• Title/Summary/Keyword: Removed soil area

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Quantitative Evaluation for Improvement Effects of Performance After Mechanical Rehabilitation Treatments on Agricultural Groundwater Well (농업용 관정의 기계적 처리 이후 성능 개선 효과의 정량적 평가 사례)

  • Song, Sung-Ho;Lee, Byung-Sun;An, Jung-Gi
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.42-49
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    • 2016
  • Step-drawdown pumping tests for identifying the improvement of groundwater well performance after rehabilitation treatments were conducted in three longstanding wells. Three selective mechanical treatment methods including power bubble, high-voltage electric pulse, and air surging were applied to these wells and the applicability of these methods to secure additional groundwater resources were evaluated quantitatively. Commonly, drawdown at final stage of stepdrawdown pumping tests after rehabilitation decreased by as much as 0.61~0.70 meters compared to those before rehabilitation. In addition, final specific drawdown values of three wells increased from 9% to 14% after rehabilitation. Formation loss coefficient and well loss coefficient decreased to 6.1% and 60.6%, respectively, indicating some clogging materials by precipitation/corrosion/microbe within pores of aquifer materials, gravel packs, and screens were effectively removed by applied methods. Decrease of formation loss coefficient was higher in the well applied by the power bubble method meanwhile high-voltage electric pulse method demonstrated the higher decrease of well loss coefficient. Additionally secured groundwater amounts after rehabilitation ranged from 23.3 to 32.1 m3/day, which account for 8~16% of initially developed pumping rates of the wells. From the results of this study, the effective selection of rehabilitation treatments considering aquifer characteristics are expected to contribute to secure groundwater resources for irrigation as well as to plan systematic management program for groundwater resources in rural area.

Study of the Performance of a Dry Cleaning Method for Polluted Ballast Gravel of Railroad Fields (철도부지 오염도상자갈의 건식 정화 기술 성능 연구)

  • Cho, Youngmin;Park, Duckshin;Kwon, Tae-Soon;Lee, Jae-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.552-557
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    • 2015
  • Ballast gravel in a railroad field is often polluted by grease and heavy metals. In this paper, the performances of a dry cleaning method for polluted ballast gravel in which pollutants on the gravel surface can be physically removed was extensively studied. A polluted ballast cleaning device able to shoot emery blasting media onto the surface using compressed air was prepared. Polluted ballast gravel was put into this device for cleaning, with the treatment time varied from 1 to 10 min. The cleaning efficiency of the total petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals were studied. The total petroleum hydrocarbon removal efficiency was 70-80% for gravels sampled from a locomotive waiting line, while it was 40-60% for gravels sampled from a turnout area. The heavy metal removal efficiency exceeded 90% for copper and lead, while it was 65-80% for nickel and zinc. This system was found to be effective for the remediation of polluted ballast gravels.

Loading Characteristics of Non-Point Source Pollutants by Rainfall - Case Study with Sweet Potato Plot - (강우시 비점오염원의 오염부하 특성 - 고구마 재배지를 대상으로 -)

  • Kang, Mee-A;Jo, Soo-Hyun;Choi, Byoung-Woo;Yoon, Young-Sam;Lee, Jae-Kwan
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.365-371
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    • 2009
  • This paper address the characteristics of loading pollutants caused by the unit agricultural area to establish an efficient management method in NPS (non-point source). The relationship between rainfall and runoff shows good coefficient with 0.92, when the event which shows relatively long antecedent dry days is excepted. The impact of runoff volume on the runoff coefficient can be described by the rainfall intensity strongly. The pollutant EMCs (event mean concentrations) in runoff increased by the increase of antecedent dry days due to dry soil conditions. As the similar pattern of pollutant's loads such as TSS, BOD, COD, TN and TP, it is cleared that other pollutants can be removed when TSS is removed. Therefore the system using only runoff coefficients is not sufficient for the prediction of pollutant loads. It is necessary to consider soil conditions such as rainfall, antecedent dry day, antecedent rainfall etc. for the prediction system.

Blade Type Field Vs Probe for Evaluation of Soft Soils (연약지반 평가를 위한 블레이드 타입 현장 전단파 속도 프로브)

  • Yoon, Hyung-Koo;Lee, Chang-Ho;Eom, Yong-Hun;Lee, Jong-Sub
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.23 no.12
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    • pp.33-42
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    • 2007
  • The assessment of shear wave velocity($V_s$) in soft soils is extremely difficult due to the soil disturbances during sampling and field access. After a ring type field $V_s$ probe(FVP) has been developed, it has been applied at the southern coastal area of the Korean peninsular. This study presents the upgraded FVP "blade type FVP", which minimizes soil disturbance during penetration. Design concerns of the blade type FVP include the tip shape, soil disturbance, transducers, protection of the cables, and the electromagnetic coupling between transducers and cables. The cross-talking between cables is removed by grouping and extra grounding of the cables. The shear wave velocity of the FVP is simply calculated by using the travel distance and the first arrival time. The large calibration chamber tests are carried out to investigate the disturbance effect due to the penetration of FVP blade and the validity of the shear waves measured by the FVP. The blade type FVP is tested in soils up to 30m in depth. The shear wave velocity is measured every 10cm. This study suggests that the upgraded blade type FVP may be an effective device for measuring the shear wave velocity with minimized soil disturbance in the field.

Optimum Transplanting Time for Extremely Early Rice Greenhouse Cultivation in the Southern Area (남부지역 시설하우스 벼 극조기재배의 안전작기 설정)

  • 최장수;안덕종;원종건;이승필;윤재탁;김길웅
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.191-199
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    • 2003
  • Optimum transplanting time for extremely early rice cultivation as an after-crop of fruit and vegetables under greenhouse conditions in the southern area was determined. Rice was transplanted on March 10, March 20, March 30, April 10 and April 20 far three years from 1998 to 2000. Meteorological computations for rice production were high for heading between early May and early July, but they were too low for heading between late July and early August. Especially the expected yield predicted with 35,000 spikelets, the average spikelets per $m^2$ for extremely early transplanting. Computation for heading between late July and early August was low by 106 kg/10a compared with that yield at heading during the same period in the field. As the transplanting date in extremely early rice cultivation was earlier) rice growth at early stages was more retarded by low temperature. Rice growth at heading stage recovered with high temperature, showing less difference for the transplanting date. Abnormal tillers occurred by 15.5∼22.2%. The contribution of 1,000 grain weight${\times}$ripened grain ratio to yield of the extremely early rice cultivation in the greenhouse was 50.6%, indicating 16% hi일or than the degree of panicle per $m^2$ on yield. The estimated optimum transplanting time on the basis of yield for the extremely early greenhouse rice cultivation ranged from March 19 to April 28, and the estimated critical transplanting date on the basis of accumulated effective temperature was March 12. Rice reduced the amount of NO$_3$-N by 97.1% and EC by 90.5% in greenhouse soil with continuous fruit/vegetables fer more than a 10-year period, and completely removed the root-knot nematodes.

Surfactant Enhanced In-Situ Soil Flushing Pilot Test for the Soil and Groundwater Remediation in an Oil Contaminated Site (계면활성제 원위치 토양 세정법을 이용한 유류 오염 지역 토양.지하수 정화 실증 시험)

  • 이민희;정상용;최상일;강동환;김민철
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.77-86
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    • 2002
  • Surfactant enhanced in-situ soil flushing was performed to remediate the soil and groundwater at an oil contaminated site, where had been used as a military vehicle repair area for 40 years. A section from the contaminated site (4.5 m $\times$ 4.5 m $\times$ 6.0 m) was selected for the research, which was composed of heterogeneous sandy and silt-sandy soils with average $K_d$ of 2.0$\times$$10^{-4}$cm/sec. Two percent of sorbitan monooleate (POE 20) and 0.07% of iso-prophyl alcohol were mixed for the surfactant solution and 3 pore volumes of surfactant solution were injected to remove oil from the contaminated section. Four injection wells and two extraction wells were built in the section to flush surfactant solution. Water samples taken from extraction wells and the storage tank were analyzed on a gas-chromatography (GC) for TPH concentration in the effluent with different time. Five pore volumes of solution were extracted while TPH concentration in soil and groundwater at the section were below the Waste Water Discharge Limit (WWDL). The effluent TPH concentration from wells with only water flushing was below 10 ppm. However, the effluent concentration using surfactant solution flushing increased to 1751 ppm, which was more than 170 times compared with the concentration with only water flushing. Total 18.5 kg of oil (TPH) was removed from the soil and groundwater at the section. The concentration of heavy metals in the effluent solution also increased with the increase of TPH concentration, suggesting that the surfactant enhanced in-situ flushing be available to remove not only oil but heavy metals from contaminated sites. The removal efficiency of surfactant enhanced in-situ flushing was investigated at the real contaminated site in Korea. Results suggest that in-situ soil flushing could be a successful process to remediate contaminated sites distributed in Korea.

Hydrogeochemical Research on the Characteristic of Chemical Weathering in a Granitic Gatchment (水文化學的 資料를 통한 花崗岩質 流域의 化學的 風化特性에 關한 硏究)

  • Park, Soo-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.1-15
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    • 1993
  • This research aims to investigate some respects of chemical weathering processes, espcially the amount of solute leaching, formation of clay minerals, and the chemical weathering rate of granite rocks under present climatic conditions. For this purpose, I investigated geochemical mass balance in a small catchment and the mineralogical composition of weathered bedrocks including clay mineral assemblages at four res-pective sites along one slope. The geochemical mass blance for major elements of rock forming minerals was calculated from precipitation and streamwater data which are measured every week for one year. The study area is a climatically and litholo-gically homogeneous small catchment($3.62Km^2$)in Anyang-shi, Kyounggi-do, Korea. The be-drock of this area id Anyang Granite which is composed of coarse-giained, pink-colored miner-als. Main rock forming minerals are quartz, K-Feldspar, albite, and muscovite. One of the chracteristics of this granite rock is that its amount of Ca and Mg is much lower than other granite rock. The leaching pattern in the weathering profiles is in close reltion to the geochemical mass balance. Therefore the removal or accumulation of dissolved materials shows weathering patterns of granite in the Korean peninsula. Oversupplied ions into the drainage basin were $H^+$, $K^+$, Fe, and Mn, whereas $Na^2+$, $Mg^2+$, $Ca^2+$, Si, Al and $HCO-3^{-}$ were removed from the basin by the stream. The consumption of hydrogen ion in the catchment implies the hydrolysis of minerals. The surplus of $K^+$ reflects that vegetation is in the aggravation stage, and the nutrient cycle of the forest in study area did not reach a stable state. And it can be also presumed that the accumulation of $K^+$ in the top soil is related to the surplus of $K^+$. Oversupplied Fe and Mn were presumed to accumulate in soil by forming metallic oxide and hydroxide. In the opposite, the removal of $Na^+$, Si, Al resulted from the chemical weathering of albite and biotite, and the amount of removal of $Na^+$, Si, Al reflected the weathering rate of the bedrock. But $Ca^2+$ and $Mg^2+$ in stream water were contaminated by the scattered calcareous structures over the surface. Kaolinite is a stable clay mineral under the present environment by the thermodynamical analysis of the hydrogeochemical data and Tardy's Re value. But this result was quite different from the real assemblage of clay miner-als in soil and weathered bedrock. This differ-ence can be explained by the microenvironment in the weathering profile and the seasonal variation of climatic factors. There are different clay forming environments in the stydy area and these differences originate from the seasonal variation of climate, especially the flushing rate in the weathering profile. As it can be known from the results of the analysis of thermodynamic stability and characteristics of geochemical mas balance, the climate during winter and fall, when it is characterized by the low flushing rate and high solute influx, shows the environmental characteristics to from 2:1 clay minerals, such as illite, smectite, vermiculite and mixed layer clay minerals which are formed by neoformation or transformation from the primary or secondary minerals. During the summer and spring periods, kaoli-nite is a stable forming mineral. However it should consider that the other clay minerals can transformed into kaolinite or other clay minerals, because these periods have a high flushing rte and temperature. Materials which are directly regulated by chemical weathering in the weathered bedrock are $Na^+$, Si, and Al. The leaching of Al is, however, highly restricted and used to form a clay mineral, and that of Si falls under the same category. $Na^+$ is not taked up by growing veget ation, and fixed in the weathering profile by forming secondary minerals. Therefore the budget of $Na^+$ is a good indicator for the chemical weathering rate in the study area. The amount of chemical weathering of granite rocks was about 31.31g/$m^2+$/year based on $Na^+$ estimation.

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Recreation Effects on Soil and Vegetation in the Kumo Mountain (금오산지역(金烏山地域)에서의 레크리이션행위(行爲)가 토양(土壤) 및 식생(植生)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Lee, Kyong Jae;Ahn, Joon Soo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.74 no.1
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    • pp.37-46
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    • 1986
  • To study the changes of soil and vegetational composition of Pinus densiflora community by campsite impact of its users, located in Kumo Mountain Provincial Park, the South part of Korea, three sites were selected according to the density of users. The heavy-use sites in this study has changed in the following ways. (1) The concentration of total nitrogen, available phosphate and Ca ion have decreased greatly. (2) From 68 to 73 percent of the undergrowth vegetation has been removed from the $2.000m^2$ camp area, leaving a sparse vegetation cover quite dissimilar in composition to nonuse campsite. (3) The soil hardness was $38.9kg/cm^2$ in heavyuse site and $1.76kg/cm^2$ in nonuse site. (4) The tolerant trees to campsite impact is Acer palmatum, Stephanandra incisa, Rhus trichocarpa, Rubus crataegifolitus and Parthenocissus tricuspidata. (5) Species diversity decreased to a degree at the heavy-use site. Similarity index was 25.38% between the heavy-use and nonuse site.

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Adsorptive Removal Properties of Heavy Metal Ions By Soils from the Upper Banbyun Stream (반변천 상류 주변 토양의 중금속 이온 흡착제거 특성)

  • Kim, Younjung;Hwang, Haeyeon;Kim, Yunhoi;Ryu, Sanghoon;Baek, Seungcheol;Seo, Eulwon
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.5-9
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    • 2007
  • This study carried out to investigate the removal capacity of heavy metals such as Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) dissolved in aqueous solution in the soils collected from Hyeon-Dong (HD), San-seong (SS), Keum-chon (KC) and Keum-Hac (KH) located in the upper Banbyun stream. The pH of all the soils was weak alkali such as 8.8 9.2. According to the analysis of chemical composition of the soils, the amount of $SiO_2$, $AlO_2$ and CaO were similar in all tested soils. However, the amount of $K_2O$, $FeO_3$ and MgO were different from each soil. The XRD measurement with these soils showed that quartz and feldspar were presented in all tested soils, and the distribution of kaoline, illite, montmorillonite, vermiculite and calcite were different from each soil. The results of the removal capacity of heavy metals indicated that all the soils had more than 98% of the removal efficiency of Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II), and among the heavy metals, Cu (II) was removed the most effectively. These results suggested that the soils collected from the upper Banbyun stream have the high removal capacity of heavy metals, and these soils could be used for the banking a river around the abandoned mine area, containing the higher concentrations of heavy metals than the usual stream.

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Study on Geochemical Behavior of Heavy Metals by Indigenous Bacteria in Contaminated Soil and Sediment (국내 일부 오염 토양 및 퇴적물 내 토착 미생물에 의한 중금속의 지구화학적 거동 연구)

  • Song, Dae-Sung;Lee, Jong-Un;Ko, Il-Won;Kim, Kyoung-Woong
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.40 no.5
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    • pp.575-585
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    • 2007
  • Microbial control of the geochemical behavior of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and As in contaminated subsurface soil and sediment was investigated through activation of indigenous bacteria with lactate under anaerobic condition for 25 days. The results indicated that dissolved Cd, Pb and Zn were microbially removed from solutions, which was likely due to the formation of metal sulfides after reduction of sulfate by indigenous sulfate-reducing bacteria. Soils from the Dukeum mine containing a large amount of sulfate resulted in complete removal of dissolved As after 25 days by microbial activities, while there were gradual increases in dissolved As concentration in soils from the Hwabuk mine and sediments from the Dongducheon industrial area which showed low $SO_4{^2-}$ concentrations. Addition of appropriate carbon sources and sulfate to contaminated geological media may lead to activation of indigenous bacteria and thus in situ stabilization of the heavy metals; however, potential of As release into solution after the amendment should be preferentially investigated.