• Journal of Distribution Research
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.85-111
• /
• 2012

Introduction : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceptual characteristics of consumers and intent of relational continuance for PB(Private Brand) products in discount stores. This study was conducted as an empirical study based on survey. For the empirical study, factors of PB products as characteristics perceived by consumers such as perceived quality, store image, brand image and perceived value were deduced from preceding studies. The effect of such factors on intent of relational continuance mediated by brand trust and brand equity of PB products was structurally examined. Research Model : Based on theory analysis and hypotheses, constructed a Structural Equation Model(SEM). The research model is shown in Figure 1. Research Method : This paper is based on s qualitative study of selected literature and empirical data. The survey for empirical study was carried out on consumers in Gyeonggi and Busan between January 2012 and May 2012. 300 surveys were distributed and 253 (84.3%) of them were returned. After excluding omissions and insincere responses, 245 surveys (81.6%) were used for final analysis as effective samples. Result : First of all, the Reliability was carried out for instrument used. The lower limit of 0.7 for Cronbach's Alpha as suggested by Hair et al. (1998). And Construct validity was established by carrying out exploratory factor analysis by Varimax rotation for all. Four factor result for the consumer's perceptual characteristics of PB Products, two mediating factors and one dependent factor. All constructs included in research framework have acceptable validity and reliability. Table 1 shows the factor loading, eigen value, explained variance and Cronbach's alpha for each factor. In order to assure validity of constructs, I implemented Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), using AMOS 20.0. In confirmatory factor analysis, researcher can take control over the specification of indicators for each factor by hypothesizing that a specific factor is loaded with the relevant indicators. Moreover, CFA is particularly useful in the validation of scale for the measurement of specific construct. CFA result summarized Table 2 shows that the fit measures of all constructs fulfill the recommended level and loadings are significant. To test causal relationship between constructs in the research model, used AMOS 20.0 that provides a graphic module as method for analysing Structural Equation Modeling. The result of hypothesis test is shown in Table 3. As a result of empirical study, perceived quality, brand image and perceived value as selected attributes for PB products showed significantly positive (+) effect on brand trust and brand equity. Furthermore, brand trust and brand equity showed significantly positive (+) effect on intent of relational continuance. However, store image of discount stores selling the PB products was analyzed to have positive (+) effect on brand trust and no significant effect on brand equity. Discussion : Based on the results of this study, the relationship between overall quality, store image, brand image and value perceived by consumers about PB products and intent of relational continuance was structurally verified as being mediated by brand trust and brand equity. Looking at the results, a strategic approach that maximizes brand trust and equity value for PB products by large discount stores is required on top of basic efforts to improve quality, brand image and value of PB products in order to maximize consumer's intent of relational continuance and to continuously attract repeated purchase of products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.32 no.12
• /
• pp.1927-1938
• /
• 2008

Companies can build a close relationship by providing benefits that consumers want. As long relationships between consumer and company are stressed these days, it is very important for the growth and development of companies to assess what benefits consumers perceive and how they reflect them to their buying behaviors. Thus, this study aims to examine the relational benefits that consumers perceive in internet clothing purchase and how these perceived relational benefits affects relational commitment and customer loyalty. This study surveyed 343 male and female in their 20s and 30s for empirical analysis who have ever purchased clothing through internet shopping malls. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, ANOVA analysis, Duncan test, and ${\chi}^2$-test are carried out using SPSS for Windows 12.0 for statistical analysis. The results are as follows. First, the dimensions of relational benefits perceived by consumers in internet clothing purchase are found 6 including customization, economic, psychological, social, shopping convenience, and informational. Second, consumers' perception of relational benefits significantly affect on relational commitment and loyalty, thus consumers with greater recognition of relational benefits have higher relational commitment and loyalty. Third, based on the dimensions of consumer's perceived relational benefit, consumers are categorized into 6 types: group perceiving social benefit, group perceiving economic/shopping convenience benefit, group perceiving shopping convenience benefit, group perceiving customization benefit, group perceiving informational benefit, and group perceiving psychological benefit. The group perceiving customization benefits have higher relational commitment and loyalty than the others. It is expected that this study will help internet companies establish customer relationship management strategies, which are needed to promote relationships with customers and to enhance customers' loyalty to internet shopping malls.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.18 no.7
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2020

This study investigated the key factors affecting online relational intimacy in the context of SNS. Based on the use and gratification theory, self-presentation, relationship formation and information searching were identified as the main needs of SNS usage. These needs were expected to influence online relational intimacy through user satisfaction, subjective well-being, and disclosing information behaviors. The theoretical framework was validated by a longitudinal method. Hypotheses were tested by using the partial least squares to data from 199 Facebook users. Self-presentation and information searching had a significant impact on both user satisfaction and subjective well-being. However, relationship formation did not significantly affect both user satisfaction and subjective well-being. User satisfaction had a significant direct effect only on online relational intimacy. Subjective well-beings played a significant role in enhancing both disclosing information behaviors and online relational intimacy. Finally, it has been found that disclosing information behaviors are a key factor in enhancing online relational intimacy. The results of this study are expected to provide academic and practical implications for the key antecedents of online relational intimacy.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.43-63
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate how much individual, relational, and contextual variables have an effect on the dating violence of premarital males and females. Researched are 369 male and female residents over 19 years who have experienced dating or were involved in any dating relationships in Daegu. The instruments of measurement are CTSⅡ scale and scales of relation to individual, relational, and contextual variables. The data are analysed through factor analysis, Cronbach's α, frequency, percentile, and stepwise regression analysis. The major findings of this study are as follows: First, individual variables that affect doing and victimization of dating violence are one's permission degree of dating violence, and psychological abuses experienced during childhood from one's mother. Second, relational variables that affect doing and victimization of dating violence are control toward one's partner, communication, conflict, commitment, intimacy, satisfaction of dating relationship, and feeling of inferiority toward one's partner. Third, contextual variables that affect doing and victimization of dating violence are familial relationships, friend relationships, and financial stresses.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.57-69
• /
• 2013

This study analyzed the effects of the relational norm factor of food service franchising on the intention to remain, in view of the importance of relational norms, as antecedent variables, to franchisees' perceived fairness to enhance the competitiveness by formation of long-term relationship between interested parties to food service franchising, the franchiser and the franchisee. According to a questionnaire survey, more than 100 franchisees that recorded three business years in Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi area were selected for convenience sampling. Then, among them, 515 effective samples were analyzed. For statistical data, detailed types of analysis were performed by using AMOS 17.0, such as factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory analysis and frequency analysis. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the franchiser and the franchisee by arranging relational norm factors for the relationship to be suitable for the current situation of Korea, instead of Western-style theory-based relationship marketing, and by understanding a connection between perceived fairness and management achievement-related variables, and to make a conceptual framework for building a positive relationship between the franchiser and the franchise in future food service franchising industry. Moreover, it aimed to increase franchisee satisfaction and results including re-contract according to perceived positive relationship value on the franchiser and to make contribution to find and show the proper direction for development of the Korean-style food service franchising system.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.129-145
• /
• 2009

As the secure distribution and sharing of information over the World Wide Web becomes increasingly important, the needs for flexible and efficient support of access control systems naturally arise. Since the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is emerging as the de-facto standard format of the Internet era for storing and exchanging information, there have been recently, many proposals to extend the XML model to incorporate security aspects. To the lesser or greater extent, however, such proposals neglect the fact that the data for XML documents will most likely reside in relational databases, and consequently do not utilize various security models proposed for and implemented in relational databases. In this paper, we take a rather different approach. We explore how to support security models for XML documents by leveraging on techniques developed for relational databases considering object perspective. More specifically, in our approach, (1) Users make XML queries against the given XML view/schema, (2) Access controls for XML data are specified in the relational database, (3) Data are stored in relational databases, (4) Security check and query evaluation are also done in relational databases, and (5) Controlling access control is executed considering XML tree levels

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.328-339
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study were to extract and empirically examine the effect variables on phase performance of relationship development process by identifying relationship development process between apparel store and customer. The questionnaires was asministered to 333 women frequency use of a department store, big shopping mall, discount store in Gwang-ju city during March 4-11, 2003. The data was analyzed by factor analysis, correlation analysis, and Structural Equation Model using LISREL 8.30 program. As the results, the perceived service quality with attractive factor of relationship explration phase direct positively influenced customer satisfaction among relationship expansion phases. However, relational benefit directly influenced customer satisfaction with the primary phase of relationship maintain as well as trust, customer commiment and long-term orientation. Also, customer satisfaction direct positively influenced trust, and customer' trust direct positively influenced customer commitment. Finally, the customer commitment direct positively influenced long-term orientation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.189-201
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify elements of job crafting impacts on work engagement and individual work performance in Vietnamese commercial banks. The research data, collected from 226 bank officers, uses the quantitative research tools as: Cronbach's Alpha Analysis, Explanatory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis as well as Structural Equation Modeling. The results of the hypothesis test show that only two hypotheses (H2, H3) are accepted: the impact of cognitive crafting on work engagement of bank officers (H2) and the impact of work engagement on individual work performance (H3). However, three remaining relationships (H1, H4, H5) are not accepted in the study: the impact of relational crafting on work engagement of bank officers (H1), the impact of relational crafting on individual work performance of bank officers (H4) and the impact of cognitive crafting on individual work performance of bank officers (H5). The study results indicate that cognition on job crafting leaves positive impacts on work engagement, leading to individual work performance enhancement. On the other hand, the relational crafting element implies contribution on neither collective nor individual working performances. Furthermore, no direct effect of cognition on job crafting to individual performance has been identified.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 2014

Purpose - The domestic franchise industry has made significant contributions to industry such as investment, employment, and community economy development, facilitating growth potential. The franchise industry provides management knowhow transfer between parent companies and franchisees as per contracts addressing use of business signs, franchisees' independent position, franchisor support, and royalties to be paid to the franchisors. However, many franchisors lack management knowhow and provide insufficient support because of poor control of franchisees and not having a systematic approach to support. This results in dissatisfied franchisees and failure to establish long-term relationships. Few studies have examined relational commitment and/or re-contract intention by support resources between franchisors and franchisees, despite a considerable output of theories and studies of the growth of the franchise industry. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine the effects of the ability to provide resources on relational commitments and re-contract intention, and to suggest causal relationships and implications. Research design, data, and methodology - The subject was domestic franchisors registered with the Association of Franchise with more than 50 franchisees. Franchisees under contract for 2 years and considering re-contract of their franchise 2 years later were used. The subjects totaled 300 franchisees in Seoul. A questionnaire survey was used to investigate the subject of franchisees' concessions during the 10 days from November 21, 2013 to November 30, 2013. After excluding 16 surveys with poor answers, 284 responses were finally used. Four areas and 44 questions were used. A nominal scale was used for four common characteristics questions including gender, ages, educational background, and franchise managing time. Questions regarding ability, relational commitment, and re-contract intention made use of a Likert 5-point scale. Data coding and data cleaning were used. SPSS 18.0 was used as follows. First, frequency analysis was done to investigate demographic characteristics. Second, exploratory factor analysis was done to verify validity of testing tools, and Cronbach's α coefficient was used to verify reliability. Third, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were done. An exploratory factor analysis was done to verify validity of concepts. A correlation analysis was done to test relationships between the variables, and multiple regression analysis was done to verify franchisor's ability, franchisees' relational commitment, and re-contract intention. Results - The following were the outcomes. First, store operation management, finance operation management, and human resource management affected the calculated bond. Second, store operation management and finance operation management affected the emotional bond. Third, store operation management, finance operation management, human resource management, and marketing management affected the prescriptive bond. Fourth, calculated bond and prescriptive bond had an effect on re-contract intention. Conclusions - As stated above, in franchise management, parent companies' offer and instruction of core competence to their franchisees as an information resource could improve the relational bond by helping them grow together through the resource sharing. Consequently, core competence factors were promoting factors that could improve franchisees' re-contract intention for a long time.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2015

Purpose - Augmented reality (AR) content used in mobile media today can accommodate a wide variety of contextual information. This indicates that making people experience a sense of presence and flow is a very significant factor in augmented reality content. Flow represents a rich immersion potential as representing the progress of emotion and the means to facilitate the operation of the smart phone. Therefore, users will have friendly relational continuance behavior with products and brands that supply this experience. Based on that, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among smart phone AR application traits, presence, flow experience, and relational continuance behavior. First, AR application traits are defined as three categories sensory immersion, navigation, and manipulation, based on preceding studies. This study then examines the influence of AR application traits on the presence and flow experience and looks into the relation among presence, flow experience, and relational continuance behavior. This analysis suggests more detailed and concentrated strategic implications. Research design, data, and methodology - A research model is designed to examine the relation among AR application traits, presence, flow experience, and relational continued behavior. For data collection, questionnaire surveys were composed of multi-items for each component and the direct interview method was used for the interviews. To collect the data, after running the smart phone AR applications, the consumer behaviors of the respondents were generally determined. The questionnaire surveys were conducted for one month, October 2014. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed with 278 questionnaires used for analysis, excluding the unanswered and insincere questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 20.0 and LISREL ver. 8.51. Results - The following results are found: First, AR application traits have a significantly positive effect on presence with sensory immersion, navigation, and manipulation all having a significantly positive effect. Second, sensory immersion and manipulation among the AR application traits have a significantly positive effect on flow. However, navigation did not have a significantly positive effect on flow. Third, presence has a significantly positive effect on flow and has a significantly positive effect on relational continuance behavior. Moreover, flow also has a significantly positive effect on relational continuance behavior. This behavior tends to be formed since brands want to encourage relational continuance behavior and positive emotions with the brands being used. Relational continuance behavior accompanies repeat purchasing, positive word-of-mouth and recommendation activities, and forms of trust with the brand. Conclusions - The research results showed that smart phone AR traits had significantly positive effect on presence, flow, and relational continuance behavior. Based on this, smart phone AR application providers should establish an aggressive marketing strategy to accommodate more realistic problems in order to positively influence user behavior. Additionally, the marketers should make efforts to provide fun or convenience in the AR application operation process of the user.