• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.86-98
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• 2008

This study aims at examining the effect of word-of-mouth communication through mini homepage on purchase attributes and mapping out a marketing strategy based on this. For this, it made an analysis of the communication level with 302 mini homepage users. The result showed that the communication level of information exchange has a positive effect on the purchase experience of food service products significantly, showing that the higher its level is, the more frequent its experience is. And it showed that the communication level of relationship retention has a negative effect on the purchase experience of food service products significantly, showing that the higher its level is, the less frequent its experience is. These results demonstrated the utility that can increase word-of-mouth communications through information exchange and relationship retention, given that they are used with the object based on the kinship of information exchange and relationship retention as word-of-mouth communications, and that they lay stress on the connection with other people in the mini homepage.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.537-545
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• 2021

We hypothesize work jealousy can moderate the relationship between leader-member exchange (LMX) and two different work behaviors, counterproductive work behavior(CWB) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The results supported our hypotheses and found an interaction between LMX and work jealousy such that the relationship between LMX and CWB is negative when jealousy is higher but not when jealousy is lower. We did not find an interaction between LMX and work jealousy on OCB, however. We test our hypotheses in a service organizational sample consisting of one hundred thirty-nine. Managerial implications and directors for future research are discussed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2023

The study attempted to answer the questions related to the expected effects of supply chain management variables which include: Partnership with Suppliers (PS), Relationships with Customers (RC), Quality of Information Exchange (QIE), and Postponement (P), as independent variables, total quality management (TQM) as a dependents variable, and just in time (JIT) as a mediator variable. The study relies on the descriptive approach by conducting an empirical study on commercial companies in Riyadh Governorate in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Through the methods of descriptive and analytical statistics represented in exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM)), using the AMOS and SPSS programs, the results of the applied study indicated that: There is an effect of supply chain management variables (quality of information exchange, Postponement) on just in time (JIT), there is no effect of the supply chain variables (relationship with customers, partnership with suppliers) on just in time (JIT), there is an indirect effect of the quality of information exchange, Postponement, partnership with suppliers, the relationship with customers on total quality management (TQM), relationship with customers affect on total quality management (TQM) indirectly, just in time (JIT) does not affect total quality management (TQM)

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.49-59
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• 2022

This paper examined the impact of real exchange rate volatility on trade balance in Malaysia by using quarterly data from year 2000 until 2019. Generalized Autoregressive Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model was used to extract the volatility component of real exchange rate before examining its impact on trade balance. Furthermore, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was used to investigate the long-run relationship and short-run dynamic between trade balance, money supply, national income and volatility of exchange rate. Empirical results show the existence of co-movement between variables under study in the long-run. However, the results also suggest that volatility of real exchange rate does not significantly affect trade balance neither in the long-run nor short-run. The risk which is associated in the movement of exchange rate do not influence trader's behaviour toward Malaysia exports and imports. Thus, it should be note that any depreciation or appreciation in Malaysian Ringgit do not have an impact towards trade balance either it is being further improved or deteriorates. Hence, exchange rate volatility may not be too concern for policymakers. This may be partially due to manage floating exchange rate regime that has been adopted by Malaysia eventually eliminated the element of risk in the currency market.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.731-740
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• 2021

This research aims to investigate the determinants of real effective exchange rate in emerging ASEAN countries, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. The research was conducted by using quarterly time series data set from 1980Q1 to 2020Q3. Cointegration and the error correction model (ECM) methods were applied to test the long run and short run relationship of the real effective exchange rate and its determinants. The results indicate that the ratio of foreign direct investment to GDP and the government spending have significantly positive impact on real effective exchange rate in the Emerging ASEAN countries. The trade opening had influencing real effective exchange rate in most the Emerging ASEAN countries, except Vietnam. In addition, the international reserve (INR) had significant long-run impacts variables on real effective exchange rate in Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam. In the short run equilibrium, the error collection term suggest that Indonesia and Malaysia are the fastest speed adjustment to equilibrium. In addition, the term of trade influence the real effective exchange rate in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines but it is not in Thailand and Vietnam. However, FDI is a major factor of the real effective exchange rate in Vietnam, but not for other countries.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

The study examines stock prices (LOGKSE) and exchange rate (LOGPK)-Pakistani Rupee vis-à-vis US Dollar- interactions in Pakistan. This study employs a multivariate VAR-GARCH model using monthly data from January 2012 to October 2020. The results of the Johansen cointegration test show that there is no relationship between Foreign Exchange Market and Stock Market in the long run. In the short-run, stock exchange returns are affected slightly negatively by the changes in the foreign exchange market, but the foreign exchange market does not seem to be affected by the ups and downs of the stock exchange. The VAR model and Granger Causality show that both markets are strongly influenced by their own lagged values rather than by the lagged values of one another and show weak or no correlation between the two markets. Volatility persistence is observed in both the stock and foreign exchange markets, implying that shocks and past period volatility are major drivers of future volatility in both markets. Thus greater uncertainties today will induce panic and consequently generate higher volatility in the future period. This phenomenon has been observed many times on Pakistan Stock Exchange especially. The results have important implications for local international investors in portfolio diversification decisions and risk hedging strategies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2022

This study was attempted to analyze the causal relationship on the factors influencing the inactivation of urban-rural exchanges. 33 previous studies related to urban-rural exchange in Korea were investigated, and 27 factors were derived in 4 sectors (resources and facilities, contents and programs, human resources and management, legal system and support) by deriving, rearranging, and classifying various influencing factors suggested in previous studies. Based on the derived influencing factors, an expert survey was conducted, and the causal relationship between factors was structured through the DEMATEL method. As a result of the analysis, 'human resources and management' was the factors with the highest prominence and 'legal system and support' was analyzed as factors with a very strong dispatcher character, and other factors were analyzed as having a receiver character. This study is meaningful in that it provided basic information for establishing related policies by structurally analyzing and presenting the necessary influencing factors when implementing an efficient urban-rural exchange project despite several limitations.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.27-32
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• 2014

Purpose - Since Iran's economy is only now developing, and its stock market is only now emerging, we should deal with the relationship between ownership structure and conservative accounting of companies to see whether such a relationship exists in Iran's market. This study aims to investigate the relationship between ownership structure and accounting conservatism of listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Research design, data, and methodology - All listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange, for which the required information financial statements (balance sheet, profit and loss account) could be acquired for the period 2007-2012, were studied. A total of 123 companies from various industries was selected. Results - In order to test the hypotheses, multi variate regression (inter procedure), with their meaningful t- and f-statistics, and a Durbin-Watson autocorrelation model were used. Conclusions - The research results show that the ownership of major shareholders and ownership concentration have a negative significant relationship with accounting conservatism. Therefore, as a significant negative relationship between concentration of ownership and accounting conservatism at the 95% confidence level was found, the second hypothesis was confirmed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.63-71
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose the new time-varying coefficient GARCH-in-Mean model. The benefit of our model is to allow the risk-return parameter in the mean equation to vary over time. At the end of 2019 to the beginning of 2020, the world witnessed two shocking events: COVID-19 pandemic and 2020 oil price war. So, we decide to use the daily data from December 2, 2019 to May 29, 2020, which cover these two major events. The purpose of this study is to find the dynamic movement between risk and return in four major oil markets: Brent, West Texas Intermediate, Dubai, and Singapore Exchange, during COVID-19 pandemic and 2020 oil price war. For the European oil market, our model found a significant and positive risk-return relationship in Brent during March 26-April 21, 2020. For the North America oil market, our model found a significant positive risk return relationship in West Texas Intermediate (WTI) during March 12-May 8, 2020. For the Middle East oil market, we found a significant and positive risk-return relationship in Dubai during March 12-April 14, 2020. Lastly, for the South East Asia oil market, we found a significant positive risk return relationship in Singapore Exchange (SGX) from March 9-May 29, 2020.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.284-297
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a franchisor's influence strategies could affect a franchisee's relationship satisfaction, which in turn could affect their boundary spanning behaviors. The constructs of influence strategies included promise, recommendation, information exchange, request, threat, and legalistic plea. The boundary spanning behaviors were external representation, internal influence, and service delivery. The sample used for this research consisted of store owners or managers of franchisee restaurants in Korea. A total of 605 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS/$PC^+$ and LISREL. Empirical research findings were that (1) promise, recommendation, and legalistic plea affected relationship satisfaction, and (2) relationship satisfaction influenced external representation, internal influence and service delivery. However, information exchange, request, and threat did not affect relationship satisfaction. Based on these findings, franchisors were recommended to provide motivations to franchisees if the former wants to receive help from the latter.