• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.535-545
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• 2020

This study aims to conserve and monitor energy use in public sewage treatment plants by utilizing data from the SCADA system and by controlling the aeration rate required for maintaining effluent water quality. Power consumption in the sewage treatment process was predicted using the equipment's uptime, efficiency, and inherent power consumption. The predicted energy consumption was calibrated by measured data. Additionally, energy efficiency indicators were proposed based on statistical data for energy use, capacity, and effluent quality. In one case study, a sewage treatment plant operated via the SBR process used ~30% of energy consumed in maintaining the bioreactors and treated water tanks (included decanting pump and cleaning systems). Energy consumption analysis with the K-ECO Tool-kit was conducted for unit processing. The results showed that about 58.7% of total energy consumed was used in the preliminary and biological treatment rotating equipment such as the blower and pump. In addition, the energy consumption rate was higher to the order of 19.2% in the phosphorus removal process, 16.0% during sludge treatment, and 6.1% during disinfection and discharge. In terms of equipment energy usage, feeding and decanting pumps accounted for 40% of total energy consumed following 27% for blowers. By controlling the aeration rate based on the proposed feedback control system, the DO concentration was reduced by 56% compared pre-controls and the aeration amount decreased by 28%. The overall power consumption of the plant was reduced by 6% via aeration control.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2011

본 연구의 목표는 전자빔 공정을 적용하여 1,4-dioxane의 제거효율 및 독성평가를 하는 것이다. 이 실험에서는 전자빔 선량과 1,4-dioxane의 초기 농도에 따른 저감 효율 및 scavenger gas에 따른 무기화의 정도를 알아보았다. 또한 녹조류 중 하나인 Pseudokirohneriella Subcapitata를 이용하여 생물독성과 위해성 평가를 통한 독성저감기술을 확립하였다. 그 결과 1,4-dioxane은 전자빔 조사량이 증가할수록 분해 효율이 향상되었고, Radical Scavenger gas에 의한 TOC 제거는 $N_2O$나 $O_2$를 용해시켰을 때 효율이 증가되었다. 4일(96hrs) 후 독성평가 결과 전자빔 조사 강도의 증가에 따라 독성 영향이 저감되는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.2000-2010
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• 2021

Mechanical moduli, such as Young's modulus (E), Bulks modulus (B), Shear modulus (S), longitudinal modulus (L), Poisson's ratio (σ) and micro Hardness (H) were theoretically calculated for (100-x)TeO₂+x MgO glasses, where x = 10, 20, 30, 40 and 45 mol%, based on the Makishima-Mackenzie model. The estimated results showed that the mechanical moduli and the microhardness of the glasses were improved with the increase of the MgO contents in the TM glasses, while Poisson's ratio decreased with the increase in MgO content. Moreover, the radiation shielding capacity was evaluated for the studied TM glasses. Thus, the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), transmission factor (TF) and half-value thickness (𝚫_0.5) were simulated for gamma photon energies between 0.344 and 1.406 MeV. The simulated results showed that glass TM10 with 10 mol % MgO possess the highest LAC and varied in the range between 0.259 and 0.711 cm^-1, while TM45 glass with 45 mol % MgO possess the lowest LAC and vary in the range between 0.223 and 0.587 cm^-1 at gamma photon energies between 0.344 and 1.406 MeV. Furthermore, the BXCOM program was applied to calculate the effective atomic number (Z_eff), equivalent atomic number (Z_eq) and buildup factors (EBF and EABF) of the glasses. The effective removal cross-section for the fast neutrons (ERCSFN, ∑_R) was also calculated theoretically. The received data depicts that the lowest ∑_R was achieved for TM10 glasses, where ∑_R = 0.0193 cm² g^-1, while TM45 possesses the highest ERCSFN where ∑_R = 0.0215 cm² g^-1.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.252-260
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: The number of biomass power plants is increasing around the world and the amount of wastes from power plants is expected to increase. But the bottom ash (BA) is not recycled and has been dumped in landfill. This study was conducted to find out functional groups of BA and adsorption rate of heavy metals on BA. METHODS AND RESULTS: The BA was dried in oven at 105℃ for 24 hours, and characterized by analyzing the chemistry, functional group, and surface area. The adsorption rates of heavy metals on BA were evaluated by different concentration, time, and pH. As a result, the adsorption amount of the heavy metals was high in the order of Zn> Cu> Cd> Ni and the removal rates of Zn, Cu, Cd, and Ni by BA was 49.75, 30.20, 32.46, and 36.10%, respectively. Also, the maximum adsorption capacity of BA was different by the heavy metal in the environmental conditions, and it was suggested that the isotherms for Zn, Ni, Cd, and Cu were adequate to Langmuir model. CONCLUSION(S): It is suggested that it would be effective to remove heavy metals in aqueous solution by using BA from biomass power plants in South Korea.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2023

Background: Recently, biological adsorbents have been developed for removing radionuclides from radioactive liquid waste due to their high selectivity, eco-friendliness, and renewability. However, since they can be damaged by radiation in radioactive waste, a method for estimating the bio-adsorbent performance as a time should consider the radiation damages in terms of their renewability. This paper aims to develop a simulation method that applies a deep learning technique to rapidly and accurately estimate the adsorption performance of bio-adsorbents when inserted into liquid radioactive waste. Materials and Methods: A model that describes various interactions between a bio-adsorbent and liquid has been constructed using numerical methods to estimate the adsorption capacity of the bio-adsorbent. To generate datasets for machine learning, Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) simulations were conducted while considering radioactive concentrations in the adsorbent column. Results and Discussion: Compared with the result of the conventional method, the proposed method indicates that the accuracy is in good agreement, within 0.99% and 0.06% for the R² score and mean absolute percentage error, respectively. Furthermore, the estimation speed is improved by over 30 times. Conclusion: Note that an artificial neural network can rapidly and accurately estimate the survival rate of a bio-adsorbent from radiation ionization compared with the MCNP simulation and can determine if the bio-adsorbents are reusable.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.58-70
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• 2023

The improper management of radioactive waste or accidents caused by natural disasters can result in the release of radioactive materials into the surrounding environment, potentially leading to soil and groundwater contamination by radionuclides. In this study, adsorption-desorption behaviors of the radionuclides (cobalt and strontium) in natural soil, montmorillonite, Mn-PILC, Fe-PILC, and fishbone were investigated. Several models were used to predict adsorption isotherms of radionuclides on various absorbents. Adsorption isotherms of cobalt and strontium in several adsorbents were examined at pH 5.5. The amount of sorbed cobalt and strontium were represented fishbone > natural soil > Mn-PILC > Fe-PILC > montmorillonite and natural soil > Mn-PILC > fishbone > Fe-PILC > montmorillonite, respectively. Adsorption datas were fitted with several models such as Freundlich, Langmuir, Sips, Redlich-Peterson, Khan, and Generalized model. The results of curve fitting showed R²> 0.98 in all of adsorption models, except Sr²⁺ adsorption onto montmorillonite. For modified clays (Mn-PILC, Fe-PILC), it is suggested that, unlike natural soils and fish bones, there are not only single adsorption mechanisms but also adsorption mechanisms based on chemical adsorption and surface charge. In the case of fish bones, due to the relatively higher adsorption capacity than modified clays and its characteristic of significant desorption, it is expected more suitable for the removal of radionuclides in aquatic environments than for the immobilization of radionuclides in soil.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2023

Mulberry exhibits unique characteristics and functionalities across various components, including the roots, branches, leaves, and fruits. However, despite numerous studies on mulberry, research on this plant at the seedling stage is insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the suitability for seedling cultivation and antioxidant effects of four Korean mulberry cultivars, namely, Daesim, Suhong, Simgang, and Cheongsu. In terms of seed weight, germination rate, and growth rate, Daesim was the most suitable cultivar for seedling production. Polyphenol and flavonoid content analysis showed that all cultivars, except for Cheongsu, showed the highest phenolic content at the 2-week seedling stage. Similarly, antioxidant assays using 2,2'-azino-di-3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals revealed that the antioxidant effect of all cultivars, except for Cheongsu, increased with cultivation at 2- 4- and 6-week. However, mulberry seedlings had a slower reaction rate against DPPH radical removal than mulberry leaves. In addition, ABTS radical scavenging activity showed a different correlation with polyphenol content. This phenomenon may be due to the different polyphenol compositions between mulberry leaves and seedlings. The results of this study suggest that mulberry seedlings exhibit different bioactivities from mulberry leaves, and component analysis is required in further research.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.419-425
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 벤치급 건식 $CO_2$ 포집 성능평가 장치에서 흡수반응기 내부의 구조와 형태에 따른 K-계열 흡수제(KEP-CO2P2, 한국전력공사 전력연구원)의 성능특성을 확인하였다. 흡수반응기 혼합영역(mixing-zone)에 구조와 형태가 다르게 제작된 두 종류의 열교환기가 적용되었으며, 각각 CASE 1과 CASE 2로 나뉘어 동일한 조업조건으로 연속운전을 수행하였다. 연속운전동안 흡수반응 온도는 $75{\sim}80^{\circ}C$, 재생반응 온도는 $190{\sim}200^{\circ}C$, 그리고 반응기체($CO_2$) 농도는 12~14 vol%으로 설정하였다. 특히 흡수제의 흡수능 비교를 위해 흡수반응기 혼합영역의 차압을 400~500 mm$H_2O$로 유지하며 운전하였다. 또한 반응 후 채집한 시료는 반응성 비교를 위해 TGA를 이용하여 물성분석을 하였다. CASE 1 실험에서 $CO_2$ 제거효율과 동적흡수능은 각각 64.3%, 2.40 wt%으로 산출 되었고, CASE 2 실험에서 $CO_2$ 제거효율과 동적흡수능은 각각 81.0%, 4.66 wt%으로 산출되었다. 또한 반응 후 흡수제에 대한 TGA 측정 결과의 무게감량을 이용하여 흡수제의 동적흡수능을 계산한 결과, CASE 1과 CASE 2 실험에서 반응 후 흡수제의 동적흡수능은 각각 2.51 wt%와 4.89 wt%으로 산출되었다. 결론적으로 동일한 조업조건에서 흡수반응기 내부에 삽입되는 열교환기의 구조와 형태에 따라 흡수제의 성능 차이가 있는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2005

산업단지 조성은 포장율의 증가를 의미하며, 다량의 비점오염물질이 강우시 유출되게 된다. 이러한 비점오염물질의 처리 및 저감을 위해서는 저류지 건설 등이 대안이 될 수 있기에 최근 환경부는 홍수조절용 우수저류조를 비점오염물질 처리용 저류조로의 전환을 꾀하고 있다. 2005년도에 비점오염원 관리 방안이 법제화됨으로써, 향후 신규개발 지역에서는 비점오염물질 관리를 위한 최적관리방안이 필수화 될 것이다. 본 연구지역의 토지이용은 산업단지 조성지역으로 제 1차 제조업 및 금속산업, 섬유 및 화학제품 제조업 등의 업종이 주를 이루고 있다. 산업단지 조성은 인근 수계에 심각한 비점오염물질 부하량을 증가시킨다. 따라서 본 연구는 산업단지에서의 비점오염물질 처리 및 저감을 위하여 저류지 또는 습지 조성을 위하여 추진되었으며, 비점오염물질 관리를 위한 적정 저류지 용량 산정은 강우량 해석, 유출량 해석 및 비점오염물질 유출해석 등을 통하여 적정 용량을 산정할 수 있다. 연구지역의 일 평년, 최근 10년간, 최근 2년간 및 5년간의 강우량 자료를 통계 분석한 결과 초기 강우현상을 고려하지 않을 경우 발생빈도 80% 이상의 강우에 대한 적정 강우량은 10mm로 나타났다. 초기강우 현상을 고려하여 산정한 누적강우량 기준은 4-5mm 사이로 산정되었으며, 연구지역에서의 적정 저류지 용량은 안전율을 고려하여 $12,000m^3$으로 결정되었다. 연구지역에서 연간 유출되는 비점오염물질의 양은 TSS가 435ton/yr, COD가 238ton/yr, TKN이 8,518kg/yr 그리고 TP가 1,816kg/yr로 나타났다. 저류지에서의 비점오염물질 저감량은 TSS가 78.3ton/yr, BOD가 20.4ton/yr, COD가 128.6ton/yr, TKN이 4.6ton/yr 그리고 TP가 980kg/yr의 저감량을 보였다. 저류지의 연간 퇴적물량은 78.3ton/yr로 나타났으며, 연간 퇴적율은 $6.53kg/m^2-hr$로 산정되었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.413-419
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 TCE 등의 유기오염물질로 오염된 현장의 지하수를 처리하기 위한 반응매질로써 나노영가철(nanoscale zero valent iron, NZVI)의 적용성을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 오염현장에서는 TCE 외에 음이온($NO_3^-$, $Cl^-$, $SO_4^{2-}$, $HCO_3^-$)과 자연유기물질(natural organic matter, NOM)이 검출되었으며 상업용 나노영가철(NANOFER 25, Nanorion)을 이용하여 모의, 현장 지하수를 처리하고 그 결과를 분석하였다. TCE만을 고려한 처리실험에서 25 g/L의 NANOFER 25는 1.8 mM TCE를 약 20시간에 95% 이상 처리하였으며($k=0.15hr^{-1}$), TCE 반복주입을 통해 평가한 NANOFER 25의 반응용량은 0.19 mmole TCE/g NZVI인 것으로 나타났다. 음이온은 개별 음이온의 농도는 반응성에 큰 영향을 주지 않았으나 4가지 음이온을 모두 포함하는 오염현장의 평균농도로 제조한 모의지하수처리 시 유사 1차속도상수(k)가 $0.069hr^{-1}$로 60% 감소하였으며 총 반응용량은 10% 감소하였다. 용존성 유기물(DOC)를 기준으로 한 유기물의 현장 평균농도에서는 반응속도상수가 $0.025hr^{-1}$로 84%까지 감소하는 것도 확인할 수 있었다. 오염현장에서 최고의 TCE 농도($1.8{\mu}M$)를 가지는 현장지하수를 이용하여 처리하였을 때는 TCE 농도가 낮아 25 g/L의 NANOFER 25를 사용하여 10시간 내 90% 이상의 TCE를 분해할 수 있었다. 본 연구결과와 현장 오염지하수에 대한 수리, 지질학적 조사결과를 접목할 경우, 향후 효율적인 현장 지하수처리 결과를 도출할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.