• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2006

This paper analyzes how levels of logistics standardization are related to logistics costs. The study surveyed ratios of standard pallet use in order to measure levels of firms' standardization in logistics management. Research focused on how firms' logistics costs were related to their levels of logistics standardization and ratios of standard pallet use. After measuring use of standard pallets and logistics costs, optimal levels of logistics standardization were estimated based on survey data. Logistics costs and standardization were more related to labor than to freight volume or export. Results indicated that firms could reduce logistics costs by raising levels of logistics standardization; optimal levels of standard pallet use out of Korean firms' total manufacturing cargo volume were estimated at 44.26% for multi-standard pallets and 57.99% for a single standard pallet (a unit load system). The study demonstrated that adopting a single standard pallet results in better cost saving logistics systems than use of multi-standard pallet types. These results may explain why firms pursue standardization in logistics systems.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.279-291
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• 2013

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare old standard EN 954-1 and new standard EN ISO 13849-1 through case study and provide necessity of adaptation of EN ISO 13849-1 in Korea. Background: International and EU harmonized standard EN ISO 13849 "safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control system" is classified into Part 1: General principles for design and Part 2: Validation. EN ISO 13849-1 standard was introduced in Official Journal of the European Union on September 8, 2009 as harmonized standard, and old standard EN 954-1 was withdrawn on December 31, 2011. So, EU decided to use of EN ISO 13849-1 standard forcibly from January 1, 2012 for safety of machinery. New machines need to be CE marked if they are to be placed on the market in the European Economic Area(EEA), Switzerland or Turkey, and Korean machine builder should apply EN ISO 3849-1 standard for safety of machinery accordingly. However, current Korean Safety Certification system(KCs mark) for dangerous machinery is not referred to EN ISO 13849-1 standard as safety standard. There is a need of research for adaptation of EN ISO 13849-1 standard in Korea as safety standards for new design of safety-related control system which use mostly electronic components. Method: Five case studies of representative designs for safety-related control system in accordance with EN 954-1were selected according to safety category from B to 4. And these five representative designs were tried to change new design in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1 standard. The results of comparison were analyzed in aspect of economy and technical complexity. Results: The results showed that EN ISO 13849-1 provided quantitative method of application and it enabled designers to create safety-related control systems that require fewer components and less wiring, with many of the components being to a lower specification and, therefore, less costly. Conclusion: EN ISO 13849-1 standard is good for electronic safety-related control systems compare to EN 954-1. By considering the importance of application of EN ISO 13849-1 and benefits, the application of EN ISO 13849-1 as safety standard for safety of machinery is urgent in Korea. Application: The results of comparing EN 954-1 and EN ISO 13849-1 standard might help to determine the adaptation of EN ISO 13849-1 standard for safety of industrial machinery in Korea.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2002

In the Korean domestic construction field, there are a lot of problems related to construction information exchange and sharing owing to the absence of construction drawing information exchange standard. To remedy the aforementioned inefficiency effectively, it is necessary to apply the STEP standard which is known as an international standard for achieving the establishment of Construction CALS. This study focus on suggesting a methodology to activate the STEP based construction drawing information exchange standard to the current construction drawing information exchanging and sharing practice. In this paper, the domestic and foreign standardization projects related to the construction drawing information have been investigated and analyzed. In addition, a methodology of applying and activating the STEP standard has been suggested. Finally, a verification and certification methodology for applying the CALS/EC construction drawing information exchange standard(STEP) have been suggested.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2002

정보기술의 발달로 보안사고가 증가되면서 침입차단 시스템, 침입탐지 시스템 및 가상 사설망 등의 기능이 통합된 보안 관리 시스템(ESM)의 개발에 대한 요구가 증가되고 있다. 그러나, 불행하게도 개발자들은 관련 표준의 미비로 어려움을 겪어왔다. 최근 ISTF가 침입차단 시스템 및 침입탐지 시스템의 로그 형식 표준을 발표하였으나 실제적으로 효율적인 ESM을 위해서는 이벤트 및 제어 메시지 등의 추가적인 표준 개발이 요구된다. 본 연구는 ISTF 표준을 분석하고 침입차단 시스템 및 침입탐지 시스템의 이벤트 및 제어 표준을 제안하고자 하며, 본 연구 결과는 ESM의 개발과 지속적인 관련 표준 개발에 도움이 될 것이다.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.111-130
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• 2023

There are the national science and technology standard classification system used in Korea, the classification according to the standard classification system for educational organization units, and the Korean standard education classification by the National Statistical Office. It is not suitable for calculation or evaluation, and classification is still mixed depending on the purpose of use. Therefore, in this study, the current status of academic standard classification, issues related to the standard classification system such as research foundation associations and research institutes, and issues related to the academic standard classification through the analysis of existing prior research issues, etc. As a result of the research, first, it is necessary to maintain and strengthen the linkage of the academic classification system, such as maintaining the linkage between the relevant departmental classification systems and strengthening the linkage with the relevant classification system, as a result of analysis of major issues in the academic standard classification system, and the systematic improvement cycle of the revision process and management system and settings are required.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.84-95
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• 1990

The objective of this study is to understand the effect of measurement-related investment. That is, this study aims at verifying the correlation between the measurement-related investment and inferiority rate of products by statistical analysis. The samples of this study are 376 industrial companies in Korea, and the research data was analysed on inferiority state of industrial companies with a measurement standard laboratory. The analysis was made by the elementary statistics, the correlation analysis and the regression analysis. The results are summarized as follows : First, the inferioriy rate of the industrial companies with a measurement standard laboratory was relatively lower than that of the other companies without the laboratory by statistical significance. Second, the increment on measurement-related investment had a negative correlation with the increment of inferiority rate, and the increase of measurement-related investment showed decrease of the inferiority rate by regression analysis.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.63-83
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze how the elements and principles of fine arts were reflected in art related activities in the teacher's manual on standard childcare curriculum for a period of 2 years. Methods: The analysis criteria for the elements of fine arts were modified and complemented based on Kim and Gang(2011) and the same was done for the principles of fine arts based on Lee et al(2015). Results: First, as a result of analyzing the art contents according to life theme in art related activities, 'artistic expression' appeared the most in all nine life themes. Second, as a result of analyzing the art related contents in the standard childcare curriculum for 2 years based on the elements of fine arts, plane, texture, shape, color, volume, line, spot, space, composition, light and shade appeared in order. Third, as a result of analyzing the art related contents on the principles of fine arts, movement, emphasis, variety, unity, rhythm, proportion, balance and pattern appeared in order. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this research suggest that the childcare activities have to be devoloped in order to provide the balanced experiences with fine arts activities.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in water law and drinking water standards in Korea and five other countries. The documentary research method was used for this study and the Dong-A newspaper(1920-1993), journal and book related water pollution law were used as an analysis data. The results can be summarized as follow: 1. Law related water pollution in Korea was legislated last and characterized by frequent law revision in comparison with other countries. 2. Drinking water standards in Korea was strict in standard item and standard value.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.130-134
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• 2014

Objective : A groove technique for securing an electrode connector was described as an alternative surgical technique in deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery to avoid electrode connector-related complications, such as skin erosion, infection, and migration. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 109 patients undergoing one of two techniques; the standard technique (52 patients using 104 electrodes) and the groove technique (57 patients using 109 electrodes) for securing the electrode connector in DBS surgery, regardless of patient disease. In the standard percutaneous tunneling technique, the connector was placed on the vertex of the cranial surface. The other technique, so called the groove technique, created a groove (about 4 cm long, 8 mm wide) in the cranial bone at the posterior parietal area. Wound erosion and migration related to the connectors were compared between the two techniques. Results : The mean follow-up period was 73 months for the standard method and 46 months for the groove technique. Connector-related complications were observed in three patients with the groove technique and in seven patients with the standard technique. Wound erosion at the connector sites per electrode was one (0.9%) with the groove technique and six (5.8%) with the standard technique. This difference was statistically significant. The electrode connector was migrated in two patients with the groove technique and in one patient with the standard technique. Conclusions : The groove technique, which involves securing an electrode using a groove in the cranial bone at the posterior parietal area, offers an effective and safe method to avoid electrode connector-related complications during DBS surgery.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.211-221
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• 2013

As the result of investigating domestic interior design (interior architecture) field-related laws, it was found that interior design (interior architecture) is not recognized as in independent area due to weak classification standards by Korean standard industrial classification and job classification. Korean standard industrial classification is applied as a standard setting limits to applicable targets and industrial fields for laws related to general administration and industrial policy other than various statistic purposes. Also, the standard industrial classifications regarding the industry field determines the laws or applicable tax rates, government support and such according to the classification, and thus is very important. Moreover, interior architecture field is largely different from general architecture due to specialization and distinct characteristics, but due to the comprehensive concept of architecture industry regulations, it is considered the proper assessment for the professionalism is not conducted. Also, interior architecture field has irrational contradictions that is not independent with a clear definition and industry field classification not only in legal system and trade customs. Therefore, The following is proposed as the plan to strengthen the domestic/international competitiveness and system improvements for interior architecture. (1)interior design (interior architecture) must be amended as an industrial classification that can coexist with architecture. (2)interior design (interior architecture) must be amended as a job classification that can coexist with architecture. (3)Among the design tasks of an architect, approval for the design task field of interior architecture field must be legislated. -In architect design standard contract (the existing architecture design task scope and quality standard table) of a structure, among the tasks by request of the owner, (1)interior design tasks shall be legislated. It should be legislated so that interior design (interior architecture) majors can be included as well. (4)The task field of interior design that coexists with design must be amended. (5)National contract law - among contract method by negotiation, specialty item must be vitalized.