• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.398-401
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• 1997

The EMG signal of spinal cord injured patient is very feeble because that the information from central nervous system is not sufficiently transmitted to molter neuron or muscle fiber. Therefore the observer can not observe contraction and relaxation movement of muscle from the raw EMG signal. In this paper, we propose the muscle contraction and relaxation pattern analysis method of spinal cord injured patient whose EMG signal is composed of the sum of motor unit action potential train with additive white Gaussian noise and impulsive noise. From the EMG model, we denoise impulsive noise using median filter which is a kind of nonlinear filter and the output of median filter is transformed to wavelet transform domain for denoising additive white Gaussian noise using threshold level removal technique. As a result, we can obtain the clear contraction and relaxation pattern.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.133-142
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• 1993

본 논문은 2차원 물체의 형상 매칭에 관한것으로 다각근사화된 단순 2차원 물체에 적용하였다. 많은 형상 매칭 방법론이 수학적 벡터의 의현에 기초를 두고 확솔적인 패턴 인식을 사용하고 있다. 유출된 형상의 다양성과 많은 데이타량은 형상의 전체적인 구조의 관계를 나타내는데 단점을 갖고 있다. 본 논문에서는 영상을 다 각근사적 과정를 통하여 Relaxation 라벨링 기술을 이용함으로써 형상 매칭의 지점을 해결하였다.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.17-36
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• 2010

본 연구는 심상 중심의 음악 감상이 고위험 임산부들의 생리적 심리적 이완에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 음악치료 중재는 대학병원 분만실에 입원한 15명의 고위험 임산부들을 대상으로 11회기에 걸쳐 이루어졌으며 자료 수집은 첫1회기에만 실시하였다. 생리적, 심리적 이완을 측정하기 위한 도구로는 대상자들의 말초피부온도와 시각비유척도(VAS)를 이용하였다. 본 연구의 음악 감상 프로그램을 위하여 27곡의 이완 음악을 선곡하였고, MI 기법을 수정 보완하여 심상 중심의 음악 감상 프로그램을 재구성하였다. 연구 결과 사전 사후에 측정한 말초피부온도의 변화 및 시각비유척도(VAS)의 점수 변화가 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 분석되어(p < .01), 심상 중심의 음악 감상이 고위험 임산부의 생리적 심리적 이완을 증진하는 데 효과적이었음이 입증되었다. 또한 음악 감상 과정에서 대상자들이 경험한 심상에 대한 내용분석 결과, 희망적이고 긍정적인 심상 경험이 불안과 스트레스를 감소시키고 낙관적인 사고와 심리적 지지를 제공해 주었음을 알 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.199-207
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• 1993

To study the underlying mechanism through which the endothelium-dependent relaxation is inhibited by blocking the $Na^+\;-K^+$ pump, the effects of $Na^+\;-K^+$ pump blockade on the release of EDRF and its relaxing activity were examined, using organ bath study, bioassay technique, and cGMP measurement. Endothelium-dependent relaxation was attenuated by blocking the $Na^+\;-K^+$ pump in the vascular ring with intact endothelium. In bioassay experiment EDRF release was decreased with the blockade of the $Na^+\;-K^+$ pump in the EDRF donor strip. Endothelium-dependent increase of cGMP level was suppressed by inhibiting the $Na^+\;-K^+$ pump in the test strips. The magnitude of relaxation of test strip which was induced by the perfusate that had passed through the EDRF donor strip was decreased with the blockade of the $Na^+\;-K^+$ pump in the test strip. Therefore, it could be suggested that the attenuation of endothelium-dependent relaxation caused by inhibiting $Na^+\;-K^+$ pump activity is due to both the decreased release of EDRF from endothelial cells and the decreased sensitivity of the smooth muscle cells to EDRF.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.548-561
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• 1989

In single atrial cells isolated from the rabbit the properties of inward current of Na-Ca exchange were investigated using the whole cell voltage clamp technique. The current was recorded during repolarization following brief 2 ms depolarizing pulse to +40 mV from a holding potential of * 70 mV. Followings are the results obtained: 1. When stimulated every 30 seconds, the inward currents were activated and reached peak values 6-12 ms after the beginning of depolarizing pulse. The mean current amplitude was 342 pA/cell. 2. The current decayed spontaneously from the peak activation and the time course of the relaxation showed two different phases fast and slow phase. The time constants were 10-18 ms and 60-140 ms, respectively. 3. The recovery of inward current was tested by paired pulse of various intervals. The peak current recovered exponentially with time constant of 140 ms and 1 p M isoprenaline accelerated the recovery process. 4. Relaxation time course was also affected by pulse interval and time constant of the fast phase was reduced almost linearly according to the decrease of pulse interval between 30 sec and 1 sec. 5. The peak activation was increased in magnitude by long prepulse stimulation, 5 p M Bay K, 1 p M isoprenaline or internal and external application of c-AMP. 6. The relaxation time constant of the fast phase was prolonged by 5 p M Bay K or c-AMP, and shortened by isoprenaline. However the time course of the slow relaxation phase was not so much changed. From the above results, it could be concluded that increase of the calcium current by Bay K or c-AMP results in the potentiation and prolongation of intracellular calcium transient, and the facilitation of Ca uptake by SR might be a mechanism of shortening the time constant of current relaxation by short interval stimulation or isoprenaline.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.31-47
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• 1994

The purposes of this research are to examine the effects of muscle relaxation to the rheumatoid arthritis patients' physiological, psychological, and social adaptation, and to verify that the technique Is an effective tool for improving the patients' adaptation. This research utilized a qusi-experimental design that compares the pre-experiment measures and the post-experiment measures. The subjects of this study were 37 out-patients who were diagnosed for rheumatoid arthritis in P university hospital and K clinic between September 12, 1993 and November 30, 1993. The experimental group consisted of patients treated on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. The control group consisted of patients treated on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday The pre-experimental survey utilized the following tools. The physiological adaptation was measured by a graphic rating scale for pain and activity of daily living. The psychological adaptation was measured by Zung's depression scale and Rosenberg's self-esteem scale : and the social adaptation was measured by Derogatis' psychosocial adjustment scale. The experimental group received muscle relaxation treatment for 15 minutes per day for the period of 2 weeks, the control group received no treatment and had quiet time. The post-experiment measurement was carried out similar to the pre-experiment survey, SPSS $PC^+$ is used to analyze the collected data. The reliabilities of the measurement tools were examined by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficients. The homogeneities between the experimental and control groups were tested by t-test and chi-square test, hypotheses were tested by t-test. This research found that the general characteristics between the groups were statistically homogenious. The physiological, psychological, and social adaptation between the groups in the pre-experimental survey were also statistically homogenious. The results of this research can be summarized as follows : 1. Concerning the Physiological adaptation, the experimental group showed a statistically lower pain score than the control group. Thus, muscle relaxation was effective to relieve the pain of rheumatoid arthritis patients (t=-2.95, p=.006). 2. Concerning the psychological adaptation, the experimental group showed a statistically lower depression score than the control group. Thus, muscle relaxation was effective to reduce the patient's depression(t=-4.00, p=.001). 3. Concerning social adaptation, the experimental group showed a statistically higher score for the health maintenance and disease control than the control groups. Thus, muscle relaxation was effective for the health maintenance and disease control (t=2.09, p=.004). This research showed that the muscle relaxation is a nursing intervention that can promote the physiological, psychological and social adaptation of the rheumatoid arthritis patients in terms of short-term and cognitive changes. However, more fundomental changes in behavior and long-term physiology could not be found through such a short-term relaxation treatment.

• 음성과학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Seo Dongil's voice technique on voice quality in patient with adductor spasmodic dysphonia. One patient participated in the study. The subject was assessed acoustically (Ave Fo, Ave Int, percent speech time, percent silence time, percent voice time, percent voiceless time) and perceptually (GRBAS scales) in the first and last session. Dr. Speech (version 4.0, Tiger-DRS) was used to compare acoustic parameters of pre-and post-treatment. Seo Dongil's voice technique consisted of relaxation, breathing exercise and phonation exercise. The results were as follows: First, Seo Dongil's voice technique tented to be effective on decreasing voice break and voice stoppage in patient with adductor spasmodic dysphonia. Second, GRBAS scales showed that Seo Dongil's voice technique was effective on improving voice quality of patient with adductor spasmodic dysphonia.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2007년도 동계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.104-105
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• 2007

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.2595-2618
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• 2018

In this paper, we investigate secure communication with the presence of multiple eavesdroppers (Eves) in a two-tier downlink dense heterogeneous network, wherein there is a macrocell base station (MBS) and multiple femtocell base stations (FBSs). Each base station (BS) has multiple users. And Eves attempt to wiretap a macrocell user (MU). To keep Eves ignorant of the confidential message, we propose a physical-layer security scheme based on cross-layer cooperation to exploit interference in the considered network. Under the constraints on the quality of service (QoS) of other legitimate users and transmit power, the secrecy rate of system can be maximized through jointly optimizing the beamforming vectors of MBS and cooperative FBSs. We explore the problem of maximizing secrecy rate in both non-colluding and colluding Eves scenarios, respectively. Firstly, in non-colluding Eves scenario, we approximate the original non-convex problem into a few semi-definite programs (SDPs) by employing the semi-definite relaxation (SDR) technique and conservative convex approximation under perfect channel state information (CSI) case. Furthermore, we extend the frame to imperfect CSI case and use the Lagrangian dual theory to cope with uncertain constraints on CSI. Secondly, in colluding Eves scenario, we transform the original problem into a two-tier optimization problem equivalently. Among them, the outer layer problem is a single variable optimization problem and can be solved by one-dimensional linear search. While the inner-layer optimization problem is transformed into a convex SDP problem with SDR technique and Charnes-Cooper transformation. In the perfect CSI case of both non-colluding and colluding Eves scenarios, we prove that the relaxation of SDR is tight and analyze the complexity of proposed algorithms. Finally, simulation results validate the effectiveness and robustness of proposed scheme.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.1039-1048
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 새로운 비선형 와류격자법 계산 과정이 제안된다. 기존의 계산 과정은 자유와의 형태 계산을 위해 내부 반복계산 및 하향이완법을 포함한다. 하지만 본 논문에서는 유사 정상 개념에 기초한 새로운 수식을 제안하여 자유와의 형태를 계산함으로써, 계산 과정에서 내부 반복계산 및 하향이완법을 생략한다. 또한 반복계산이 진행됨에 따라 각 분절에 유도되는 유속도를 적절히 평균해 줌으로써 알고리듬의 수치적 안정성을 향상시킨다. 그리고 낮은 종횡비 날개에 대한 수치실험을 수행하여 분절의 길이, 와류중심반경, 후류영역 계산범위 등과 같은 중요 인자들의 적절한 기준을 경험적으로 결정한다.