• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.9-16
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• 2012

In order to extend cell coverage and to cope with shadow areas, a relay-assisted wireless communications system has been widely studied. In this paper, we propose new equalization method for single carrier (SC) frequency domain equalizer (FDE) in amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying multi-path networks to improve the performance at shadow areas. The performance of SC-FDE system in 3-slot based multi-path networks can be improved considerably with the diversity gain which we obtain by equalizing the combined signal from relays by means of the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criteria. We find the weighting coefficients of maximum ratio combining (MRC) and the tap coefficients of MMSE equalizer for SC-FDE in AF relaying multi-path networks. Simulation results show that the proposed system considerably outperforms the conventional SC-FDE system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.2022-2028
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• 2017

Recently, the energy shortage of sensors and the leakage of private information are considered as serious problems as the number of sensors is increasing due to the technological advance in Internet-of-Things. RF energy harvesting, in which sensors collect energy from external RF signals, and physical layer security become increasingly important to solve these problems. In this paper, we propose a time switching-based network analog coding for improving information security in wireless networks where the relay can harvest energy from source signals. We formulate 2-hop relay networks where an eavesdropper tries to overhear source signals, and find an optimal time switching ratio for maximizing the minimum required secrecy capacity using mathematical analysis. Through simulations under various environments, it is shown that the proposed scheme improves the minimum required secrecy capacity significantly, compared to the conventional scheme.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.103-113
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• 2010

In this paper, a tradeoff between the total energy consumption-per-bit and the end-to-end rate under spatial reuse in wireless multi-hop network is developed and analyzed. The end-to-end rate of the network is the number of information bits transmitted (end-to-end) per channel use by any node in the network that is forwarding the data. In order to increase the bandwidth efficiency, spatial reuse is considered whereby simultaneous relay transmissions are allowed provided there is a minimum separation between such transmitters. The total energy consumption-per-bit includes the energy transmitted and the energy consumed by the receiver to process (demodulate and decoder) the received signal. The total energy consumption-per-bit is normalized by the distance between a source-destination pair in order to be consistent with a direct (single-hop) communication network. Lower bounds on this energy-bandwidth tradeoff are analyzed using convex optimization methods. For a given location of relays, it is shown that the total energy consumption-per-bit is minimized by optimally selecting the end-to-end rate. It is also demonstrated that spatial reuse can improve the bandwidth efficiency for a given total energy consumption-per-bit. However, at the rate that minimizes the total energy consumption-per-bit, spatial reuse does not provide lower energy consumption-per-bit compared to the case without spatial reuse. This is because spatial reuse requires more receiver energy consumption at a given end-to-end rate. Such degraded energy efficiency can be compensated by varying the minimum separation of hops between simultaneous transmitters. In the case of equi-spaced relays, analytical results for the energy-bandwidth tradeoff are provided and it is shown that the minimum energy consumption-per-bit decreases linearly with the end-to-end distance.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.335-343
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• 2014

This paper considers the crucial problem of deploying wireless relays for achieving a connected wireless sensor network in indoor environments, an important aspect related to the management of the sensor network. Several algorithms have been proposed for ensuring full sensing coverage and network connectivity. These algorithms are not applicable to indoor environments because of the complexity of indoor environments, in which a radio signal can be dramatically degraded by obstacles such as walls. We first prove theoretically that the indoor relay placement problem is NP-hard. We then predict the radio coverage of a given relay deployment in indoor environments. We consider two practical scenarios; wire-connected relays and radio-connected relays. For the network with wire-connected relays, we propose an efficient greedy algorithm to compute the deployment locations of relays for achieving the required coverage percentage. This algorithm is proved to provide a $H_n$ factor approximation to the theoretical optimum, where $H_n=1+{\frac{1}{2}}+{\cdots}+{\frac{1}{n}}={\ln}(n)+1$, and n is the number of all grid points. In the network with radio-connected relays, relays have to be connected in an ad hoc mode. We then propose an algorithm based on the previous algorithm for ensuring the connectivity of relays. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms achieve better performance than baseline algorithms.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.12B
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• pp.1670-1679
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• 2011

In the area of wireless sensor networks, sensor coverage and network connectivity problems are caused by a limited detection range and the communication distance of the nodes. To solve the coverage and connectivity problems, many studies are suggested, but most research is restricted to apply into the real environment because they didn't consider various environmental factors on wireless sensor network deployment. So in this paper, we propose a node deployment strategy considering environmental factors and the number of nodes in surveillance and reconnaissance sensor networks(SRSN). The proposed node deployment method divides the installation of the surveillance and reconnaissance sensor networks system into four steps such as identification of influences factors for node placement through IPB process, sensor node deployment based on sensing range, selection of monitoring site, and relay node deployment based on RF communication range. And it deploys the sensor nodes and relay nodes considered the features of the surveillance and reconnaissance sensor network system and environmental factors. The result of simulation indicates that the proposed node deployment method improves sensor coverage and network connectivity.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.471-476
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose an energy efficient hybrid MAC protocol for multi-hop wireless sensor networks. The proposed MAC protocol used a hybrid mechanism, in which contention-based MAC protocol and contention free MAC protocol are combined. The sensor nodes located far from the sink node usually send few data packet since they try to send measured data by themselves. So contention-based MAC protocol is useful among them. But other nodes located near sink node usually have lots of data packets since they plays as a relay node. Contention-based MAC protocol among them is not suitable. Using contention-based MAC protocol in heavy data traffic environment, packet collisions and transmission delay may increase. In this paper, slot assignment between sender nodes by sink node is used. The proposed mechanism is efficient in energy and latency. Results showed that our MAC protocol outperformed other protocol in terms of data packet delivery delay and energy consumption.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.996-1004
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose two clustering schemes to prolong lifetime by improving unbalance of energy consumption among sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks. The first proposed scheme make up clusters according to density of sensor nodes in initial stage of wireless sensor networks for reducing energy consumption of wireless sensor networks. After the initial stage, a cluster header is selected by a relay scheme that determines a cluster header of next round among cluster members. by estimating of energy consumption of cluster members for improving unbalance of energy consumption among cluster members.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.2A
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• pp.134-141
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a scheduling algorithm to improve the performance of IEEE 802.16 based wireless mesh networks using directional antenna. The performance is presented in terms of throughput of system and delay between each node by varying number of users. The result show that proposed scheduling algorithm improving the performance by reducing the delay of mesh network system. Our work may be useful as a guideline to control the fairness between SSs for multi-hop systems such as multi-hop relay and mesh networks.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.11B
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• pp.792-803
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• 2005

Ultra wide band (UWB) technology will be applied in the high rare wireless personal area networks (WPANs) for its high rate, low power, and innate immunity to multipath fading. In this paper, a power aware multi-hop packet relay MAC protocol in UWB based WPANs is proposed and a power aware path status factor (PAPSF), which is derived from SINR and power resource condition of each device, is used to select a suitable relay node. Compared with relaying by piconet coordinator (PNC), which is easily chosen by other ad hoc routing protocol, the new scheme can achieve hi임or throughput, decrease the time required for transmitting high power signal and we can easily distribute the battery power consumption from PNC to other devices in the piconet to prevent the PNC device using up its battery too fast and finally avoid PNC handover too frequently.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.11
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• pp.1167-1176
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• 2014

In this paper, a relay communication scheme for enhancing the WiMedia network performance by device's mobility is proposed. WiMedia protocol is suitable for the application that supports the real-time multimedia service in Ship Area Network since it supports high speed data transfer. However, the device's mobility is caused the dramatic change of link state and network topology, and is occurred the degradation of network performance. Therefore, a relay communication scheme for WiMedia network is proposed in this paper. The proposed technique can intelligently treat the change of link state, and solve the degradation of network performance.