• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1997

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate FRP rod for aging, which exposed to salt water and pure at elevated temperature. Dielectric constant and tan .delta. on time and frequency domain were tested to observe how rapidly the FRP rod aged. Dielectric constants of FRP rods with treating time were slightly increased. That of FRP rods with frequency, However, showed strongly the effects of large relaxation time estimated from interfacial polarization a or ionic. It is obvious that absorbed water affects to dielectric and electric properties of FRP with increasing the treating time.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.226-231
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• 1992

식물조직의 응력완화 측정 중에 압축응력에 의하여 조직의 내부구조가 변화되는 것을 고려하여 응력완화 곡선을 직선화할 수 있는 일반화 된 실험적 모델 $[F_{(o)}t^n/(F_{(o)}-F_{(t)})=k_1+k_2t]$을 제안하였다. 여기서 $F_{(o)}$는 초기응력, $F_{(t)}$는 t시간 후의 잔여응력, $k_1$, $k_2$와 n은 상수이다. 이 모델은 오이, 감, 사과, 감자, 고구마, 당근 등의 신선한 과일 및 채소류의 응력완화 곡선의 직선화 모델로서 매우 잘 적용되었을 뿐만 아니라 염절임, 당장 및 열처리한 채소류 조직에도 잘 적용되었다. 이 모델로부터 구조거동지수로 정의한 n값은 생시료인 경우 $1.14{\sim}l.35$ 범위로 응력완화 동안에 조직변동이 큰 시료일수록 큰 값을 나타내었고 처리된 시료일 경우 1에 가까워졌다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.1032-1043
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• 1989

본 연구에서는 해석적으로 열적 입구 길이를 규명하는데 필요한 와류 열확산 계수를 실험 결과를 이용하여 결정하고, 시험관 입구의 형상 변화가 열전달 특성에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 결정하며, 열적 입구 길이 영역에서 국소 열전달 계수를 표시할 수 있는 실험식을 제시하고, 유체의 전단율에 따른 점성 계수의 실험 결과와 점탄성 유체의 특성시간을 이용한 새로운 무차원 수인 Weissenberg수를 결정하여 퇴화 현상을 분석하고저 한다.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2002

Recent results obtained for the port-pom model and the constitutive equations with time-strain separability are examined. The time-strain separability in viscoelastic systems Is not a rule derived from fundamental principles but merely a hypothesis based on experimental phenomena, stress relaxation at long times. The violation of separability in the short-time response just after a step strain is also well understood (Archer, 1999). In constitutive modeling, time-strain separability has been extensively employed because of its theoretical simplicity and practical convenience. Here we present a simple analysis that verifies this hypothesis inevitably incurs mathematical inconsistency in the viewpoint of stability. Employing an asymptotic analysis, we show that both differential and integral constitutive equations based on time-strain separability are either Hadamard-type unstable or dissipative unstable. The conclusion drawn in this study is shown to be applicable to the Doi-Edwards model (with independent alignment approximation). Hence, the Hadamardtype instability of the Doi-Edwards model results from the time-strain separability in its formulation, and its remedy may lie in the transition mechanism from Rouse to reptational relaxation supposed by Doi and Edwards. Recently in order to describe the complex rheological behavior of polymer melts with long side branches like low density polyethylene, new constitutive equations called the port-pom equations have been derived in the integral/differential form and also in the simplifled differential type by McLeish and carson on the basis of the reptation dynamics with simplifled branch structure taken into account. In this study mathematical stability analysis under short and high frequency wave disturbances has been performed for these constitutive equations. It is proved that the differential model is globally Hadamard stable, and the integral model seems stable, as long as the orientation tensor remains positive definite or the smooth strain history in the flow is previously given. However cautious attention has to be paid when one employs the simplified version of the constitutive equations without arm withdrawal, since neglecting the arm withdrawal immediately yields Hadamard instability. In the flow regime of creep shear flow where the applied constant shear stress exceeds the maximum achievable value in the steady flow curves, the constitutive equations exhibit severe instability that the solution possesses strong discontinuity at the moment of change of chain dynamics mechanisms.

• 청정기술
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.228-238
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• 2024

리튬 이온 전지 전해액은 양극과 음극 사이 리튬 이온의 이동의 매개체로 배터리의 수명과 셀 특성 등을 결정한다. 특히 전해액의 유전율은 염을 해리할 수 있는 용매의 능력으로 전해액 조성을 결정하는 중요한 물성이다. 본 연구에서는 전해액의 유전율을 빠르고 높은 신뢰도로 측정할 수 있는 방법으로 개방 단말 동축선(open-ended coaxial probe, OECP) 시스템을 구축하고 propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate 및 이들 혼합물의 복소 유전율을 0.1 ~ 8 GHz의 주파수 영역과 288.15, 298.15, 그리고 308.15 K의 온도에서 측정하였다. 모든 정적 유전율 자료는 기존 문헌과 높은 일치도를 보였으며 Wang-Anderko 열역학 모형으로 1% 내외의 정확도로 상관할 수 있었다. 추가적으로 유전 이완 시간과 이완 함수의 지수 항 등의 이완 파라미터의 분석 결과 전해질 혼합물의 구조는 propylene carbonate의 몰분율이 0.4일 때를 기점으로 크게 변함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들은 본 연구에서 구축한 OECP 시스템이 다양한 전해질의 유전율을 신속하고 높은 신뢰도로 측정할 수 있으며 이들의 미시 구조를 해석할 수 있는 유용한 도구로 활용될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.1041-1047
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• 1997

In this paper the dielectric properties of (0.8-x)Pb(Mb$_{1}$3//Nb/2/3)O$_3$/BaTiO$_3$-CaZrO$_3$(x=0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25) ceramics were investigated. Specimens were prepared by the conventional mixed oxide method and sintering temperature and time were 1000~115$0^{\circ}C$ 2hr, respectively. The structural and dielectric properties with variation of sintering temperature and composition were investigated. All the specimens sintered at 115$0^{\circ}C$ for 2hr showed the highest value of 1043. With increasing the contents of CZ and frequency dielectric constant was decreased and which was decreased with increasing temperature from 3$0^{\circ}C$ to 15$0^{\circ}C$.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2012

고력볼트의 초기 체결력은 미끄럼표면조건에 따라, 일정시간이 경과될 때까지, 축력저하가 발생한다. 이 연구는 미끄럼접합부 표면에 도장이 되어있는 경우, 도장의 크리프현상에 따른 축력저하에 관한 예측 모델을 찾는 것이다. 이 실험연구 범위는 무기질 아연 프라이머로 도포된 볼트접합부의 장기축력저하에 한정한다. 실험에 적용된 볼트종류는 다크로 도포된 토크쉬어 볼트이다. 대상 표면의 도막 두께는 각각 96, 168, $226{\mu}m$ 이었다. 도막두께가 증가될수록, 초기 체결이후 축력이완율은 도막의 크리프 때문에 10%에서 18%로 증가되었다. 장기축력예측을 위한 정량적인 모델은 도막두께에 따른 크리프 스트레인과 경과된 시간사이에 회귀분석 결과로 얻어진다. 이 실험연구를 통해 미끄럼표면 도막의 크리프 거동특성을 알 수 있다면, 일정시간 경과후 고력볼트 체결력은 초기 체결력으로부터 구할 수 있다. 본 실험결과를 근거로 각 도막두께에 대한 장기축력이완이후의 고력볼트 체결력에 관한 정량적인 수식을 제안하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.332-337
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• 1989

재수화한 동결건조 즉석미반의 리올로지 성질을 통상법으로 취반한 미반과 비교하면서 조사하였다. 온도$(60{\sim}90^{\circ}C)$를 달리한 복원시간에 따른 미립 경도의 역수(연화도)는 복원온도에 상관없이 1차 반응 속도식에 따라 감소하였고, 경도반응의 속도 상수 값은 온도에 따라 증가하였으며, 이의 활성화 에너지는 6.1 kcal/g-mol이었다. 여러 온도 $(60{\sim}90^{\circ}C)$에서 복원시킨 즉석미반의 압축응력 완화 곡선은 통상법으로 취반한 미반과 마찬가지로 일반화된 Maxwell의 6요소 역학모형으로 설명되었고, 즉석미반은 취반미보다 완화되기 쉬우나 복원온도가 높을수록 탄력성이 높아지는 특성을 나타내었다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2005

An automotive bushing is a device used in automotive suspension systems to reduce the load transmitted from the wheel to the frame of the vehicle. A bushing is a hollow cylinder, which is bonded to a solid steel shaft at its inner surface and a steel sleeve at its outer surface. The relation between the force applied to the shaft and the relative deformation of a bushing is nonlinear and exhibits features of viscoelasticity. In this paper, an automotive bushing is regarded as nonlinear viscoelastic incompressible material. Instron 8801 equipment was used for experimental res earch and ramp-to-constant displacement control test was used for data acquisition. Displacement dependent force relaxation function was obtained from the force extrapolation method and expressed as the explicit combination of time and displacement. Pipkin-Rogers model, which is the direct relation of force and displacement, was obtained and comparison studies between the experimental results and the Pipkin-Rogers results were carried out.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.134-153
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• 1988

This paper was carried out to investigate the existence of a unique stress- strain behavior by obtaining some factors influencing the time dependent stress- strain behavior of clay. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows ; 1. The relationship between stress ratro and strain in normally consolidated clay was in- dependent on pre-shear consolidation pressure. Therefore, shear strain could be expressed as a function with stress ratio. 2. The constitutive equation of shear strain on Modified Carn Clay Model coincided better with the observed value than Cam Clay Model. 3. The relationships between deviator stress and shear strain, between pore water pressure and shear strain were unified by the mean equivalent pressure. 4. The shear strain contour in norrnally consolidated clay was increased linearly through origin, but that in overconsolidated clay was not in accordance with the result of the former. 5. Because the effective stress path of normally consolidated clay was unified by the mean equivalent pressure, state boundary surface in (e,p,q) space was transformed into two dimensional surface. But it was considered to be suitable that the unified stress- strain in overconsolidated clay be expressed by a function with overconsolidation ratio. 6. The deviator for constant strain was increased linearly with increment of strain rate ($\varepsilon$) on semi-log scale, but pore water pressure was decreased. 7. The behavior of stress relaxation was transformed from linear to curvilinear with inc - rement of strain rate before stress relaxation test, and pore water pressure was increased in total range. 8. The strain of creep was increased linearly with increment of time on semi-log scale. The greater the strain rate before creep test became, the greater the increment of strain of creep became. And the pore water pressure during creep test was increased generally with increment of time on semi-log scale.