• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2014

Purpose - The general objective of this study is to explain the governance mechanisms of relational exchanges by considering both economic and relational factors. As regards the relationship between opportunism and governance mechanisms, opportunism was hypothesized as being positively related to the use of the authority mechanism, and negatively related with use of the trust mechanism. Research design, data, and methodology - Purchasing relationships between original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and their component suppliers were chosen as the empirical setting. Purchasing specialists in each company, who interact regularly with suppliers and have the major responsibility for managing the exchange relationships with suppliers, were used as the respondents for this study. A mail survey methodology was employed to collect data in the final field survey. Results - As predicted, opportunistic behavior is found to be negatively related to the use of the trust mechanism and positively related to the use of the authority mechanism. Therefore, the result supports the proposed hypotheses. Conclusions - By integrating research streams, this study contributes to the marketing discipline by improving our understanding of when and why different mixtures of governance mechanisms are used.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.128-133
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• 1998

This paper aims to present some ideas for implementation of Uncertain Relational Databases (URD) which are extensions of classical relational databases. Our system firstly is based on possibility distribution and probability theory to represent and manipulate fuzzy and probabilistic information, secondly adopts flexible mechanisms that allow the management of uncertain data through the resources provided by both available relational database management systems and front-end interfaces, and lastly chooses dynamic SQL to enhance versatility and adjustability of systems.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.1-18
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• 2015

This paper proposes relational capability as a main driver of constructing inter-organizational collaboration networks. Based on social network theory and relational view literature, three components of relational capability are constructed and implemented by an agent-based model. The components include organizational capability, structural capability, and trust between a partner and a focal firm. These three components are updated by two micro mechanisms: structural mechanism and relational mechanism. Structural mechanism is a feedback loop in which the relational capability increases structural capability and vice versa. Relational mechanism is a learning-by-doing process in which a focal firm experiences success or failure of collaboration and the experience increases or decreases cumulative trust in a partner firm. Result of agent-based simulation shows that a collaboration network emerges through interactions of firm's relational capabilities and the characteristics of emerged networks vary with the contribution of structural capability and trust to relational capability. Specifically, in case structural capability contributes more to relational capability, the average degree centrality and collaboration proportion increases as time passes and enters into an equilibrium state. In that case, almost every firms participated in the network collaborates each other so that the emerged network becomes highly cohesive. In case trust contributes more to relational capability, the results are reversed. In an equilibrium state, the balance of contribution between structural capability and trust makes an emerged network larger and maximizes average degree centrality of the network.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.47-67
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate three issues. First, we investigated four control mechanisms that might increase the franchisee's perception of franchiser commitment: a franchiser's TSIs, relational norms, monitoring, and qualification programs. Second, we proposed that appropriateness and efficacy of these control mechanisms in fostering franchiser commitment might be changed over the relationship life cycle. Third, we examined how bureaucracy and levels of franchiser's commitment related to relationship satisfaction. Through empirical analysis, research results indicate that a franchiser's TSIs and relational norms are positively associated with the franchisee's perception of franchiser commitment. In detail, what increase franchisee's perception of franchiser commitment in short-term relationship are franchiser's TSIs but relational norms are more important in the long-term relationship. In addition, the results show that franchisee's perception of franchiser commitment, participation and formalization are positively related to relationship satisfaction.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.15-24
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• 2016

Purpose - Key account management is a supplier company initiated relational approach that has received great attention from both academics and practitioners manifested in the business-to-business relationship literatures. However, there is widespread debate and contention on what should be the underlying theoretical base for defining this vital part of relationship marketing. With the insights from the social exchange theory, present paper explores how social exchange affects the dynamic nature of key account management relationship at the organizational level. Research design, data, and methodology - The paper follows a comprehensive review approach to examine the relationship between social exchange theory and key account management approach. Conceptual arguments and findings are assessed across studies with the main objective of showing how social exchange theory develops the governance mechanism in maintaining the key account relationship. Results - Since relational norm is considered as a glue for the maintenance of buyer-seller relationship in social exchange theory, factors develop the non-contractual governance mechanism 'relationship' in business-to-business relationship and this norm replaces or supplements more formal governance mechanisms such as contracts are explored. Conclusions - This paper advances central relational norm to manage the company's most important key customers and demonstrates how this norm can be developed in buyer-seller key account relationship. Implications from this new perspective are forwarded.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.99-104
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• 2003

In this research, we proposed the mechanism to develop self evolving expert systems (SEES) based on data mining (DM), fuzzy neural networks (FNN), and relational database (RDB)-driven forward/backward inference engine. Most former researchers tried to develop a text-oriented knowledge base (KB) and inference engine (IE). However, thy have some limitations such as 1) automatic rule extraction, 2) manipulation of ambiguousness in knowledge, 3) expandability of knowledge base, and 4) speed of inference. To overcome these limitations, many of researchers had tried to develop an automatic knowledge extraction and refining mechanisms. As a result, the adaptability of the expert systems was improved. Nonetheless, they didn't suggest a hybrid and generalized solution to develop self-evolving expert systems. To this purpose, in this study, we propose an automatic knowledge acquisition and composite inference mechanism based on DM, FNN, and RDB-driven inference. Our proposed mechanism has five advantages empirically. First, it could extract and reduce the specific domain knowledge from incomplete database by using data mining algorithm. Second, our proposed mechanism could manipulate the ambiguousness in knowledge by using fuzzy membership functions. Third, it could construct the relational knowledge base and expand the knowledge base unlimitedly with RDBMS (relational database management systems). Fourth, our proposed hybrid data mining mechanism can reflect both association rule-based logical inference and complicate fuzzy logic. Fifth, RDB-driven forward and backward inference is faster than the traditional text-oriented inference.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.309-319
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• 2022

As a study on the mechanisms by which creativity is improved in an organization, this study tried to verify the serial multiple mediating effects of relational energy and creative process engagement in the effect of leader-member exchange(LMX) on creativity. To test the hypothesis, a survey was conducted on 200 workers in China, and 154 of them were analyzed. The analysis used model 6 of the PROCESS macro. As a result, first, LMX has positive effects on creativity. Second, relational energy mediated the relationship between LMX and creativity. Third, creative process engagement mediated the relationship between LMX and creativity. Forth, relational energy and creative process engagement continuously mediated the relationship between LMX and creativity. Based on these research results, the implications and limitations of this study were presented, and methods to improve creativity in the organization were discussed.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.159-188
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• 2008

This study suggests strategies which can enable to creation of new opportunities of competitive advantages while operating a long lasting and consistent business with major trading partners, based on interorganizational information systems (IOISs) specially established and installed for interorganizational transactions. Nowadays, IOISs based mechanism having been widely expanded as a conventional business infrastructure for the interorganizational transactions and/or exchanges, it is customary difficult to obtain any strongly sound advantage over the competitors who have adopted even the simplest deployment of the IOIS mechanisms. In this connection, this study intends to investigate the interorganizational collaborative activities conducted by under the auspicious of IOISs, focused on the prospect of the exploitation of IOISs rather than the implementation of the IOISs. In this study, we, firstly, suggest the concept of Electronic Collaboration which can be defined by the collaborative activities conducted by IOISs, compared to the ones conducted on off-line. In addition, we suggest the Electronic Collaboration as a multi-dimensional concept, constituted by three sub-constructs, the Electronic Information Sharing (EIS), the Electronic Joint Activity (EJA), and the construction of the Electronic Relational Knowledge Store (ERKS). Secondly, we empirically verify the effects of relational and environmental determinants on the Electronic Collaboration. In this study, the relational determinants relate to the variables created in interorganizational relationship like Trust, Influence, Relational Specific Asset-asset invested for the transaction-, and Continuity of the relationship. On the other hand, the environmental determinants relate to the variables surrounding the relationship which are difficult to control. We consider Product Complexity, Technological Uncertainty, and Market Variability as the domain of the environmental determinants. To test our hypotheses, we conducted both paper-based survey and online-based survey. After refining the data with missing responses, a total of 150 data was used for analysis. The results were as follows : Firstly, it is statistically significant that the Electronic Collaboration is composed of EIS, EJA, and ERKS. In particular, the results imply that the firms are able to accumulate relational knowledge base as well as to exchange information or knowledge, and to conduct joint activities through effort to further expand the Electronic Collaboration. Secondly, we have verified the individual effects of the relational and the environmental determinants on the Electronic Collaboration. Product Complexity has been revealed as the most influential variable affecting the Electronic Collaboration. Next, Interorganizational Trust and Technological Uncertainty, in that order, have been seen to have significant effects on the Electronic Collaboration. In other words, when products or services seem to be difficult to standardize, and the core technologies seem to rapidly change, the need for the Electronic Collaboration increase. In addition, the observation dictates that the interorganizational trust turns out to be a critical variable in building a relationship and in seeking further collaboration. The results, further, illustrate that the environmental determinants are relatively more effective than the relational determinants, which is not consistent with a few prior researches relational determinants emphasized. It is because this study doesn't consider the size of the firm. A few researchers have given an emphasis on the relational determinants like trust and influence, especially from the perspective of small firms in interorganizational relationship. However, in our study, where all the sizes of the firms are contained, electronic collaboration is considerably affected by the environmental determinants.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1990.10a
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• pp.575-579
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• 1990

This paper describes an algorithm that can efficiently analyze the multichannel ECG signal using the frame. The input is a set of significant features (points) which have been extracted from an original sampled signal by using the split-and-merge algorithm. A signal from each channel can be hierarchical ADN/OR graph on the basis of the priori knowledge for ECG signal. The search mechanisms with some heuristics and the mixed paradigms of data-driven hypothesis formation are used as the major control mechanisms. The mutual relations among features are also considered by evaluating a score based on the relational spectrum. For recognition of morphologies corresponding to OR nodes, an hypothesis modification strategy is used. Other techniques such as instance, priority update of prototypes, and template matching facility are also used. This algorithm exactly recognized the primary points and supporting points from the multichannel ECG signals.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.251-265
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• 2010

Recently, with increasing interest in the subject of interfirm relationship mechanism, some information systems researchers point out that existing outsourcing theories are limited in explaining the choice of governance mechanisms in interfirm relational exchanges. Recognizing the importance of trust-commitment, this study focuses on the relationship of between control mechanism and commitment. Especially the role of trust as mediator is mainly researched. A mediation model was suggested on the basis of theoretical linkages from prior relevant studies. The research model was empirically tested with 73 IS outsourcing projects. The findings have significant impactions for further research and practice. Findings are as follows: First, outcome control, process control, social control had positive effects on trust and commitment. Second, inter-organizational trust played as a partial mediator on the relationship between control mechanisms and commitment. Based on these findings, the implication and the limitation of the study were presented including some directions for future studies.