• Macromolecular Research
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.434-440
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• 2008

Three-armed, star-shaped molecules containing 4-(N,N-diphenyl)amino-4'-nitroazobenzene chromophores were synthesized to study the diffraction behavior after inscribing surface relief gratings. The two molecules differed in terms of their mode of chromophore attachment to the core. In compound 5, they were bound to the core laterally through alkylene spacers, whereas the chromophores were tethered perpendicularly to the core in compound 4. Although 60 wt% of the polar azobenzene chromophores was comprised of large molecules, no aggregation behavior was observed in the absorption spectra of the thin films. The surface relief gratings were elaborated on the surface of the molecular films by the two-beam interference method. The dynamics of grating formation were studied in terms of the diffraction efficiency using two different film samples made up of two star-shaped molecules. The maximum diffraction efficiency of D-$(ENAZ)_3$, compound 4, was measured to be about 30%, which was significantly high. The mode of chromophore attachment affected the dynamic properties of the diffraction gratings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.93-99
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• 1999

A try was carried out to reduce lead time of die manufacturing. That is to make manual machining and finishing work time shorter by improving CAD/CAM modeling methods, so called with "separate modeling" and "relief modeling". The manual machining and finishing manual work time were reduced adapting the novel CAD/CAM modeling methods. Ultimately we accomplished much reduction of the lead time of die manufacturing.f die manufacturing.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.133-142
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• 2011

We produce a photosensitive convex plate to research a Nickel metal relief printing plate using galvanic process. A Method for preparing DLC convex plate that is metalized on Nickel metal relief printing plate using CVD(Chemical Vapor Deposition) process and $N_2DLC$-convex plate that is DLC metalized thin film layer of $N_2$ plasma surface treatment are comprised. DLC thin film layers on Nickel surface are fragile. The results of the research indicate that the coefficient of friction on DLC metalized thin film layer is relatively low than Nickel surface and the durability of Nickel surface coated DLC metalized thin film layer is superior to Nickel surface. A relative evaluation of three form plate wetting properties using varnish liquid-drop plate indicates superior printing aptitudes for $N_2DLC$, DLC, Nichel plate order as above.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 1989

Neurolytic splanchnic nerve block is an effective method for the relief of pain of upper abdominal cancer. Nine cases of intractable upper abdominal cancer pain were treated by splanchnic nerve block with absolute alcohol (25 ml) at the pain clinic of Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, during a 19 month period from March, 1988 to September, 1989. The group included six patients with stomach cancer, two patients with pancreatic cancer, and one patient with hepatobiliary cancer. We used fluoroscopy in all cases of alcohol spianchnic nerve block to determine both, the position of the needle tip, and the spread of the neurolytic solution. Of the 9 patients, 6 patients had excellent pain relief, and 3 patients who had combined upper abdominal and lower back pain had relieved upper abdominal pain only, but remaining lower back pain. Of the 9 patients', 5 patients had excellent pain relief through the patients remaining life (1-2 months) in which follow up was possible.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.687-694
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• 2002

This paper presents the results of 3-D analysis on steady state flow in the region where the leakage in a cable tunnel is occurred due to high excess ground water pressure. In numerical modeling, a relief well is selected as a method of reduction in water pressure at the surrounding region of the cable tunnel. The distribution of ground water level after dewatering by relief wells is analyzed, Results show that the amount of dewatering level in the layer of hard rock is about 4.2∼8.6m, and that in the layer of fracture zone is about 5.8∼8.2m. The predicted settlement at the cable tunnel due to the increase of effective stress by dewatering is 0.3mm.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.395-398
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• 2008

There was heavy rains that happened for 23 days consecutively in 2006. Many regions have suffered because of rains and among them In-Je and Pyung-Chang area are the most suffered areas at that time. I conducted field survey at those two regions. The case of other damaged regions also reviewed in this paper and volunteer activity of volunteer groups is reviewed. I intended to make clear the volunteer activity system through analysing need capacity of volunteers. Main suggestions are as below. In management system, the nexts are discussed. Improving the ability of village headmen and volunteer groups that manage relief stuffs at the first level and cooperating method with companies are discussed. Supporting system for isolated regions and necessity about developing operating manual are suggested. In education system, specialized education for different disaster areas, field orientation education, and training managerial positions are suggested. In supporting system, improving NDMS(National Disaster Management System), computerized program for volunteer management, insurance for volunteers, issuing a confirmation of volunteering activity, securement of emergency communication system, budget for prevention and donation are also suggested.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.885-887
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• 2003

The purpose of this investigation is to generate true orthophotos from high resolution satellite images. The major works of this research include 4 parts: (1) determination of orientation parameters, (2) generating traditional orthophotos using terrain model, (3) relief correction for buildings, and (4) process for hidden areas. To determine the position of satellites, we correct the onboard orientation parameters to fine tune the orbit. In the generation of traditional orthophotos, we employ orientation parameters and digital terrain model(DTM) to rectify tilt displacements and relief displacements for terrain. We, then, compute relief displacements for buildings with digital building model (DBM). To avoid double mapping, we detect hidden areas. Due to the satellite’s small field of view, an efficient method for the detection of hidden areas and building rectification will be proposed in this paper. Test areas cover the city of Kaohsiung in southern Taiwan. Test images are from the QuickBird satellite.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.163-173
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to develop a method to generate micro-relief digital elevation model (DEM) data of the tidal mudflats using multi-temporal Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data. Field spectroscopy measurements showed that reflectance of the exposed mudflat, shallow turbid water, and normal coastal water varied by TM band wavelength. Two sets of DEM data of the inter-tidal mudflat area were generated by interpolating several waterlines extracted from multi-temporal TM data acquired at different sea levels. The waterline appearing in the near-infrared band was different from the one in the middle-infrared band. It was found that the waterline in TM band 4 image was the boundary between the shallow turbid water and normal coastal water and used as a second contour line having 50cm water depth in the study area. DEM data generated by using both TM bands 4 and 5 rendered more detailed topographic relief as compared to the one made by using TM band 5 alone.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.81-88
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• 1998

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.331-343
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of short-wave therapy (SWT) for treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA) as compared to placebo and control, and to assess the question of whether the effects are related to the mode, dosage, and application method. Methods: We searched randomized, placebo-controlled trials using electronic databases. We also manually reviewed sources in order to identify additional relevant studies. Results: Eight studies (597 participants) with OA were included in the meta-analysis. Pulse SWT had a significant effect on pain relief compared with control treatment, while did not favour compared with the placebo group. Pulse SWT had a significant effect on functional improvement compared with control and placebo treatment. Continuous SWT had no effect on pain relief and functional improvement. Capacitive SWT a significant effect on pain relief, functional improvement, and muscle strength. Continuous and capacitive SWT had increased muscle strength significantly. We found no clinical significance of all outcomes except pain and functional improvement in pulsed SWT with low dose. There was no difference in adverse events. None of the participants experienced any serious adverse events. Conclusion: Low dose pulsed SWT provided a short-term clinical benefit for pain relief and functional improvement. Pulsed SWD with low and high dose had effects on pain and function. There seems to be a placebo effect. We found significant effects on pain and function in capacitive SWT. Despite some positive findings, this analysis lacked data on how effectiveness is affected by mode, dosage, and application method of SWT. Further well-designed clinical studies are required in order to confirm the effectiveness of SWT.