• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.59-76
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• 2006

This research focuses on the relationship between mathematics and visual art from a perspective of chaos theory which emerged under the influence of post-modernism. Culture and history, which transform dynamically with the passing of time, are models of complexity. Especially, when the three periods of Medieval, Renaissance, and 17-18 Centuries are observed, the Renaissance period is phase transition phenomenon era between Medieval and 17-18 Centuries. The transition stage between the late Medieval times and the Renaissance; and the stage between the Renaissance and the Modern times are also phase transitions. These phenomena closely resemble similarity in Fractal theory, which includes the whole in a partial structure. Phase transition must be preceded by fluctuation. In addition to the pioneers' prominent act of creation in the fields of mathematics and visual an serving as drive behind change, other socio-cultural factors also served as motivations, influencing the transformation of the society through interdependency. In particular, this research focuses on the fact that scientific minds of artists in the Renaissance stimulated the birth of Perspective Geometry.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-56
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• 2020

The study of Putin's Russia should be placed in a broad historiographical context, prevailing in the West. While in the beginning of the post-Soviet era, most observers believed that Russia would reach a Fukuyamian "end of history," the situation is quite different now. At present, Western observers see Putin's Russia as the manifestation of authoritarianism. While this assumption is undoubtedly true, it does not provide much insight into the regime's operational model. Here, a comparison with Renaissance and early modern Europe might provide a clue to the operational model of the regime. Similar to early modern European rulers, Putin limits the use of direct and wide use of force, preferring manipulation, corruption, and the targeted killing of his most important enemies. In foreign policy, Putin has tried to avoid wholesale conflicts and broadly uses mercenaries, whose relationships with the Kremlin are downplayed. The similarities between Putin's regime and early modern European regimes do not mean that their destinies will be the same. In Europe, the Renaissance led to centralized states, whereas in Russia, the "Renaissance" could well lead to the country's disintegration.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 2003

Nowadays, retro to the past fashion is appeared just as often as new challenge and trial. The style of Renaissance Era is the most often revival theme for contemporary fashion. So, this study was focused on 16C of Renaissance costume. It is investigated the characteristics of Renaissance costume through referring the literature to be able to restore the past costume as through as possible with the object of building database for developing new design. This study is done in two different ways at the same time, direct study to restore and indirect study to refer. Direct one is of the past costume as thoroughas possible based on referring to the originals. The other is referring the costume historical literature The costumes to restore is chosen among 16C famous pictures on the basis of how much they can show the typical chracteristics of 16C costume. Materials including textiles and ornaments which are necessarily to restore were shopped in Dongdeamoon Market. Some materials had a problem to get exactly the same one in Seoul on 21C. After visiting imes, the materials is chosen as similar as originals. Three sets of costume were restored on the basis of referring "Pattern of Fashion" written by Janet Arnold. The costumes were restored by reinforcing bodice based on the size of waist and in every three works. The way of sewing is based on hand sewing for details and machin-sewing for seam. Quilting intl lining is uwed giving the fabric stiffness to maintain the form from the heavy padding. Also the part of piles on margins is used darts instead of gather, because of reducing bulkiness of seam. General closing methods are hook and eyes, and lacing with points.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.231-247
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• 2014

This paper focuses on the dynamic behaviour of Mirandola City Hall (a XV century Renaissance Palace) that was severely damaged during May 2012 Emilia earthquake in Northern Italy. Experimental investigations have been carried out on this monumental building. Firstly, detailed investigations have been carried out to identify the identification of the geometry of the main constructional parts as well as the mechanical features of the constituting materials of the palace. Then, Ambient Vibration Tests (AVT) have been applied, for the detection of the main dynamic features. Three output-only identification methods have been compared: (i) the Frequency Domain Decomposition, (ii) the Random Decrement (RD) and the (iii) Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA). The modal parameters of the Palace were difficult to be identified due to the severe structural damage; however the two bending modes in the perpendicular directions were identified. The comparison of the three experimental techniques showed a good agreement confirming the reliability of the three identification methods.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

The formative exaggeration phenomenon, which makes the plastic space, escaping from the form peculiar to the human body, is being developed into the more diversified and abstract structure. This study analyzed the form and shape of costumes with objective attitude through the use of an oppositional concept method, which Delong presented from the formative viewpoint. Delong's theory, which was presented in this study, can be said to be one index that analyzed the form and shape of costumes. The costumes of the Renaissance Era, in which formative exaggeration is remarkable, are determinate in that they are closed and static, and can be classified into part, planer separation, and flat. The costumes of the Baroque and Rococo Eras are divided into similar formative perspectives, and can be said to be open, whole, and integrated due to indeterminate and diverse decorations. Entering modern times, the formative-exaggeration phenomenon in costumes of the Romantic Era are characterized by closed, part, and planer separation similar to costumes of the Renaissance Era. However, in the aspect of sleeve design and decoration, the characteristics of determinate and indeterminate were considered.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.191-206
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• 2017

Langston Hughes (1902-67) and Richard Wright (1908-60) lived in almost the same era, but it is obvious that their ways of describing the people, who are manipulated by gender-based controlling images, are different. Both Wright and Hughes try to reveal how reality is disturbed by the black men's and white women's prevailing stereotypes; however, their works have very different tones. In Richard Wright's short story, "The Man Who Killed a Shadow," and Langston Hughes' poems in his early days, "Silhouette" and "The South," the stereotyped images of black masculinity and white womanhood are transformed and destroyed. While Hughes celebrates the black culture amicably, Wright depicts completely hopeless black men living in the world dominated by white supremacy. This difference is indicative of the shifting views from Harlem Renaissance to Post-Harlem Renaissance. While romantic tones can be still found in Hughes' poems, Wright subverts the power dynamics between the black man and the white woman, and completely ruins sentimentality which tends to be attached to the Southern stories in the $19^{th}$ century.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.75-85
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• 2005

This study analyzed the factors of change of women's underwear in the Renaissance, which had a sudden change of shape. First, the spirit of the Renaissance was focused on human-attached importance to glamorous beauty of the body and pursued the glamorous well-proportioned figure as the ideal of the human body. This expressed a woman's beautiful curved lines by reduction of their waist size and emphasis of breast and hip lines. It also created and emphasized one's physical figure, which is a characteristic of sex. Also the materials and size of underwear cleared up the classification of class. Second, through the development of weaving techniques, more textiles were produced, from linen, the most common material used, to silk in underwear and stomacher, and chemise, which was made more splendid be devising elaborate embroidery techniques. Third, as we know that the farthingale was devised in Spain and transmitted to France because of the prevalence of printing and trade, where it changed and developed to more convenient style, this shows that information interchange was active, and we can see the phenomenon that it is developing continually through the prevalence of printing and trade.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.30
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• pp.275-294
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• 1996

In fashion there was a move away from the ascetic of the Gothic according to the appear-ance of a new spirit at the beginning of the fourteenth centuries initially in Italy. The new spirit Humanism applied their interest not to the universal but to the individual and particular. The Renaissace costume style based on the Humanism was sharp angled and curvy and had a grotesque silhouette with the exaggerated and tense decorations. The purpose of this study is researching the background led to the balanced costume style characterized by unique details. out of the tastte for luxury and beauty grew a new style known as slashing in which seams were left open and colored linigs thrust through or cuts were made in an entire cos-tume and contrasting material puffed out of the cuts. With the slashes another element was characterized in the high Renaissance cos-tume style that was the use of points or lace to hold a costume together. For the masculint costumes pads became into a fashion and were used for forming the antinatural artificial and bulky silhouettes. The body was distorted and tensed by putting the pads into the sleeves and bodice. The jacket with a full rounded bodice like a bow known as peascod belly and haut de chausses a onion-shaped trunk hose with a codipiece ap-peared and grew one of the most characteristic of Renaissance style. According to these sociological changes the view of the beauty based on the human body and in both of men and women the costume style was changed very much to emphasixed their physical beauty and finally it grew a grotesque style and even more a exposed style that exposed a part of their body. Those backgrounds as were stated above can be said to lead to the appearance of the grotesque style in the Renaissance Age.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.21-38
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• 2007

If we take account of the 'Architectural Tradition' which aims a construction of better environment, we can see that this tradition has ended historically toward Utopia. It is a continual trend from ancient Greece to contemporary epoch in each transitional periods and especially in the Renaissance Era. Utopia is an ideal commonwealth in which inhabitants exist under perfect conditions, ideally perfect places or state of things. The plans of utopia are complete projects of image, its goal is an social, political and economical improvement according to the eras. Its plans are characterized by rigid geometrical pattern as circle and square, which contain generally center axis symmetry enclosure. Recent urban and architectural circumstances no longer reflect utopian visions. Since the latter of the 20th century, it appears dystopia on the contrary. Therefore, the utopian ideal city and architecture describes characteristics of the era unlike the continuity of its concept.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.34
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• pp.106-113
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• 2002

Certosa, a representative Monastic Architecture of Renaissance era, has been well preserved. And it has worked as a symbol of the space form & style revealed by monad, sell, arcade and court, which are characteristic of a monastery. A court is divided into large court and small one, and it connects each units and each sells through the annex with clarifying each space identities. And arcade and pillar is not only to derive a unitary space from entire space, but also to try openness and extension applying a different height in spite of physical closure of style. Especially planned by monad and cell, the routine space of monks, a structure of rational space is a yardstick of moderation and frugality, showing affluent space which occupy essential areas without extra space. And the space appears self-sufficiency, honest poverty, and affluence with order and eternity based on elementary principles of the Cartusio order in composition and plan of the space. Keeping strong linking with entire sells in the monastery, Each sell symbolizes entire sells, and the inverse is the same. And it is the universe advocating eternity and it is also a small city which provides the monks with accurate modules and scales in the very recluse space.