• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.398-410
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• 2011

Over the past few decades, our understanding of the epidemiology and immunopathogenesis of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has made enormous advances. Consequently, the treatment of HL has changed significantly, rendering this disease of the most curable human cancers. To date, about 80% of patients achieve long-term disease-free survival. However, therapeutic challenges still remain, particularly regarding the salvage strategies for relapsed and refractory disease, which need further identification of better prognostic markers and novel therapeutic schemes. Although the precise molecular mechanism by which Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes to the generation of malignant cells present in HL still remains unknown, current increasing data on the role of EBV in the pathobiology of HL have encouraged people to start developing novel and specific therapeutic strategies for EBV-associated HL. This review will provide an overview of therapeutic approaches for acute EBV infection and the classical form of HL (cHL), especially focusing on EBV-associated HL cases.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2021

The evolution of X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been based on the discovery of X-rays, the inception of the Radon transform, and the development of X-ray digital data acquisition systems and computer technology. Unlike conventional X-ray imaging (general radiography), CT reconstructs cross-sectional anatomical images of the internal structures according to X-ray attenuation coefficients (approximate tissue density) for almost every region in the body. This article reviews the essential physical principles and technical aspects of the CT scanner, including several notable evolutions in CT technology that resulted in the emergence of helical, multidetector, cone beam, portable, dual-energy, and phase-contrast CT, in integrated imaging modalities, such as positron-emission-tomography-CT and single-photon-emission-computed-tomography-CT, and in clinical applications, including image acquisition parameters, CT angiography, image adjustment, versatile image visualizations, volumetric/surface rendering on a computer workstation, radiation treatment planning, and target localization in radiotherapy. The understanding of CT characteristics will provide more effective and accurate patient care in the fields of diagnostics and radiotherapy, and can lead to the improvement of image quality and the optimization of exposure doses.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.221-224
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• 2013

Despite the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) has been widely used in anesthesia, its use is rare in the field of dentistry. Placing LMA in the oral cavity may interrupt dental treatment. However, there are some circumstances in which LMA is more advantageous than tracheal intubation for managing the airway. Especially, the reinforced LMA has a flexible tube shaft, rendering it more accessible for dental treatment. We report a case of dental treatment of a 3-year-old patient with hypoplastic left heart syndrome combined with pulmonary hypertension using reinforced LMA for airway management under general anesthesia. We also discuss the considerations of utilizing the reinforced LMA for dental treatment.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.270-274
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• 2015

We develop advanced oxidation processes for the treatment of spent electroless nickel plating solution. Apart form recovering nickel by leaching and enrichment, more emphasis is placed on rendering the waste water recyclable via oxidizing phosphite and hypophosphite into phosphate which can then be precipitated easily. $UV/H_2O_2$ process is employed and the conversion efficiency of COD and $PO_4-P$, and $H_2O_2$ consumption are analyzed. Furthermore, the $UV/H_2O_2/O_3$ process in conjunction with $O_3$ generator enables us to not only save the treatment time by 6 hours but also reduce $H_2O_2$ consumption by 30%.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.280-287
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• 2001

These studies aimed to determine how lighting might be used to improve feed intake and reduce aggressive behavior in newly weaned pigs. To examine whether this objective could be achieved an experiment was conducted to compare performance, behavior and body condition of weaners over 17-45 days, provided similar lighting quality (i.e. color temperature, color rendering index and lighting distribution) after weaning that piglets experienced prior to weaning. Triphosphor (TP) lighting to simulate daylight was provided during the day while at night, Pascal red (PR) lighting was provided to simulate the night-light piglets previously had received from infrared heating lamps. This treatment was compared to weaners provided conventional cool-white fluorescent light during the day only. Weaners on treatment lighting from 17-45 days of age showed no improvement in body weight or feed conversion at 24, 31, 38 and 45 days compared to the controls. There was, however, a significant improvement (p<0.05) in feed intake in the first week of weaning for weaners provided TP/PR lighting. Over the first 3 days of weaning, pigs on TP/PR lighting showed an increase (p<0.05) in the incidence of ear chewing but reduced (p<0.05) levels of nosing the abdomen of other pigs and reduced (p<0.05) occurrences of being stood on by other pigs. Females exhibited more (p<0.05) mounting and nosing behaviors and rubbing the heads of other pigs than males. On the other hand, males engaged in more (p<0.05) fighting, nipping, ear chewing and standing on other pigs compared to females. Pigs provided PR lighting on the first night of weaning engaged in higher (p<0.05) incidences of nosing and tail sucking behaviors, more (p<0.05) head thrusting, fighting and ear chewing compared to control pigs. The body condition of weaners provided the TP/PR lighting treatment was significantly poorer (p<0.05) compared to weaners on control lighting. In conclusion there was no improvement in production performance of weaners provided new technology lighting apart from the improvement in feed intake in the first week weaners were exposed to the TP/PR lighting.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.45-66
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• 2008

Refuse collection, one of important elements in reverse logistics, is an activity rendering recyclables or wastes and moving them to some points where further treatment is required. Among various decisions in the collection activity, we focus on network design, which is the problem of locating collection points as well as allocating refuses at demand points to collection points while satisfying the capacity restriction at each collection point. Here, the collection point is the place where recyclables or wastes near the point are gathered, and locating the collection points is done by selecting them from a given set of potential sites. The objective is to minimize the sum of fixed costs to open collection points and transportation costs to move refuses from demand points to collection points. An integer programming model is developed to represent the problem mathematically and due to the complexity of the problem, two types of heuristics, one with simultaneous and the others with separate location and allocation, are suggested. Computational experiments were done on test problems up to 500 potential sites, and the results are reported. In particular, some heuristics gave near optimal solutions for small-size test problems, i.e., 2% gaps in average from the optimal solution values.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.2-10
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• 2013

A common failure in endodontic treatment of the permanent maxillary first molars is likely to be caused by an inability to locate, clean, and obturate the second mesiobuccal (MB) canals. Because of the importance of knowledge on these additional canals, there have been numerous studies which investigated the maxillary first molar MB root canal morphology using in vivo and laboratory methods. In this article, the protocols, advantages and disadvantages of various methodologies for in-depth study of maxillary first molar MB root canal morphology were discussed. Furthermore, newly identified configuration types for the establishment of new classification system were suggested based on two image reformatting techniques of micro-computed tomography, which can be useful as a further 'Gold Standard' method for in-depth morphological study of complex root canal systems.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.145-152
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• 2006

Radiographic contrast medium may cause tissue injury by extravasation during intravenous automated injection during CT examination. A large - volume extravasation (140 mL) occurred in an adult during contrast-enhanced CT The patient had a swelling and injury on the dorsum right hand of intravenous catheter region. The extravasation injury site was determined by CT scanning. The extavasation compartment syndrome case was examined using four separate display techniques. These 3D MDCT findings might help to determine the best course of treatment for patient with contrast extravasation. 3D image reconstructions provide accurate views of high-resolution and soft-tissue imaging. This paper introduces extravasation with the radiography and 3D MDCT findings.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.139-148
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• 2016

Chronic patients and staffs in healthcare facilities cannot avoid long-term stays indoors. Therefore, they need to get adequate amounts of sunlight to prevent diseases caused by vitamin D deficiency. This is a case study on the advanced daylighting systems installed to healthcare facilities for therapeutic environments as serving natural light therapy and a pleasant atmosphere. This paper shows daylighting devices that overcome the structural limits of architectural design solutions for inducing natural light. This study presents appropriate daylighting technologies to the purpose and types of healthcare facilities by analyzing therapeutic environmental factors. Natural light delivered through daylighting devices help directly patients recover. In addition, it can improve healthcare providers' performance and productivity, and reduce their errors, thereby creating therapeutic environments for patients, indirectly. Excellent color rendering of solar illumination is also a powerful tool for navigation and wayfinding in the buildings, and for aesthetic treatment in dental office. Furthermore, daylighting systems are streamlined and require the least material and space to attract sunlight up to the deeper inside. But because of expensive cost, they have not yet been widespread. Though daylighting devices are typically more expensive than artificial illuminations to install, the running cost savings can compensate for the initial installation cost. With the development of technology in the future, the market price of them is expected to be formed properly.

• BMB Reports
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 2018

The Hippo pathway plays prominent and widespread roles in various forms of human carcinogenesis. Specifically, the Yes-associated protein (YAP), a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, can lead to excessive cell proliferation and the inhibition of apoptosis, resulting in tumorigenesis. It was reported that the YAP is strongly elevated in multiple types of human malignancies such as breast, lung, small intestine, colon, and liver cancers. Recent work indicates that, surprisingly, Hippo signaling components' (SAV1, MST1/2, Lats1/2) mutations are virtually absent in human cancer, rendering this signaling an unlikely candidate to explain the vigorous activation of the YAP in most, if not all human tumors and an activated YAP promotes the resistance to RAF-, MAPK/ERK Kinase (MEK)-, and Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted inhibitor therapy. The analysis of YAP expressions can facilitate the identification of patients who respond better to an anti-cancer drug treatment comprising RAF-, MEK-, and EGFR-targeted inhibitors. The prominence of YAP for those aspects of cancer biology denotes that these factors are ideal targets for the development of anti-cancer medications. Therefore, our report strongly indicates that the YAP is of potential prognostic utility and druggability in various human cancers.