• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.3094-3109
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• 2014

This paper proposes a load balanced reliable routing protocol called LBR (Load Balanced Reliable routing) in wireless networks. The LBR protocol transmits messages through a reliable path considering the balancing of the traffic load. Recently, the authors have proposed a multipath-based reliable routing protocol called MRFR, which is an appealing protocol for fault tolerant reliable data transmission. However, However, MRFR has no concern with the problem of load balancing, which results in increasing congestion and consuming high energy at some network nodes. As a result, the problem affects negatively the performance of the network. Taking account of load balancing as a route selection criteria can avoid routing through the congested nodes and allows to find better routes. In this paper, we extend MRFR by considering load balancing in the route discovery process of reliable communication. The simulation results showed that the proposed protocol outperforms AODV in terms of end-to-end delay, packet delivery radio, and average jitter. Compared to MRFR, the LBR protocol has the same packet delivery ratio, and obtains a better efficiency of load balancing.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.2218-2244
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a hybrid routing scheme that utilizes location information to support reliable data transmission in mobile ad hoc networks. The proposed scheme determines and maintains routing path by considering the directionality and connectivity of nodes using grid zones and information on neighbor nodes. In addition, it generates alternative paths with consideration for node distance and reliability. To show the superiority of the proposed routing scheme, a performance evaluation was conducted using simulations. The performance evaluation results show that the proposed scheme offers faster and more reliable data transmission than the existing routing schemes, and the number of messages decreases by approximately 31% compared to the existing schemes on average.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.271-287
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• 2013

We propose a new multipath-based reliable routing protocol on MANETs, Multipath-based Reliable routing protocol with Fast-Recovery of failures (MRFR). For reliable message transmission, MRFR tries to find the most reliable path between a source and a destination considering the end-to-end packet reception reliability of the routes. The established path consists of a primary path that is used to transmit messages, and the secondary paths that are used to recover the path when detecting failures on the primary path. After establishing the path, the source transmits messages through the primary path. If a node detects a link failure during message transmission, it can recover the path locally by switching from the primary to the secondary path. By allowing the intermediate nodes to locally recover the route failure, the proposed protocol can handle the dynamic topological change of the MANETs efficiently. The simulation result using the QualNet simulator shows that the MRFR protocol performs better than other protocols in terms of the end-to-end message delivery ratio and fault-tolerance capability.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권12호
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• pp.3081-3099
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• 2012

We propose a new multipath-based reliable routing protocol on MANETs, Multipath-based Reliable routing protocol with Fast-Recovery of failures (MRFR). For reliable message transmission, MRFR tries to find the most reliable path between a source and a destination considering the end-to-end packet reception reliability of the routes. The established path consists of a primary path that is used to transmit messages, and the secondary paths that are used to recover the path when detecting failures on the primary path. After establishing the path, the source transmits messages through the primary path. If a node detects a link failure during message transmission, it can recover the path locally by switching from the primary to the secondary path. By allowing the intermediate nodes to locally recover the route failure, the proposed protocol can handle the dynamic topological change of the MANETs efficiently. The simulation result using the QualNet simulator shows that the MRFR protocol performs better than other protocols in terms of the end-to-end message delivery ratio and fault-tolerance capability.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2014

Mobility can lead to continual loss of data and service interruptions during communications in multi-hop cognitive radio networks. Mobility of primary users (PUs) or cognitive users (CUs) requires adjustment of multi-hop communications among CUs to avoid any interference to PUs. To provide durable and reliable data routing that ensures continuous network service, we propose mobility-aware cognitive routing (MCR) for multi-hop cognitive radio networks. MCR examines the risk level of each node against interference regions and selects the most reliable path for data delivery using a Markov predictor. Through simulation, we verify that the proposed scheme can avoid route destruction preemptively and achieve reliable data delivery.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제2권6호
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• pp.253-256
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• 2013

VANET에서는 차량 안전 관련 정보가 차량들 간에 안정적으로 전달될 수 있도록 해주는 라우팅 프로토콜이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 도시기반의 VANET 환경에서 차량 간의 빠르고 안정적인 통신을 위하여 차량 밀도 정보를 이용한 라우팅 기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법에서 각 차량은 비콘 메시지와 도로 정보을 이용해서 도로의 차량 밀도를 계산한다. 차량들은 이 정보를 이용해서 패킷을 전송할 안정적인 경로를 설정한다. NS-2 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안 기법과 GPSR의 성능을 비교했으며, 그 결과 제안 기법이 패킷 전송 성공률 측면에서 우수한 성능을 보임을 알 수 있었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3386-3411
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• 2019

Secured and reliable routing is a crucial factor for improving the performance of Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) since these networks are susceptible to many types of attacks. The existing assumption about the internal nodes in wireless mesh networks is that they cooperate well during the forwarding of packets all the time. However, it is not always true due to the presence of malicious and mistrustful nodes. Hence, it is essential to establish a secure, reliable and stable route between a source node and a destination node in WMN. In this paper, a trust based secure routing algorithm is proposed for enhancing security and reliability of WMN, which contains cross layer and subject logic based reliable reputation scheme with security tag model for providing effective secured routing. This model uses only the trusted nodes with the forwarding reliability of data transmission and it isolates the malicious nodes from the providing path. Moreover, every node in this model is assigned with a security tag that is used for efficient authentication. Thus, by combining authentication, trust and subject logic, the proposed approach is capable of choosing the trusted nodes effectively to participate in forwarding the packets of trustful peer nodes successfully. The simulation results obtained from this work show that the proposed routing protocol provides optimal network performance in terms of security and packet delivery ratio.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2012

This paper presents a simple but efficient scheme incorporating a reputation-based approach and a cross-layer approach, called the SIM scheme, for maintaining reliable connectivity and high performance in ad-hoc wireless networks. The SIM scheme incorporates the following two things: an ad-hoc routing scheme with a reputation-based approach exploiting the game theory concept based on an evolutionarily stable strategy, and a cross-layer approach between the network layer and the transport layer employing a reputation-based approach.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2006년도 하계종합학술대회
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• pp.205-206
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• 2006

In this paper, we have proposed an ad-hoc routing protocol named "RRMR (Reliable and Resilient Multipath Routing)" that is expanded from AODV to acquire multiple path at one time. This protocol needs less overhead to configure data routing paths and the paths are maintained to transmit data stably. To get these advantages, RRMR protocol is constructed by expanding from multipath acquiring and maintaining method based on distance vector method and hop-by-hop routing of AODV.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.1585-1609
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• 2013

Over recent years, enormous amounts of research in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been conducted, due to its multifarious applications such as in environmental monitoring, object tracking, disaster management, manufacturing, monitoring and control. In some of WSN applications dependent the energy-efficient and link reliability are demanded. Hence, this paper presents a routing protocol that considers these two criteria. We propose a new mechanism called Reliable Routing Scheme for Energy-Balanced (RRSEB) to reduce the packets dropped during the data communications. It is based on Swarm Intelligence (SI) using the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) method. The RRSEB is a self-adaptive method to ensure the high routing reliability in WSNs, if the failures occur due to the movement of the sensor nodes or sensor node's energy depletion. This is done by introducing a new method to create alternative paths together with the data routing obtained during the path discovery stage. The goal of this operation is to update and offer new routing information in order to construct the multiple paths resulting in an increased reliability of the sensor network. From the simulation, we have seen that the proposed method shows better results in terms of packet delivery ratio and energy efficiency.