• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 2007.03a
• /
• pp.219-223
• /
• 2007

GMS(Geostational Meteorological Satellite), GOES(Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite), MTSAT(Multi-Funcional Transport Satellite) 등의 정지기상위성은 거의 매시간 기상상황을 감시하고 태풍정보를 실시간 분석할 수 있어 드보락(Dvorak, 1975)등에 의해 이를 이용한 가시영상이나 적외영상기반의 태풍중심강도를 분석기법(드보락의 VIS/IR 분석법) 및 적외강조영상 분석기법(드보락의 EIR 분석법)이 개발되었다(Dvorak，1975, 1984). 그러나 주관적인 드보락의 VIS/IR 분석 법 및 EIR 분석법에 의한 결과는 분석자마다 다를 수 있고，절차 또한 복잡하여 시급성을 요하는 태풍 분석에서 취약점으로 지적되어 왔다. 이러한 주관적 방법의 한계를 극복하기 위하여 디지럴화된 영상과 자동 객관화된 알고리즘을 적용하는 객관 드보락 기법 (Advanced Objective Dvorak Technique, 이하 AODT)이 개발되었고(Velden et al, 1998), Zehr(1989)에 의해 비행기 관측자료등을 통해 보정되고 있다. 기상청에서는 2001 년부터 GMS 위성 관측영상을 이용하여 태풍의 중심위치를 분석하고，태풍강도를 정량화하기 위해 주관 드보락 기법 (Subjective Dvorak Technique 이하 SDT)을 이용하여 태풍중심위치와 강도정보를 실시간 예보관 및 일반인에게 제공하고 있다. 그러나 주관적인 드보락 기법이 분석자에 따라 다른 결과가 도출 될 수 있어, 이를 보완하기 위해 QuikSCAT 해상풍 관측자료, 정지 및 극 궤도위성자료를 활용한 해수면온도 둥 위성 분석자료와 기타 관측자료를 참조하고 있다. 정지기상위성자료를 이용한 드보락기법은 적외영상만으로 태풍중심 위치와 강도를 분석할 수 있는 장점 외에 앞에서 열거한 몇 가지 극복되지 못한 한계도 있으나，SSM/I 둥 기타 위성자료의 관측시간대와 분석정보 부족 등으로 정지기상위성자료를 이용한 드보락 기법을 대체할만한 현업용 분석기법이 개발되지 못했다. 기상청에서는 기존의 태풍분석업무를 개선하기 위해서 2005년부터 AODT를 도입하여 그 성능을 시험분석하고, 2006년 6월부터 AODT를 현업화하여 실시간 태풍강도분석 에 활용하였으며 2006년 제 3호 태풍 에위니아(EWINIAR)부터 두리안(DURlAN)까지 19개 태풍 434개 시간대자료를 분석한 결과 SDT 강도분석결과와 0.90의 상관도를 보였다. 또한 AODT 알고리즘이 기본적으로 대서양에서 발생하는 태풍에 초점을 두고 개발되어 북서태평양에서 발생하는 태풍에 직접 적용하기에는 어려움이 있는 것으로 알려져 있으므로(Velden et al. 1998), 이의 개선을 위하여 태풍강도지수인 SDT CI(Current Intensity) 수와 AODT CI 수간의 통계적 관계를 밝히고 신경망을 이용한 비선형 주성분 분석 (Hieh，2004)등을 통해 AODT CI 수 보정 시도를 하였다. 이와 더불어, 기상청은 근원적 객관 알고리즘 개선을 위해 AODT 자체 알고리즘 분석과 위성자료 DB 구축 동의 노력을 기울이고 있다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.305-314
• /
• 2016

In this study, a quantitative assessment was carried out in order to identify the agricultural drought in time and space using the Terra MODIS remote sensing data for the agricultural drought. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) were selected by MOD13A3 image which shows the changes in vegetation conditions. The land cover classification was made to show only vegetation excluding water and urbanized areas in order to collect the land information efficiently by Type1 of MCD12Q1 images. NDVI and EVI index calculated using land cover classification indicates the strong seasonal tendency. Therefore, standardized Vegetation Stress Index Anomaly (VSIA) of EVI were used to estimated the medium-scale regions in Korea during the extreme drought year 2001. In addition, the agricultural drought damages were investigated in the country's past, and it was calculated based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) using the data of the ground stations. The VSIA were compared with SPI based on historical drought in Korea and application for drought assessment was made by temporal and spatial correlation analysis to diagnose the properties of agricultural droughts in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.16-24
• /
• 2002

Classification of the land cover characteristics is a major application of remote sensing. The goal of this study is to propose an optimal classification process for electro-optical camera(EOC) of Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite(KOMPSAT). The study was carried out on Landsat TM, high spectral resolution image and KOMPSAT EOC, high spatial resolution image of Miho river basin, Korea. The study was conducted in two stages: one was image fusion of TM and EOC to gain high spectral and spatial resolution image, the other was land cover classification on fused image. Four fusion techniques were applied and compared for its topographic interpretation such as IHS, HPF, CN and wavelet transform. The fused images were classified by radial basis function neural network(RBF-NN) and artificial neural network(ANN) classification model. The proposed RBF-NN was validated for the study area and the optimal model structure and parameter were respectively identified for different input band combinations. The results of the study propose an optimal classification process of KOMPSAT EOC to improve the thematic mapping and extraction of environmental information.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 2014

This study deals with red tide detection by using the remote sensing imagery from the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI), the world's first geostationary orbit satellite, around the southern coast of Korea where the most severe red tide occurred recently. The red tide zone was determined by the available data selection from the GOCI imagery during the period of red tide occurrence and also the severe red tide zone was detected through the spatial analysis by temporal change out of the red tide zone. This study results showed that the coast in the vicinity of the Hansan and Yokji in Tongyeong-si was classified into the severe red tide zone, and that the red tide was likely to spread from the coast of Hansan and Yokji to the one of Sanyang-eub. In addition, the comparative analysis between the area of red tide occurrence, the prevention activities of Gyeongsangnam-do provincial government and the amount of the damage cost over time showed close correlation among them. It is still early to conclude that the study is showing the severe red tide zone and the spread path exactly due to various factors for red tide occurrence and activities. In order to improve the reliability of the results, the more data analysis is required.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.279-290
• /
• 2018

The importance of monitoring and assessing the status of urban forests in the aspect of urban forest management is emerging as urban forest edges increase due to urbanization and human impacts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of vegetation condition of urban forest edge that is affected by different land cover types using $NDVI_{max}$ images derived from FSDAF (Flexible Spatio-temporal DAta Fusion). Among 4 land cover types,roads had the greatest effect on the forest edge, especially up to 30m, and it was found to affect up to 90m in Seoul urban forest. It was also found that $NDVI_{max}$ increased with distance away from the forest edge. The results of this study are expected to be useful for assessing the effects of land cover types and land cover change on forest edges in terms of urban forest monitoring and urban forest management.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 2010

This study has examined experimentally the Beer's law which is a precondition for quantitative electron tomography. We used carbon support film and latex spheres, which have similar absorption coefficients with biological samples, as the test samples to take a tilt-series of images for electron tomography. First, the 3D information of carbon film and latex spheres was obtained by electron tomography. Then, the regression analysis on the relationship between the intensities of the incident and the transmitted beams in a tilt series was carried out to examine the Beer's law. The regression results with RMS error of 0.976 show the linear intensity variations of the transmitted beam as the tilt angles were increased. In addition, the relative absorption coefficients of carbon support film and latex spheres calculated experimentally through the Beer's law were 1.71 (5) and 2.67 (6)/${\mu}m$, respectively. The absorption coefficients remained constant within a full tilt range. Therefore, it is expected that quantitative electron tomography could be performed for biological samples by applying Beer's law provided the exact intensity of incident beam can be obtained under the thoroughly controlled experimental conditions.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.285-291
• /
• 2008

We have evaluated the effects of experimental factors on transmitted electron beam intensities for quantitative analysis in electron tomography. For the correct application of Beer's law in electron tomography, the transmitted beam intensity should reflect the net effect of mass properties on beam path. So, the any other effects of the objective aperture and the specimen holder on beam path should be removed. The cut-off effects of objective aperture were examined using Quanti-foil holey carbon film and a transmission electron microscope operated at 120 kV. The transmitted beam intensities with $30{\mu}m$ objective aperture dropped about 16.7% compared to electron beam intensities without the objective aperture. Also, the additional losses of about 14.2% at high tilt angles were occurred by cut-off effects of the objective apertures. For the precise quantitative analysis in electron tomography, the effect of the objective aperture on transmitted electron beam intensities should be considered. It is desirable that 2-D tilt series images are obtained without the objective aperture for correct application of Bee's law.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.207-212
• /
• 2008

Bathymetry, side scan sonar, and magnetic survey data for the summit area of Dokdo obtained by Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute in 1999, 2004, and 2007 were analyzed to investigate the geophysical characteristics of the summit. Bathymetry and topographic data for the summit of Dokdo show uneven seabed and irregular undulations from costal line to -90 m in water depth, indicating the effects of partial erosions and taluses. The stepped slope in the bathymetry is supposed to be a coastal terrace suggesting repetition of transgressions and regressions in the Quaternary. The bathymetry and the side scan sonar data show a small crater, assumed to be formed by post volcanisms, at depth of $-100\;{\sim}\;-120\;m$ in the northeastern and the northwestern parts of the survey area. Except some areas with shallow sand sedimentary deposits, there are rocky seafloor and lack of sediments in the side scan sonar images of the survey area, dominantly. The analytic signal of the magnetic anomaly coincides with other geophysical results regarding to the location of the residual crater. The geophysical constraints of the summit of Dokdo propose that the islets and the rocky seabed elongated northeastward and northwestward from the islets might be the southern crater of the Dokdo volcano.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2006

Flooding hazard caused by natural and artificial environmental changes is closely associated with change in river bed configuration. This study is aimed at explaining a river-bed change related to soil erosion in the Keum river basin using GIS and RS. The USLE was used to compute soil erosion rate on the basis of GIS. River-bed profiles stretching from Kongju to Ippo were measured to construct a 3D-geomorphological map. The river-bed change was also detected by remote sensing images using Landsat TM during the period of 1982 to 2000 for the Keum river. The result shows that USLE indicates a mean soil erosion rate of $1.8\;kg/m^2/year$, and a net increase of a river-bed change at a rate of $+5\;cm/m^2$/year in the Kangkyeong area. The change in river-bed is interpreted to have been caused by soil erosion in the downstream of the Keum river basin. In addition river-bed change mainly occurred on the downstream of the confluence where tributaries and the main channel meet. Other possible river-bed change is caused by a removal of fluvial sand aggregates, which might have resulted in a net decrease of exposed area of sediment distribution between 1991 and 1995, while a construction of underwater structures, including a bridge, a reclamation of sand bars for rice fields and dikes, resulted in an increase of the exposed area of river-bed due to sediment accumulation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.140-148
• /
• 2007

The remote sensing observations of land surface properties are inevitably influenced by the landscape heterogeneity. In this paper, we introduce a geostatistical technique to provide a quantitative interpretation of landscape heterogeneity in terms of key land surface parameters. The study areas consist of the two KoFlux sites: (1) the Gwangneung site, covered with temperate mixed forests on a complex terrain, and (2) the Haenam site with mixed croplands on a relatively flat terrain. The semivariogram and fractal analyses were performed for both sites to characterize the spatial heterogeneity of two radiation parameters, i.e., land surface temperature (LST) and albedo. These parameters are the main factors affecting the reflected longwave and shortwave radiation components from the two study sites. We derived them from the high-resolution Landsat ETM+ satellite images collected on 23 Sep. 2001 and 14 Feb. 2002. The results of our analysis show that the characteristic scales of albedo was >1 km at the Gwangneung site and approximately 0.3 km at the Haenam site. For LST, the scale of heterogeneity was also >1 km at the Gwangneung site and >0.6 to 1.0 km at the Haenam site. At both sites, there was little change in the characteristic scales of the two parameters between the two different seasons.