• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.447-458
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• 2007

Purpose: This exploratory study was to identify the use of complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) in women with breast cancer and to analyze which factor influence CAM use. Methods: 114 patients with breast cancer were identified and approached. The instrument used to gather data were the common types, main reasons and effects as well as stress, mood states and fatigue. Results: 42.7% of all participants reported the use of CAM. The most common types of CAM used were Phellinus linteus, elm tree, and vitamin C. The main reasons for CAM use were to boost the immune system and to prevent recurrence. Prayer, massage, Shitake mushroom, and Ganoderma lucidum were, identified as being more effective than others. 93.6% of the respondents informed their physicians of their use of CAM. Logistic regression analysis determined that stress, mood states, and duration after diagnosis were factors significantly associated with CAM use. Conclusion: CAM use is increasing among patients with breast cancer. Health care professionals are in the main position to identify what treatments patients are using and implement CAM therapies that can be helpful to relieve patient symptoms related to treatment and psychological distress.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.368-375
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors of exposure to blood and body fluid by clinical nurses. Method: The participants in this descriptive study were 276 clinical nurses involved in nursing care in a general hospital located in Seoul. The collected data were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Results: The annual exposure rate to blood and body fluid by clinical nurses was 66.3%, and the ratio was higher in the exposed group than in the non-exposed group for nurses under the age of 25, nurses who were unmarried, nurses with low clinical experience, and nurses who work night shifts more than six days a week. Clinical nurses who were unmarried were 1.9 times more likely to have been exposed compared to married nurses. Nurses whose work experience was less than 18 months were 2.7 times more at risk than nurses with more than 18 months of experience. Also, nurses whose fatigue scores were high had an increased chance of exposure (1.9 times). Conclusion: It is necessary to provide intensive training programs for clinical nurses who are in the early months of their career and are likely to be young and unmarried, in order to prevent exposure to blood and body fluid. Administrative supports to self-control and hospital ward operation measures to relieve nurses' fatigue should be provided.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2007

Additional cutouts in the floorbeam webs of orthotropic plated bridge decks relieve the highly stressed lower flange of the ribs passing through these floorbeam webs from possible fatigue damage. Conversely, the floorbeam webs themselves suffer from high stress concentrations, especially along the free edges of the additional cutouts. These stresses result from a combination of direct introduction of vertical traffic loads in the weakened web and from the truss action of the floorbeam. The latter differs from a simple beam action due to the presence of the openings and corresponds more to the behaviour of a Vierendeel truss. Close assessment of the appearing stresses, highly relevant for fatigue resistance, requires the use of elaborate finite element modelling. However, a full finite element analysis merely provides the results of total stresses, leaving the researcher or designer the difficult task of finding the origin of these stress components. This paper presents a calculation method for cutout stresses based on a combination of a framework analysis and a two dimensional finite element analysis of much smaller parts of the floorbeam. This method provides more insight in the origin of the stress components, as well as it simplifies any comparison of different additional cutout geometries, independent of the floorbeam topology.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2009

All the failure in fatigue of torsion, bending and rolling contact, and in sliding wear begins mostly from surface. So much efforts have been invested to the surface technology which deal these problems during past decades, but the industrial demand keeps growing and more significant requirements are added to researchers and engineers. Nano crystal surface modification technology which makes the surface layers into nano crystalline, induces big and deep compressive residual stress, increases surface hardness, improves surface hardness, and make micro dimples structure on surface is an emerging technology which can break limits of current surface technology and relieve the burden of researchers and engineers. In this study, a nano crystal surface modification technology which is calling UNSM(Ultrasonic nano crystal surface modification) technology, is introduced and how it has been applied to industry to solve these failure problems is explained.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.243-249
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• 2022

The objective of the present study was to perform failure analysis of double-layered bellow (expansion joint), a core part of stress reliever, used to relieve axial stresses induced by thermal expansion of heat-transport pipes in a district heating system. The bellow underwent tensile or compressive stresses due to its structure in terms of position. A leaked position sufferred a fatigue with a tensile component for decades. A cracked bellow contained a higher fraction of martensitic phase because of manufacturing and usage histories, which induced more brittleness on the component. Inclusions in the inner layer of the bellow acted as a site of stress concentration, from which cracks initiated and then propagated along the hoop direction from the inner surface of the inner layer under fatigue loading conditions. As the crack reached critical thickness, the crack propagated to the outer surface at a higher rate, resulting in leakage of the stress reliever.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.62-71
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• 2014

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of menopausal adaptation and Sanhujori (Korean traditional postnatal care) on the Health-related quality of life in middle-aged women. Methods: Women aged from 45 to 60 completed questionnaires consisting of SF-36 ver. 2 and menopausal adaptation scale between July to Aug, 2013. Two hundred and eighteen participants' data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Results: Physical health ($69.5{\pm}15.1$) was better than mental health ($68.8{\pm}17.1$), and bodily pain and social functioning were the same results as 2009 general U.S. population, with the sub-variables of quality of life being lower. Menopausal adaptation was at moderate level, and correlation of its sub-variables with quality of life were significant: fatigue (r=.60, p<.001), accomplishing feeling (r=.55, p<.001), confidence (r=.54, p<.001), dryness (r=.51, p<.001), flush (r=.38, p<.001), dominance (r=-.36, p<.001), stability (r=.26, p<.001). Fatigue, confidence, stability, period of sanhujori, and dryness revealed as influencing quality of life, while the total variation explained by these components was at 52%. Conclusion: To improve quality of life of middle aged women, health care providers need to provide nursing intervention to relieve fatigue and dryness; and address psychosocial concerns with developing nursing strategies to improve stability and confidence. For post-partum women, enough periods of sanhujori needs to be recommended.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.1265-1273
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• 2020

Objectives: Patients with polycythemia vera can experience many symptoms, including dizziness, headache, and fatigue, caused by a high red blood cell mass and blood viscosity. Some symptoms persist even after appropriate treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Korean medicine on dizziness following polycythemia vera treatment. Methods: A patient diagnosed with polycythemia vera was treated with Korean medicine, including pharmacopuncture, acupuncture, and herbal medicine. We used a numeral rating scale (NRS) and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) to observe the effects of the treatment. Results: After treatment, the hematocrit and hemoglobin increased to within normal range, and the NRS scores for dizziness and fatigue, subjective discomfort, and DHI scores decreased compared with the preadmission values. Conclusions: This report shows that Korean medicine helped to relieve dizziness in a patient with polycythemia vera. However, we need further studies to establish treatment regimens for polycythemia vera symptoms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 1997

Incomplete glottic closure of vocal cord atrophy is the common cause of dysphonia. Patients with vocal cord atrophy have complaints such as dysphonia, vocal fatigue, abnormal sensation in the throat, laryngeal pain, cough or sputum like functional voice disorders. Many investigators could not confirm the pathologic laryngeal structure because of their minute pathology. But recent advancements of laryngeal examinations made the many clinicians to detect minimal laryngeal pathology and to have mind the treatment for the vocal cord atrophy. But the results were less effective than their thoughts, the reasons of ineffectiveness were not known well. Authors have found the Hyperfunctional movement of the supraglottis during phonation before and after thyroplasty type I for vocal cord atrophy. Then we have applied the combined modality treatment with thyroplaty type I and voice therapy for relieve of hypefunctional movement of the supraglottis. These options have had more imporved results.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.2004-2009
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to define how wrist motion is affected by different postures and supporting devices and to discover functional range of wrist motion for keyboard typing. The range of wrist motion (ROM) needed for fourteen experienced typists to type on a computer keyboard was measured by flexible and biaxial electrogoniometers. The most frequent wrist motion during typing was in extended and ulnarly deviated positions in both wrists. Range of wrist motion was similar in both wrists. The average ROM for keyboard typing with the typists' own posture was about 39 in flexion/extension (FEM) and 29 in radial/ulnar deviation (RUD) in both wrists. The range of wrist motion was significantly reduced to 30 in FEM and 27 in RUD with use of either wrist or forearm supporting devices, which suggests that these devices might help to relieve fatigue, discomfort, or pain during and/or after typing. Results of this study will be of interest to clinicians and helpful to those who are professionally or non-professionally involved in typing.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.129-138
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• 1999

The aim of this study is to obtain new design factors which can be applied to the constructing design of bathrooms. This study was especially focused on the using patterns of the bathrooms of the rural apartment houses in Chungbuk Province which have been constructed by the public program to improve old farm houses. To carry out this study, field study, questionnaire survey and personal interview have been made. The results are as follows. 1) It is essential to lay out a bathtub, because farmers need to relieve their fatigue caused by manual labor, and mostly they don't find a bathhouse in the neighborhood. 2) With the drainage way, it is necessary to equip an apparatus to collect and remove the fallen hair and garbage which usually stop up the beak. 3) Considering the using patterns of the bathrooms as the place of washing one's face, foot, hair and clothes, one more hydrant is needed in the bathroom besides the two hydrants in the washstand and bathtub.