• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.287-291
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• 2007

The factors and mechanisms by infection of Oriental Tsutsugamushi caused disease are not well understood. The onset of tsutsugamushi disease is characterized by chilliness, fever, malaise, headache and generalized aching. Infection of tsutsugamushi is the cause of impairment of function of a major organ often complicate the picture and immediately change the prognosis for the worse. Tsutsugamushi disease is reported that this disease is characterized by the histopathogenesis of liver, kidney, heart, and lung, but the variation of biochemical components in serum of tsutsugamushi disease patient are not clear. We analyzed total protein (TP), albumin (AL), aspartic aminotranferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphotase (ALP), urea nitrogen (UN), creatinine (CRE), glucose (GLD), cholesterol (CHOL) and total bilirubin (TB) in sera of patients with tsutsugamushi disease. In comparison with reference, total protein and albumin were abnormally decreased in 19.6% and 39.2% of patients, respectively. AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine, UN, glucose, cholesterol and total bilirubin were abnormally increased in 94.1 %, 72.5%, 25.5%, 15.7%, 9.8%, 62.7%, 25.5% and 6.0% of patients, respectively. The patients showed abnormal relative rate of protein electrophoretic fractions to total protein in serum compared to them of reference were 43.1% (albumin), 12.9% ($\alpha_1$-globulin), 58.8% ($\alpha_2$-globulin), 60.8% ($\beta$-globulin) and 70.6% ($\gamma$-globulin), respectively. These data suggest that infection of Oriental Tsutsugamushi causes impairment of function of a major organ and abnormal serum protein electrophoresis fractions to tsutsugamushi patients.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 1998년도 추계학술발표 논문집
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• pp.143-147
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• 1998

Autonomic and EEG responses of 38 college students were studied during 60-sec long presentation of International Affective Picture System (IAPS )slides evoking, according to subjective reports, negative (disgust, sadness, surprise) and positive (happiness, exciting) emotional. states. Observed were significant heart rate (HR) deceleration, large skin conductance responses (SCR), moderate respiration frequency slowing, reduction of frontal (F 3, F 4 ) and occipital (O 1, O 2 ) fast alpha, and increases of theta, delta and beta relative spectral power values during the first 30 sec of exposure of IAPS pictures. Analysis carried out to differentiate emotion categories according to autonomic responses indicated that observed HR deceleration was larger in magnitude in surprise and sadness than in disgust, SCR amplitude higher in sadness than in disgust. EEC showed significant differences in theta (F 3, F 4 ) and delta (O 1) power increase in disgust vs. happiness, fast alpha (F 3, F 4 ) power was lower in surprise than in happiness, and slow beta power higher. in happiness than in disgust (0 1). Despite some differences. observed within discrete emotion conditions, overall responses pattern of monitored parameters exhibited similar profiles with few variations, most. obvious. in disgust state, which suggests that affective visual stimulation elicits stereotypical responses in a given passive viewing paradigm. However, the magnitude of physiological responses may vary to certain extent across discrete emotional states making it possible to differentiate among particular experimentally-induced emotional states, e.g., disgust vs. sadness by ANS responses or disgust vs. happiness by EEG measures.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.198-209
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• 1999

A thrombus is a mass formed from the constituents of the blood within the vessels or the heart during life. The process of its formation is known as thrombosis, It has been generally accepted that Holotrichia is an useful medicine for thrombosis. The rate of fibrinolysis of Holotrichia extracts increase as incubation times. Especially 52 days, the effect on the extracts has an maximum increased fibrinolytic activity, Heat-and-pH-stability of the extract on fibrinolysis is relative to temperature, At $37^{\circ}C$, it has activating effect between pH 4 and pH 12. At higher temperature, especially $80^{\circ}C$, an excessive increase in temperature has a deactivating effect on the extracts. Optimal pH of the extract on fibrinolysis is between pH 7.0 and pH 8.5, it is effective within a relatively broad pH range. In experiments of various inhibitors of Holotrichia extracts fibrinolytic activity, there are strong inhibitive effect on SBTI and Aprotinin, and a few inhibitive effect on DFP and t-AMCHA, no effect on PSMB and TLCK. Holotrichia extracts mixing with fibrinogen are observed Electron microscopy. it shows partially erosive-shaped fibrinolytic activity. In a SDS-PAGE of the extract having the fibrinolytic activity, three bands are found, protein 1, 2 and 3 having a molecular weight of 30,000, 45,000 and 60,000 Dalton.

• 감성과학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2001

본 연구는 청각적 감성을 만족시키는 의류소재의 개발을 위해 직물 마찰음에 따른 생리반응 측정 및 심리적·주관적 평가를 통해 감성을 측정하여 이들이 음향특성과 갖는 관련성을 밝히고, 또한 심리생리적 반응 간의 상호 관련성을 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 직물 마찰음의 음향특성으로서 LPT, ΔL, Δf, loudness[Z], sharpness[Z]를 계산하였고, 직물 마찰음에 대한 감각·감성 표현어(부드러움, 시끄러움, 유쾌함, 날카로움, 맑음, 거침, 높음)를 이용하여 주관적 평가를 실시하였으며, 생리적 반응으로서 뇌파, 혈류량, 심박변화율, 피부전도수준 등을 측정하였다. 주관적 감각·감성은 대부분 직물소리의 크기와 관련이 깊은 것으로 나타나, loudness(Z)와 총음압 LPT가 증가할수록 시끄럽고 거칠며 딱딱하고 불쾌하며 탁하다고 지각하였다. 또한 LPT는 혈류량의 감소에, loudness(Z)는 피부전도수준의 증가에 각각 영향을 미치며, sharpness(Z)가 높고 ΔL이 작을수록 LF/HF는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 심리생리적 반응간의 관련성은 부드럽고 조용하며 맑다고 지각할수록 slow alpha파가 증가하였고, 유쾌하고 매끄럽다고 평가할수록 혈류량은 증가하였다. 또한, 높다고 지각하는 소리에 대해 LF/HF는 증가하였다. 따라서, 직물 마찰음의 특성에 따라 심리생리적 반응에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2018

Purpose: Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) has been shown to have significant therapeutic effects on calcium channel blocker overdose in animal studies and clinical cases. In this preliminary experiment, we investigated the hemodynamic changes and survival in a rat model of verapamil intoxication. Methods: Fourteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were sedated and treated with ILE or normal saline (control), followed by continuous intravenous infusion of verapamil (20 mg/kg/h). Mean arterial pressure and heart rate of rats were monitored during the infusion. In addition, the total dose of infused verapamil and the duration of survival were measured. Results: Survival was prolonged in the ILE group ($32.43{\pm}5.8min$) relative to the control group ($24.14{\pm}4.3min$) (p=0.01). The cumulative mean lethal dose of verapamil was higher in the ILE group ($4.3{\pm}0.7mg/kg$) than in the control group ($3.2{\pm}0.5mg/kg$; p=0.017). Conclusion: ILE pretreatment prolonged survival and increased the lethal dose in a rat model of verapamil poisoning.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare the anaerobic threshold (AT) between subjects with and without non-specific chronic low back pain (NCLBP). The patient group included 15 women with NCLBP. The normal group included 15 women without NCLBP who were age-, height-, weight-, and activity level-matched. The subjects performed a Balke treadmill protocol which was symptom-limited progressive loading test. Their heart rate (HR), ventilatory gas and metabolic equivalents (METs) were measured using the automatic breath gas analyzing system. After the test, each subjects' ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were evaluated. The visual analog scale (VAS) was assessed pre- and post-test. The independent t-test and Wilcoxon's signed-rank test were used for analysis of the data. Time, HR, the volume of oxygen consumption ($VO_2$), relative $VO_2$, and METs at the AT level of the patient group were significantly lower than those of the healthy group (p<.05). However, there were no significant differences in RPE, VAS, and breathing frequency at the AT level (p>.05). The findings of this study indicate that patients with NCLBP had a lower aerobic fitness than healthy subjects. Thus, implementation of rehabilitation program to increase aerobic fitness may be considered in patietns with NCLBP, and further studies are required to determine the etiological factors of decreased aerobic fitness.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.242-248
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• 2011

Objectives: Busan is reported to have the highest mortality rate among 16 provinces in Korea, as well as considerable health inequality across its districts. This study sought to examine overall and cause-specific mortality and deprivation at the town level in Busan, thereby identifying towns and causes of deaths to be targeted for improving overall health and alleviating health inequality. Methods: Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for all-cause and four specific leading causes of death were calculated at the town level in Busan for the years 2005 through 2008. To construct a deprivation index, principal components and factor analysis were adopted, using 10% sample data from the 2005 census. Geographic information system (GIS) mapping techniques were applied to compare spatial distributions between the deprivation index and SMRs. We fitted the Gaussian conditional autoregressive model (CAR) to estimate the relative risks of mortality by deprivation level, controlling for both the heterogeneity effect and spatial autocorrelation. Results: The SMRs of towns in Busan averaged 100.3, ranging from 70.7 to 139.8. In old inner cities and towns reclaimed for replaced households, the deprivation index and SMRs were relatively high. CAR modeling showed that gaps in SMRs for heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and physical injury were particularly high. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that more deprived towns are likely to have higher mortality, in particular from cardiovascular disease and physical injury. To improve overall health status and address health inequality, such deprived towns should be targeted.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2021

Background: During the period 2001 to 2016, the maximum temperatures in Thailand rose from 38-41℃ to 42-44℃. The current occupational heat exposure standard of Thailand issued in 2006 is based on wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) defined for three workload levels without a work-rest regimen. This study examined whether the present standard still protects most workers. Methods: The sample comprised 168 heat acclimatized workers (90 in construction sites, 78 in foundries). Heart rate and auditory canal temperature were recorded continuously for 2 hours. Workplace WBGT, relative humidity, and wind velocity were monitored, and the participants' workloads were estimated. Heat-related symptoms and signs were collected by a questionnaire. Results: Only 55% of the participants worked in workplaces complying with the heat standard. Of them, 79% had auditory canal temperature ≤ 38.5℃, compared with only 58% in noncompliant workplaces. 18% and 43% of the workers in compliant and noncompliant workplaces, respectively, had symptoms from heat stress, the trend being similar across all workload levels. An increase of one degree (C) in WBGT was associated with a 1.85-fold increase (95% confidence interval: 1.44-2.48) in odds for having symptoms. Conclusion: Compliance with the current occupational heat standard protects 4/5 of the workers, whereas noncompliance reduces this proportion to one half. The reasons for noncompliance include the gaps and ambiguities in the law. The law should specify work/rest schedules; outdoor work should be identified as an occupational heat hazard; and the staff should include occupational personnel to manage heat stress in establishments involving heat exposure.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2020

[Purpose] This study was performed to investigate the acid-base and ion balance at rest and after exercise in healthy males under normoxia, moderate hypoxia, and severe hypoxia. [Methods] Ten healthy Korean males completed three different trials on different days, comprising exercise under normoxia (F_iO₂ = 20.9%, N trial), moderate hypoxia (F_iO₂ = 16.5%, MH trial), and severe hypoxia (F_iO₂ = 12.8%, SH trial). They undertook endurance exercise for 30 min on a cycle ergometer at the same relative exercise intensity equivalent to 80% maximal heart rate under all conditions. Capillary blood samples were obtained to determine acid-base and ion balance at rest and after exercise. [Results] Exercise-induced blood lactate elevations were significantly increased as hypoxic conditions became more severe; SH > MH > N trials (P = 0.003). After exercise, blood glucose levels were significantly higher in the SH trial than in the N and MH trials (P = 0.001). Capillary oxygen saturation (S_CO₂) levels were significantly lowered as hypoxic conditions became more severe; SH > MH > N trials (P < 0.001). The pH levels were significantly lower in the MH trial than that in the N trial (P = 0.010). Moreover, H_CO_3^- levels were significantly lower in the SH trial than in the N trial, with significant interaction (P = 0.003). There were no significant differences in blood Na⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ levels between the trials. [Conclusion] MH and SH trials induced greater differences in glucose, lactate, S_CO₂, pH, and HCO_3^- levels in capillary blood compared to the N trial. Additionally, lactate, S_CO₂, and HCO_3^- levels showed greater changes in the SH trial than in the MH trial. However, there were no significant differences in Na⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ levels in MH and SH trials compared to the N trial.

• 감성과학
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2002

자동차 시뮬레이터에서 운전 형태에 따른 감성을 평가하기 위하여 운전자의 심리생리적 반응을 측정하였다. 운전 형태는 정차, 정속주행(70km/h), 급출발(0km/h$\longrightarrow$70km/h)및 급제동(70km/h$\longrightarrow$0km/h)으로 하였다. 피험자는 운전경력이 1년 이상인 20대 남자 12명을 대상으로 Simulator Sickness 및 주관적 쾌적감과 각성감, 뇌파(Electroencep-halogram), 심전도(Electrocardiogram), 피부온도(Skin temperature), 피부전기저항(Galvanic skin response)을 측정하였다. 주관적, 생리적 평가는 각 주행조건에서 주행 전과 후에 실시하였다. 실험결과 정차 및 정속 주행보다 급출발 및 급제동 조건에서 쾌적감과 각성감은 높아졌다. 생리적으로는 정차 및 정속 주행보다 급출발 및 급제동 조건에서 중추신경 반응은 알파파가 감소하였고, 베타파는 증가하였다. 자율신경 반응은 심박율 및 피부전기저항의 증가, 피부온도의 저하로부터 교감신경이 활성화됨을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로부터 운전 형태에 따라 심리 .생리적인 변화가 뚜렷하였고, 시뮬레이터를 이용한 동적 환경에서의 감성 평가가 가능하였다. 감성에 대한 개인간의 차이를 최소화하고 객관화된 감성을 도출하기 위해서는 앞으로 더 많은 대상자에 대한 측정 자료가 요구된다.