• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 1997

The synthetic method of pyrazole was performed by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with dipolarophile instead of the reaction between diazomethane and acetylene. The cycloaddition mechanism and reactivity of 3-phenyloxadiazole derivatives with dipolarophiles was investigated. In order to investigate the mechanism and reactivity of this cycloaddition, the effect of substituents having various kinds of electron withdrawing or releasing groups were examinated. Considering the effect of substituents, an electron withdrawing group attached at the 4-carbon position in 3-phenyloxadiazole derivatives decrease the reaction rate because of the lack of electron density in oxadiazole ring. The reaction rate of 3-phenyloxadiazole derivatives with dipolarophiles were more conveniently measured using UV than using a volumetric analysis which was used before. From the result of this study, it was that the cycloaddition was found to be a first-order reaction depending upon the concentration of 3-phenyloxadiazole only.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.305-318
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• 2009

A marine ranching project in Tongyoung was established in 1998, lasting 9 years to 2006. Project activities included the deployment of artificial reefs, the release of young fishes like jacopever and rockfish, and input/output control for specific marine ranching areas in Tongyoung. This report focuses on the economic feasibility of the project in hindsight. Analysis concentrates on three aspects; (a) direct economic benefits, such as increasing effects of fisheries income and savings in harvesting costs, (b) indirect benefits, including increasing effects of recreational fishing and saving R&D costs, and (c) costs, including releasing and purchasing costs of artificial reef and juvenile fish, R&D costs, maintenance costs and harvesting costs. Results show that NPV=4.7 billion won, IRR=8.55% and B/C ratio=1.286 under Scenario 1, which considers the saving effects of R&D costs, and NPV=0.9 billion won, IRR=6.03% and B/C ratio=1.11 under Scenario 2, which does not consider the saving effects of R&D costs, based on 5.5% of the social rate of discount. According to sensitivity analysis, the economic feasibility is very sensitive to the recapture rate.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2012

Anestrus is one of the most important production limiting disorders in dairy buffaloes and its underlying causes have been a current topic of studies. The objectives of this study were to explore the causes of anestrus in buffaloes with the application of ultrasonography. Two examinations were performed by transrectal ultrasonography at 12 days apart in buffalo cows that were not seen in oestrus at 60 or more days postpartum. As high as 54.5% buffaloes had silent ovulation and 45.5% suffered from the true anestrus with ovarian dysfunction. The duration of anestrus after calving was 60~90, 91~120, 121~180 and 181~365 days in 27%, 32%, 18% and 23% buffalo cows, respectively. Treatment with prostaglandin of cyclic buffalo cows with a corpus luteum (72.7%) resulted in higher estrous rate as compared with close observation of estrus (23.1%) by the farmer (p=0.021). Acyclic buffalo cows without any corpus luteum on ovaries were successfully treated with gonadotropin releasing hormone (70%), resulting in higher estrous detection rate than those treated with a vitamin-mineral mixture (20%) (p=0.035). In conclusion, poor heat detection due to silent ovulation is the most important cause of apparent anoestrus in buffaloes; however the percentage of the true anestrous is also quite high in postpartum buffaloes.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.327-333
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• 2005

pH-sensitive hydrogels were studied as a drug carrier for the protection of insulin from the acidic environment of the stomach before releasing it in the small intestine. In this study, hydrogels based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) networks grafted with methacrylic acid (MAA) or acrylic acid (AAc) were prepared via a two-step process. PEO hydrogels were prepared by ${\gamma}-ray $ irradiation (radiation dose: 50 kGy, dose rate: 7.66 kGy/h), grafted by either MAA or AAc monomers onto the PEO hydrogels and finally underwent irradiation (radiation dose: 520 kGy, dose rate: 2.15 kGy/h). These grafted hydrogels showed a pH-sensitive swelling behavior. The grafted hydrogels were used as a carrier for the drug delivery systems for the controlled release of insulin. Drug-loaded hydrogels were placed in simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) for 2 hr and then in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 6.8). The in vitro drug release behaviors of these hydrogels were examined by quantification analysis with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.25-42
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• 2014

Objectives: To observe the effects of Herb medication on Polycystic Ovary (PCO) in rats. Methods: Riss (Research Information Sharing Service) was searched for Oriental medicine about PCO on 2000~2014. So, Experimental studies using PCO model induced by Estradiol Valerate (EV) was selected to analyze how effects they were. Consequently, 10 studies published on 2000~2014 were selected to analyze about weight of model and both ovaries, the number aries, the number of follicle and corpus of follicle and corpus luteum, the level of serum Androstenedione (ADD) and total estrogen, the level of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF), the crossover rate and the number of implantation. Results: Among them, there was significantly difference between treatment group and control group in weight of both ovaries, the number of follicle and corpora lutea, the crossover rate and the number of implantation. Conclusions: The effects of Herb medication was observed on making weight of ovaries with PCO to promote. The study about effect of Herb medication on NGF and CRF with PCOS had to be conducted. The further research have to focus on treatment of subfertility and infertility, that is field showing the advantage of Oriental medicine.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.220-224
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• 2019

The aluminum (Al)/copper oxide (CuO) complex is known as the most promising material for thermite reactions, releasing a high heat and pressure through ignition or thermal heating. To improve the reaction rate and wettability for handling safety, nanosized primary particles are applied on Al/CuO composite for energetic materials in explosives or propellants. Herein, graphene oxide (GO) is adopted for the Al/CuO composites as the functional supporting materials, preventing a phase-separation between solvent and composites, leading to a significantly enhanced reactivity. The characterizations of Al/CuO decorated on GO(Al/CuO/GO) are performed through scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping analysis. Moreover, the functional bridging between Al/CuO and GO is suggested by identifying the chemical bonding with GO in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The reactivity of Al/CuO/GO composites is evaluated by comparing the maximum pressure and rate of the pressure increase of Al/CuO and Al/CuO/GO. The composites with a specific concentration of GO (10 wt%) demonstrate a well-dispersed mixture in hexane solution without phase separation.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2021

The mass production of fertilized eggs of the convict grouper Hyporthodus septemfasciatus was studied from 2013 to 2020 for industrial aquaculture. The experiment was divided into two groups. Group 1 broodstock was raised from wild-caught fry and used from 2013 to 2020. Group 2 broodstock was raised from artificially propagated fry and used from 2019 to 2020. Males used to collect sperm for artificial insemination weighed more than 7 kg. The effects of various hormones on artificial ovulation were investigated from 2013 onward. Among these, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa) at 100 ㎍/kg body weight showed the most effective results and was used for artificial egg collection from 2014 onward. In Group 1, the average total egg production per year, average egg production per individual, fertilization rate, and hatching rate were 26,143 mL, 609.7 mL, 93.3%, and 91.8%, respectively, and in Group 2, were 2,750 mL, 316.5 mL, 92.1%, and 90.4%, respectively. Based on these results, we showed that a large number of fertilized eggs for artificial seeding could be produced consistently. Moreover, the mass production of fertilized eggs in Group 2 establishes a foundation for the complete aquaculture cycle of H. septemfasciatus.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2002

본 연구는 경상북도 영주지역의 한우 사육농가를 대상으로 사육규모와 형태, 사양관리 방법 등 번식우의 사양관리 형태와 번식우의 번식장애 발생률을 조사하였으며, 번식장애우에 대하여 proge-sterone제재인 control internal drug releasing for cattle(CIDR)를 처리하여 치료효과를 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다 번식장애우에 대한 CIDR 처리는 7일간 질내에 삽입하였으며, 제거 하루 전에 PGF$_2$$\alpha$를 투여하여 황체를 퇴행 발정을 유기하고 발정 확인 후 10시간 간격으로 인공수정을 실시 임신의 유무로 치료 판정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 경북 영주지방의 127호의 한우 사육농가에서 사육하는 총 1,061두의 번식우의 번식상황을 조사한 결과 번식장애우는 209두로서 발생률은 19.7%이었다. 사육규모별 번식장애 발생율은 10두 이하, 10~20두 및 20두 이상 농가에서 각각 37.5, 14.7 및 13.6%로서 사육규모가 커질수록 발생률이 유의적으로(P<0.05) 낮아지는 경 향이 었다. 2. 번식우의 농가 사육형태별 번식장애 발생률은 계류사육이 30.4%로서 군사의 14.7%보다 유의 적으로(P<0.05) 발생률이 높았으며, 군사의 경우 두당 사육면적이 넓을수록 번식장애 발생률이 낮아지는 경향이었다. 3. 번식장애우의 산차별 분포를 보면 미경산우가 50.7%로 가장 많았으며 산차가 증가할수록 번식장애우에서 차지하는 비율이 감소하는 경향이었다. 4. 번식장애우의 요인별 분포는 무발정이 65.1%, 미약발정 29.2%, 난소낭종 4.3% 그리고 기타1.4%의 순으로 많이 분포되었다. 5. 209두의 번식장애우에 CIDR를 처리하고 인공 수정한 결과 157두가 임신되어 75.1%의 치료효과를 얻었다. 번식장애우의 신체충실 지수별 치료효과는 신체충실 지수가 1, 2 및 3인 경우 수태 율이 각각 85.7, 84.9 및 86.8%로서 유의 적으로(P<0.05) 높았으며, 전체적으로 다소 야윈 경우가 과비된 경우에 비하여 치료 효과가 좋았다. 본 연구결과를 종합하면, 한우 사육농가의 번식장애 발생률은 19.7%로서 사육규모가 커서 농가의 관심도가 높을수록 또한 계류보다는 넓은 면적에서 군사하는 경우가 번식장애 발생률이 낮았으며, 요인별로는 발정과 관련된 장애가 많았다. 이러한 번식장애우도 농가에서 손쉽게 이용할 수 있는 progesterone 제재인 CIDR를 처리함으로서 75.1%를 치료할 수 있으며 치료 효과를 높이기 위해서는 신체충실지수를 1, 2 및 3으로 유지하기 위한 적정 사양관리가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.143-151
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• 1997

The present study was designed to investigate if antithyroid antibodies (ATA) could affect the pregnancy outcome in euthyroid women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). From October 1995 to September 1996, 28 euthyroid women with ATA who underwent IVF-ET were studied. Fifty-one euthyroid women without ATA who underwent IVF-ET served as control. Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOA) and thyroglobulin antibody (TGA) were assayed using radio ligand assay kits as ATA. All patients included in study and control groups had only tubal factor in infertility. Long protocol of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) was used for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in all patients. There were no significant differences between study and control groups in patient characteristics such as age, infertility duration and hormonal profile. There were also no significant differences between two groups with respect to the clinical response to COH and IVF results such as number of retrieved oocytes, fertilization rate, number of embryos frozen and number of embryos transfered. There were no correlations between ATA (TPOA and TGA) titers and fertilization rate. The clinical pregnancy rate per cycle seemed to be lower in the study group than in the control group (26.3% vs 39.3%), but the difference was not statistically significant. The biochemical pregnancy rate per cycle and miscarriage rate were significantly higher in the study group at 18.4% (7/38) and 40.0% (4/10) compared with 5.6% (5/89) and 11.4% (4/35) in the control group. In the study group, both TPOA and TGA titers were significantly higher in the biochemical pregnancy group than in the clinical pregnancy group or non-pregnancy group. In 10 women with ATA who achieved pregnancy following IVF-ET, both TPOA and TGA titers were significantly higher in the miscarriage group than in the ongoing or delivery group. In conclusion, euthyroid women with ATA appear to represent a less favorable subset within other tubal factor patients when treated with IVF-ET.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 1993

In 27 patients with the past history of poor response to the gonadotropin superovulation induction due to poor follicular growth or permature surge of endogenous luteinizing hormone, the effectiveness of pituitary supperssion with the gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist(GnRH-a) in in vitro fertilization(IVF) program was evaluated in 43 cycles using a combination regimen of D-Trp-6 LHRH(Decapeptyl, Ferring)and FSH/hMG from June, 1989 to August, 1990 at Korea University Hospital IVF Clinic. At midluteal phase of menstrual cycle, Decapeptyl-CR was administered by long-term protocol to minimize initial agonistic effect of endogenous gonadotropins. After the confirmation of pituitary suppression, about 2-3 weeks after GNRH-a administration, ovarian follicle growth was stimulated with FSH/hMG and followed by transvaginal ultrasonic measurement of follicle size and by monitoring of serm E2 and LH if necessary. When compared with the control group stimulated with gonadotropin regimen only, the cancellation rate and occurrence rate of premature LH surge during gonadotropin treatment were significantly lower in study group(11.6% and 2.4%, respectively). There is no significant differences in the mean number of aspirated oocytes, fertilization/cleavage rate, embryo transfer(ET) rate, and mean number of embryos transferred between the two groups. The pregnancy rate per treatment cycle, 16.3%, and per ET cycle, 23.3%, were significantly higher in the study group compared with those of control group. These data suggest that GnRH-a therapy is effective for previous poor responder In gonadotropin superovulation induction for IVF.