis and pyometra are uterine infections that are leading causes of infertility. This study was performed to investigate the causative agents of uterine diseases using bacterial culture. Bacteria were obtained from the reproductive organs (vagina, uterine cervix, and uterine horn) of dairy cow diagnosed with endometritis or pyometra, and cultured on blood agar. The colonies obtained from cultivation for 24 hours were passaged. To identify the bacteria, the colonies grown in passaged culture Gram stained and applied to an automatic biochemical microbial identification system. Escherichia coli were commonly detected in vagina, uterine cervix, and uterine horn of dairy cows diagnosed to pyometra. The cows having endometritis showed not only Escherichia coli but also Pantoea spp. and Klebsiella spp. strains. Dairy cows that were infected with Escherichia coli in uterus caused mastitis or digestive disease. These results suggest that sanitary feeding and management beforehand are needed to prevent bacterial infections.