• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 1987

This treatise deals with chronic state of famine and exploitation of famine relief food in the later half of Chosun Period and especially in relation with socio-economic changes. There with the impact of socio-economic factors on the chronic state of famine and exploitation of famine relief food is studied mainly with a literary approach. The influential factors which lead to the chronic state of famine were not only climatic restrictions such as flood and drought but socio-economic factors such as foreign invasion (Japanease invasion and Ching's invasion), frequent breaking out of revolt and technological development of agriculture (rice transplantation). And disorder of land system and cultivation of cash crops by the richer peasantry, lowering the economic status of the poorer peasantry who were a major constituents of the population, aggravated the famine state. Because the poorer peasantry were under the shortage of food, they had to seek something edible in the fields and mountains. In this process various kinds of famine relief foods were exploited by the poorer peasantry. The majority of famine relief foods were wild vegetables. Consequently the Chronic state of famine was a cause to introduce various edible wild vegetables into Korean food, which influenced modern vegetarian food habits and firmed the Korean's favorite taste to be hot and salty. These wild vegetables couldn't have a marvelous effect on the relief of starved people. Potatoes and sweet potatoes, which were newly introduced foreign crops, were encouraged to be cultivated for famine relief. But these tubers, unable to be staple food, didn't contribute to an increase in population.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.12-19
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• 2011

Drawing on its extensive experience with natural disasters, Japan has been dispatching Japan Disaster Relief (JDR) team to disaster-stricken countries to provide specialist assistance in rescue and medical operations. The JDR team has assisted in the wake of disasters including the 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake in China. Information about the affected area is essential for a rapid disaster response. However, it can be difficult to gather information on damages in the immediate post-disaster period. To help overcome this problem, we have built on an Earthquake Damage Estimation System. This system makes it possible to produce distributions of the earthquake's seismic intensity and structural damage based on pre-calculated data such as landform and site amplification factors for Peak Ground Velocity, which are estimated from a Digital Elevation Model, as well as population distribution. The estimation result can be shared with the JDR team and with other international organizations through communications satellite or the Internet, enabling more effective rapid relief operations.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.379-383
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• 2021

This paper discussed environmental health policies for the past and coming decade by reviewing the First Comprehensive Environmental Health Plan (2011~2020) and introducing the Second Comprehensive Environmental Health Plan (2021~2030). The major achievement of the First Comprehensive Environmental Health Plan was the establishment of receptor-oriented environmental health policies. However, the main limitations were insufficient policy support for relief and/or recovery from environmental pollution damage and low public awareness of environmental health policies. The Second Comprehensive Environmental Health Plan presents the following major policy tasks: establish an omnidirectional environment health investigation and monitoring system, provide customized environmental health services, improve the environmental health damage relief and recovery system, and promote regional environmental health policies. The Second Plan has a clear distinction from the First Plan in that it expands the field of environmental health from the prevention and management of environmental risk factors to proactive damage response and recovery, which will effectively contribute to alleviating the burden of environmental disease.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.328-334
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• 2011

Disasters are subject to occur repeatedly ever year. Disaster relief donations are paid in terms of scale of damage. Empirical studies on this issue have not been substantially implemented, in particular, on perceptions by disaster victims and civil servants of local government. Disaster victims and civil servants of local government are seen as the key groups for the support system of disaster relief donations as the former is actual beneficiaries and the latter is to investigate concerned data on decision making for support system. In the regard, in the study, problems and improving directions for more efficient support system are analysed and suggested based on the survey of perception of disaster victims and civil servants of local government. Conclusion and some policy implications are also included in the concluding section.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.211-224
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present a way to alleviate motion sickness(MS) by stimulating acupoint through PEMFs, and to assess the effectiveness of PEMFs against stimulation previously used to stimulate acupoint using biosignal evaluations and surveys. Materials and Methods: Thirteen healthy men participated in the experiment. MS was induced in the participants, and MS relief stimulation was applied for 30 minutes. There were 4 types of MS relief stimulation, and Sham, Reliefband, Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS), and Pulsed electromagnetic fields stimulation(PEMFs) were used. The biosignals were measured during 30 minutes of applying MS relief stimulation, and the symptoms of MS were evaluated through a questionnaire survey. The measured biosignals are Electrocardiogram(ECG), Electrodermal activity(EDA), Respiration, Skin temperature(SKT), and Electrogastrogram(EGG). A one-way ANOVA test was performed for the rate of change by stimulation for MS relief over time. Results: Participants who were stimulated had a sharp decrease in MS symptoms. Biosignals were analyzed to evaluate autonomic nervous system activity, and the parasympathetic nervous system could be activated through stimulation. Conclusion: TENS and PEMFs were more effective in relieving MS symptoms than Reliefband. It is believed that PEMFs will be effective in consideration of the comfort of participants to be applied to actual vehicles, and studies to further verify the effects of PEMFs on MS should be conducted.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2012

When two bands have different look angle in a space-borne camera system, the registration between two bands is required. The registration cannot be modeled with constant parameters because of dynamic of platform and parallax effect. The parallax effect is caused by terrain relief, hence it causes local distortion between two bands. Therefore, the terrain relief correction in order to reduce the parallax effect is required for better registration result, especially for high resolution image data. Such terrain relief correction also can be applied to image data acquired from multiple detectors with different look angle within a band, which is a one of commonly used configuration for a wider swath in space-borne camera system, in order to reduce the distortion between detectors. The RFM is a popular abstract model in remote sensing field, which gives us the relationship between the image plane and geodetic coordinate system. Therefore, we propose a terrain relief correction method based on the RFM. The experiment showed very promising result.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2013

High frequency system has been used for the purpose of skin care and obesity treatment, by high-frequency energy is applied to the human body generates deep heat. Conventional high frequency system could not selection control by depending on the body load fluctuations. Such as burns and side effects have been reported by system instability and then therapeutic effect is insufficient. During treatment, objective information about the status of the patient was no. Because of treatment methods are subjective, and so tailored treatments were impossible. In this paper, high frequency medical system with sinusoidal frequency characteristics without distortion of the Push pull switching scheme for pain relief therapy was designed. And control circuit that was designed by feedback using the output changes according to the body-load fluctuation. Last, power circuit for efficient control the heat generated from the hardware was proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05e
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• pp.108-111
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• 2003

The main objective of this paper is to module design and pressure relief test a new type of polymer gapless surge arrester for power distribution line. Metal oxide surge arrester for most electric power system applications, power distribution line and electric train are now being used extensively to protect overvoltage due to lightning. Surge arresters with porcelain housing must not have explosive breakage of the housing to minimize damage to other equipment when subjected to internal high short circuit current. When breakdown of gapless elements in a surge arrester occurs due to flashover, fault short current flows through the arrester and internal pressure of the arrester rises. The pressure rise can usually be limited by fitting a pressure relief diaphragm and transferring the arc from the inside to the outside of the housing. However, there is possibility of porcelain fragmentation caused by the thermal shock, pressure rise, etc. Non-fragmenting of the housing is the most desired way to prevent damage to other equipment. The pressure change which is occurred by flashover become discharge energy. This discharge energy raises to damage arrester housing and arrester housing is dispersed as small fragment. Therefore, the pressure relief design is requested to obstruct housing dispersion.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.793-798
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• 2009

In this paper, the simulation and optimization of SRH (Surface Relief Hologram) masks for printing LCD gate patterns using TIR (Total Internal Reflection) holographic lithography was investigated. A simulation and optimization algorithm based on SDTA (Scalar Diffraction Theory Analysis) method was developed. The accuracy of the algorithm was compared to that of the RCWA (Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis) method for estimating the Fresnel diffraction pattern of Cr amplitude masks for the given system geometry. In addition, the results from the optimization algorithm were validated experimentally. It was found that one to the most important conditions for the fabrication of SRH masks is to avoid nonlinear shape distortions of the resulting grating. These distortions can be avoided by designing SRH masks with recorded gratings having small aspect ratios of width versus depth. The optimum gap size between the Cr and SRH masks was found using the optimization algorithm. A printed LCD gate pattern with a minimum line width of $1.5{\mu}m$ exposed using the optimized SRH mask was experimentally demonstrated.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.104-115
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• 1979

The dynamic chracteristics of a two stage relief valve is studied theoretically and experimentally. The equations of motion of spools are derived and solved by digital compter simulation to find the stiability criteria.It is shown that the area of main spool head gives damping effect to the system and that the flow pressure-coefficient of the orifice in main spool is one of the most important parameters to determine stability and response. The experimental resuls are in good atreement with the theoretical results.