• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.309-314
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of attitude toward fish eating, Health involvement and convenience on the relationship between fish consumption and age. A total of 235 questionnaires were completed. Structural equation model was used to measure the causal relationships between constructs. Results of the study demonstrated that the structural equation analysis result for the data also indicated excellent model fit. The effects of age on involvement and convenience were statistically significant. The effects of age on attitude and consumption was not statistically significant. As expected, the involvement had a significant effect on attitude and consumption. The attitude and convenience had a significant effect on consumption. The effect of involvement on convenience was not statistically significant. Moreover, the attitude, involvement and convenience played a mediating role in the relationship between consumption and age. The involvement played a mediating role in the relationship between attitude and age. The involvement played no mediating role in the relationship between convenience and age. The attitude and convenience played no mediating role in the relationship between consumption and involvement.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2011

This paper reviewed the relationship between superior leadership and job stress responses, and the moderating effect of age in maintenance area of air force. Based on the responses from 450 air force maintenance persons, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that transactional leadership has negative relationship with physiological stress response, charisma has negative relationship with psychological stress, and individual consideration has negative relationship with behavioral stress. In moderating effects, age has negative effect on the relationship between transactional leadership and physiological stress response, and age has positive effect on the relationship between charisma and psychological stress response.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.447-456
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• 2001

Many investigators have tried to represent the nonlinear behavior of stress-strain relationship of concrete using mathematical curves. Most of empirical expressions for stress-strain relationship, however, have focused on old age concrete, and were not able to represent well the behavior of concrete at an early age. Where wide understanding on the behavior of concrete from early age to old age is very important in evaluating the durability and service life of concrete structures. In this paper, effect of 5 different strength levels and ages of from 12 hours to 28 days on compressive stress-strain relationship was observed experimentally and analytically. Tests were carried out on $\phi$100${\times}$200mm cylindrical specimens water-cured at 20${\pm}$3$^{\circ}C$. An analytical expression of stress-stain relationship with strength and age was developed using regression analyses on experimental results. For the verification of the proposed model, the model was compared with present and existing experimental data and some existing models. The analysis shows that the proposed model predicts well experimental data and describes well effect of strength and age on stress-strain relationship.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.825-842
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• 2023

This study conducted a survey to analyze the influence of the consumer-brand interaction and the consumer-brand relationship on motivation and satisfaction based on the perceived age of men and women in their teens and 50s who subscribe to cosmetic brands through SNS accounts. For statistical processing of the collected data, frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, regression analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed with SPSS 21.0. The perceived age of the subjects was classified into 'perceived lower group', 'perceived middle group', and 'perceived higher group' according to the difference between the age perceived by others and the age perceived by themselves. In the three groups, the consumer-brand interaction and the consumer-brand relationship showed a meaningful positive relationship with motivation, and the consumer-brand relationship was found to be a major variable explaining 'attractive' among motivation. In the three groups, the consumer-brand interaction and the consumer-brand relationship showed a significant positive relationship with satisfaction, and the consumer-brand relationship appeared as a major variable explaining satisfaction. Therefore, the conclusion of this study is that by perceived age group, the consumer-brand interaction and the consumer-brand relationship have a positive effect on motivation and satisfaction. In particular, it was found that the consumer-brand relationship is a major variable in cosmetics motivation and satisfaction. As this study empirically analyzes the influence of age perceived on SNS on cosmetics brand marketing, it is considered to be a practical implication for establishing cosmetics sales strategy and basic data that can be used for marketing.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 2015

This study examined the role of ethnicity and extended family relationship in the longitudinal patterns of unmarried resident fathers' engagement with young children in the U.S. Using three waves of panel data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), data obtained from 292 respondents were analyzed by the Linear Mixed Effects Regression (LMER) method. Findings suggested that Black unmarried resident fathers exhibited more engagement with their infants at age one than their White counterparts did, but the initial difference reversed by age five as a result of decreasing engagement among Black fathers over time and comparatively increasing engagement among Whites. Results also suggested that Black unmarried resident fathers with a high relationship level with their extended family members exhibited less engagement with their infants than Black fathers with a low relationship level, but the initial difference reversed by age five as a result of decreasing engagement among Black fathers with a low relationship level over time and comparatively increasing engagement among Black fathers with a high relationship level.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 1980

PURPOSE This study was intended to analyze the play-form of normal preschool children as related to age, sex, educational experience and social maturity. METHOD 1. Subjects The subjects of this study were eighty seven 3-, 4- and 5-year-old preschool children attending educational institutions in Seoul. 2. Instruments The instruments used in this study consisted of twenty one-minute observations in 5 preschool settings and a questionnaire designed to measure the children's social maturity filled in by their parents. The observations provided information on the children's free play, that is 1) play-form: solitary, parallel and group play 2) use/non-use of toys 3) behavior: play, activity, doing nothing, onlooking 4) stationary/moving dimensions 5) play group size The questionnaire measured such factors as communication, socialization, locomotion, self-help and self-direction. 3. Data Analysis Data analysis consisted of percentage and Chi square. RESULTS 1. Play-Form The relationship between age and play-form proved to be significant at the .05 level. That is, in both boys and girls, solitary play decreased with age and group play increased with age while parallel play maintained a similar position. The relationship between sex and play-form proved to be significant at the .05 level in 3-& 4-year-old children, but not significant in 5-year-old children. That is, in their $3^{rd}$ year boys engage in the solitary play more than girls and in their $4^{th}$ year boys engage in more group play than girls. 2. Toys Without differentiation of sex and age, cases of using toys in play exceed those cases where toys were not used. 3. Behavior The relationship between age and behavior proved to be significant at the .05 level in both boys and girls. That is, with increase of age, play decreased and activity increased in boys while play increased and doing nothing decreased in girls. 4. Moving Status Totally, moving occurred more frequently in play than stationary status. Moving proved not to have a significant relationship with age, but it did Navel a significant relationship with sex at the .05 level. That is, moving tended to increase with the increase in age in both boys and girls, but not at a significant level. Boys moved significantly more than girls in all three age levels. 5. The Relationship between Educational Experience and Play-Form There was a tendency for children with longer preschool experience to engage in less solitary play and more group play than children who had less than one semester of preschool experience, but this difference was not statistically significant. 6. The Relationship between Social Maturity and Play-Form The high social maturity group engaged in less solitary play and more group play than the low social maturity group, but this was not a statistically significant difference. 7. Play Group Size Play group size was 2~10 children, but the majority of play groups consisted of 2~3 children. There was a tendency for play groups composed of 2 children to decrease with age and play groups composed of 3 children to increase with age. No significant difference was found between the sexes in play group size.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship structure in discount store focusing on age. Subjects for this study were 360 customers who had purchased fashion products in discount stores. For date analysis, $x^2$-test and regression analysis were used. As the result, when comparing groups by the age, women in their 20s, 30s and 40s had 'relationship maintenance intention' through satisfaction, trust and commitment. In the case of women in their 20s group, the information, reputation, product salesperson and price variables had the effects on satisfaction. The information, location, salesperson variable had direct effect on relationship maintenance. In the case of women in their 30s group, the benefits, information, reputation and price variables had the effects on satisfaction. And the information, salesperson variable had direct effect on relationship maintenance. In the case of women in their 40s group, the information, location and price variables had the effects on satisfaction. The reputation variable had direct effect on relationship maintenance. Based on these results, fashion marketing strategies of discount store would be suggested.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.123-133
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• 2011

This paper reviewed the relationship between job stress and human error, and the moderating effect of age and maintenance type on the relationship between job stress and human error in maintenance personnel. Based on the responses from 450 maintenance personnels, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that physiological and psychological stress responses have positively related with human error. In moderating effect test, age appeared to impact on the relationship between physiological/behavioral stress and human error.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2023

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to investigate the correlation between chronological age and dental pulp volume in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: The literature was searched in 4 databases(PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar). Within each study, the outcome of interest was the correlation (r) between chronological age and pulp volume. A random-effect meta-analysis was conducted. Subgroup analysis was carried out according to sex and tooth type. Results: Of 5,693 identified studies, 27 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were selected for meta-analysis. These articles focused on single-rooted teeth (n=21), multi-rooted teeth (n=6), maxillary teeth (n=14), mandibular teeth (n=6), and maxillary and mandibular teeth (n=12). The relationship between chronological age and dental pulp volume was examined in the entire population (r= -0.67), men (r= -0.75), and women (r= -0.77) in single- and multi-rooted teeth. The results of the total population analysis showed a relatively strong negative relationship between age and pulp volume. Conclusion: This study suggested that CBCT is a reliable and repeatable tool for dental age estimation. A strong inverse relationship was observed between pulp chamber volume and age. Further studies on the correlation between chronological age and pulp volume of multi-rooted teeth may be beneficial.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1451-1457
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• 2004

Bone density parameters of children, unlike that of adult, might reflect growth effect along longitudinal direction as well as bone mass. The clinical test was performed for 859 male/female children with age 6-16 years. Ultrasonic imaging system was used to measure bone density, and relationship of bone density to age was evaluated. The bone quality index appeared to be highly correlated with age for male/female children. It was found that bone quality index rose rapidly in the first growth period. The bone quality index was then kept almost unchanged in the period of puberty, and slowly rose after puberty. It was also found that growth of female stopped earlier than that of male. Also, if more clinical examinations are performed by applying various sizes of region of interest, relationship between bone density and age is expected to be more reliable.