• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6643-6647
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• 2014

The breast and the thyroid are hormone responsive organs that are closely related with changes of endocrine function and glandular disease. An association between thyroid disorders and breast cancer (BC) risk has been suggested, although the results are inconclusive. The purpose of the present study was to summarize evidence supporting a relationship between BC and the level of thyroid hormones and antibodies. The MEDLINE and EMBASE electronic databases were searched for studies published between 2000 and 2014. The pooled effects were presented as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using fixed or random effect models. We summarized the results of 8 cross-sectional studies with 4, 189 participants. The overall pooled results showed that the levels of $FT_3$ and $FT_4$ were significantly increased in patients with BC (WMD=1.592 pmol/l; 95% CI: 0.15-3.033 and WMD=0.461 ng/dl; 95% CI: 0.015-0.906; p=0.043). The TPOAb level in patients with BC was higher than that in the control group (WMD=81.4 IU/ml; 95% CI: 78.7-84.0; p=0.000). The overall pooled results of the TgAb with random effects analyses showed that the TgAb level was significantly increased in patients with BC (WMD=101.3 IU/ml; 95% CI: 48.7-153.9; p=0.000). The present results indicated that the serum levels of $FT_3$, TPOAb and TgAb are significantly higher in patients with breast cancer than in healthy controls.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the relationships among disease severity, anxiety, depression, social support, unpleasant symptoms and self-care among patients with atrial fibrillation based on the unpleasant symptom theory, and to examine the mediating effects of unpleasant symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. The participants were 216 patients with atrial fibrillation who were being followed up on an outpatient basis at a university hospital in Seoul. Data were collected from November 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021, using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS/WIN 27.0 and PROCESS macro with 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval(CI). Results: The average age of participants in this study was 66.0years. Disease severity (β=10.19, p<.001) and depression (β=1.53, p<.001) had significant positive relationships with unpleasant symptoms. Also, unpleasant symptoms (β=-0.03, p=.006) had a negative relationship with physical activity, which is a subscale of self- care. Social support (β=0.06, p<.001) was positively related with physical activity. Unpleasant symptoms showed a mediation effect in the relationship between disease severity and physical activity (Bias corrected bootstrap CI -0.65, -0.04). Depression had an indirect effect on physical activity that was mediated by unpleasant symptoms (Bias corrected bootstrap CI -0.11, -0.00). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that integrated strategies including physical, psychological, and social factors should be considered to promote self-care in patients with atrial fibrillation.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2002

This study examined the relationship between bone mineral density and DITI in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. An analysis was performed on the thermographic findings of 20 patients without osteoporosis, 20 with osteopenia and 20 with osteoporosis at the Kangnam Korean Hospital, KyungHee University, Seoul, Korea, from June 1998 to February 1999. The osteoporosis was measured by LUNAR PIXI and the body temperature was assessed by DITI. Thermogrphic measurements were performed on 4 areas(acupuncture point: CV12, CV4, BL23 and BL26). All data were coded for computer analysis and significances were tested by Duncan test. There was no significant difference in age among the three groups of patients. DITI revealed the significant hypothermia (p<0.001) on the osteoporosis patients compared with osteopenia and normal bone density patients. It is believed that DITI may be a favorable alternative to the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.1184-1192
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among fear of falling, pain, anxiety and depression, and to identify influencing factors in elderly women patients with degenerative arthritis living in the community. Method: The subjects of this study were 297 elderly women patients with degenerative arthritis. Data was collected by personal interviews using questionnaires. Data was analyzed by the SPSS(version 12.0) computer program, and it included descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Stepwise multiple regression. Results: There was a significant difference (p= .000) in fear of falling according to the level of pain, anxiety, and depression. There was a significant positive correlation among fear of falling, pain, anxiety and depression. Depression, pain, number of medication, age, and anxiety showed significant predictors (43.5%) for fear of falling. Conclusion: This study suggested that thoroughly assessing predictors making an impact on fear of falling in the initial nursing assessment is the most important for falls prevention of elderly women patients with degenerative arthritis in the community.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.263-270
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• 1998

Considering various factors contributing oral malodor, the accurate prediction of prognosis is very important to both clinician and patients. The present study has been performed to invetigate the relationship between treatment effeicacy and pre-treatment volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) level. Ninety patients were divided into three groups, A(<150ppb), B(150< <200ppb), and C(>200ppb) groups, according to pre-treatment VSC level detected by Halimeter, and each group included 30 patients. Routine therapeutic measures for oral were provided to each patient which consisted of oral prophylaxis, tooth brushing and flossing instruction, tongue scraping by proper device, and gargling of 0.25% ZnCl2 Solution. The group with high pre-treatment VSC level (>150ppb) showed significant reduction of VSC level at 1 and 3 weeks after. However, the group with low pre-treatment VSC level (<150ppb) did not show any significant reduction during the experimental periods. Collectively, the results suggested that patients with high pre-treatment VSC level show better prognosis.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2019

Purpose: Prosthodontics for edentulous patients is a treatment technique using implant, which has impactful results in retention and support effects. Methods: As a retention technique, SCRP (screw and cement retained implant prosthesis) has reported in many studies as a beneficial method for both patients and curers, which can reduce errors in process of making abutment and top implant. Results: Prosthesis manufacturing, as polymerization method of hardened resin teeth with thermoplastic resin, is helpful for patients with aesthetic and financial situations regarding residual ridge and interocclusal relationship, also indicates reliable results in both retention and care. Conclusion: Using SCRP technique, we notably obtained a clinical and aesthetic outcome from five implants in anterior tooth, which are half fixable and detachable implants on screw of implant abutment by the technicians at anytime.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.14-18
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was done to investigate the relationship of differentiation of the patten identification in stroke patients between acute and convalescent stage. Methods : In the time of period Apr. 1st 2007 to Sep. 29th 2008, 903 patients with stroke admitted in the department of Internal Medicine of Kyungwon University Oriental Medical Hospital, Kyunghee University Oriental Medical Hospital, Dongguk University Oriental Medical Hospital were included. Patients were hospitalized within a month after the onset of stroke. Stroke patients were interviewed by doctors who studied standard operation procedures. A questionnaire was completed by a question-and-answer form between patients and doctors after explanation details to patients and the agreement of patients. Results : The frequency of fire-heat patten was the highest in acute stage of stroke and the one of deficiency of Yin group was the highest in convalescent stage of stroke. This result doesn't have statistical significance. (p<0.05) Conclusions : In this study, we found the relationship of differentiation of the patten identification in stroke patients between acute and convalescent stage. Further, we have concluded that this difference should be considered in the management for stroke patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.280-290
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• 2012

Purpose: This study done to identify the experiences of families caring for patients with terminal cancer. The question was, "What is the caregiving experience of a family who has a member with terminal cancer?" Methods: Grounded Theory was applied and in-depth interviews were done with 11 family members. Interviews were recorded with the interviewees' consent and were transcribed and analyzed. Participants' relationships to patients were 6 spouses, 4 daughters, and 1 mother. The ages of the participants were between 32 and 62, with an average of 47.5. Results: The study showed "enduring with bonds" as the main category and the main factor affecting this category was the "patients' diagnosis of terminal cancer." The caregiving experience was divided into four stages: shock, confusion, struggle, and acceptance. Mediating factors were relationship with the patient, intimacy with the patient, social support, communication, and trust. Conclusively, participants underwent internal maturity, and changes occurred in family and social and personal life. Conclusion: The families took care of the patients with responsibility and love. The study results should help with the understanding of a family with a member with terminal cancer and should be used to develop nursing, mediating, and consulting programs for these caregivers.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.209-223
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• 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant changes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on patients with chronic pain. Methods: Patients with chronic pain from 23 university hospitals in South Korea participated in this study. The anonymous survey questionnaire consisted of 25 questions regarding the following: demographic data, diagnosis, hospital visit frequency, exercise duration, time outside, sleep duration, weight change, nervousness and anxiety, depression, interest or pleasure, fatigue, daily life difficulties, and self-harm thoughts. Depression severity was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between increased pain and patient factors. Results: A total of 914 patients completed the survey, 35.9% of whom had decreased their number of visits to the hospital, mostly due to COVID-19. The pain level of 200 patients has worsened since the COVID-19 outbreak, which was more prominent in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Noticeable post-COVID-19 changes such as exercise duration, time spent outside, sleep patterns, mood, and weight affected patients with chronic pain. Depression severity was more significant in patients with CRPS. The total PHQ-9 average score of patients with CRPS was 15.5, corresponding to major depressive orders. The patients' decreased exercise duration, decreased sleep duration, and increased depression were significantly associated with increased pain. Conclusions: COVID-19 has caused several changes in patients with chronic pain. During the pandemic, decreased exercise and sleep duration and increased depression were associated with patients' increasing pain.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.78 no.3
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• pp.232-238
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• 2015

Background: A relationship between low vitamin D levels and the development or outcomes of respiratory diseases has been identified. However, there is no data on the vitamin D status in patients with acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP). We evaluated the vitamin D status in patients with AEP among South Korean military personnel. Methods: We prospectively compared the serum levels of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], 25(OH)D3, and 25(OH)D2 among patients with AEP, pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Results: In total, 65 patients with respiratory diseases, including AEP (n=24), PTB (n=19), and CAP (n=22), were identified. Of the 24 patients with AEP, 2 (8%) had deficient total 25(OH)D levels (<10 ng/mL), 17 (71%) had insufficient total 25(OH)D levels (${\geq}10$ to <30 ng/mL), and only 5 (21%) had sufficient total 25(OH)D levels (${\geq}30$ to <100 ng/mL). The difference in the total 25(OH)D levels among patients with AEP, PTB, and CAP was not statistically significant (p=0.230). The median levels of total 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D3, and 25(OH)D2 were 22.84, 22.84, and 0.00 ng/mL, respectively, and no differences in the 25(OH)D level were present among patients with AEP, PTB, and CAP with the exception of the total 25(OH)D level between patients with AEP and PTB (p=0.042). Conclusion: We have shown that low vitamin D levels are frequently found in patients with AEP and are comparable with those in patients with PTB and CAP.