• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.15-24
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• 1991

This paper reports the application study of the concrete bedding reinforcement under a buried conduit with flexible joints subjected to differential settlement via a finite elemen modeling. The reinforcement of concrete bedding helps to minimize the differential settlement between the adjoining conduit segments. Three different field conditions have been considered. The settlement pattern and deformation slope have been evaluated for each boundary condition. The analysis results are compared for both non-reinforced and reinforced cases to measure the effectiveness of concrete bedding reinforcement for restraining deformation of a conduit with flexible joints.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.61-68
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• 2019

This paper discusses the influence of transverse reinforcement spacing and support width of concrete wide beam on shear performance. In order to evaluate the shear performance, a total of thirteen specimens were constructed and tested. The transverse reinforcement spacing, the number of legs and support width were considered as variables. From the test results, the shear strength equation of concrete wide beam is proposed for prediction of shear strength of concrete wide beam to consider the transverse reinforcement spacing and support width. It is shown that the proposed equation is able to predict shear strength reasonably well for concrete wide beam.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.77-88
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• 1997

Conversion disorder is a psychologically produced alteration or loss of physical functioning suggestive of a physical disorder. Conversion symptoms are often superimposed on organic disease and can be overlooked. Psychological techniques are central to the management include the following: avoiding confrontation with the patients; avoiding reinforcement or trivializing the symptoms; reviewing results of tests and exams and creating an expectation of recovery; educating the patient before a treatment is begun; evaluating the patient's emotional adjustment and considering it at a treatment; using caution in labeling the condition; considering referral for psychotherapy; establishing particularly a treatment plan and making a definite treatment program; adjusting patient' s environment; letting participate a family at appropriate time; developing a reinforcement program for a treatment of chronic symptoms; developing a home program for outpatients. Use behavior therapy reinforcement may be helpful with more chronic or resistant symptoms, especially when there is a history of vague or excessive somatic complaints or significant secondary gain.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.331-334
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• 2003

Since regulation or specification for the reinforcing method are quite ambiguous, structural design for the reinforcement can be subjectively and arbitrarily conducted. Thus, reasonable limitation and guide for the quantity of the reinforcement are required for the safe use of the structure after repair. In order to guarantee the safety of the structural member several items should be considered; reinforcing limit to avoid the brittle failure, least required strength of the existing member before reinforcement in order not to fail under the new serviceability load condition when reinforcing steel plates or CFRP sheets are harmed or subjected to fire.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.129-135
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• 1991

This paper reports the application study of the ground reinforcement under a buried pipeline subjected to differential settlement via a finite element modeling. The soil-reinforcement interaction helps to minimize the differential settlement between the adjoining pipe segments. The settlement pattern and deformation slope of a pipeline have been evaluated for a boundary condition at the joint between a rigid structure and a pipeline. The analysis results are compared for both non-reinforced and reinforced cases to numerically evaluate the stress transfer mechanism and the effectiveness of the soil reinforcement for restraining the settlement of the pipeline.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.121-128
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• 2001

This is a case study of stability analysis and reinforcement design for the tunnel where the collapse of the entrance slops occured along the fault zone developed in the bed rock. According to the site investigation, the main factor of sliding is the influence of fault gouge and heavy rainfall. Considering the in-situ condition, the versatile reinforcement methods is needed, and so the close investigation on the site area was accompanied with the stability analysis of tunnel and slops. The FRP(Fiberglass reinforced plastic) grouting method improved the defect of Steel Umbrella Arch Method, such as oxidation, low work efficiency, the material's heavy weight, is adapted as the reinforcement methods.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.474-480
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• 2012

Diagnostic tests were performed on two high voltage(HV) motor stator windings. These tests included the measurement of insulation resistance, polarization index, AC current, dissipation factor($tan{\delta}$) and partial discharge(PD) magnitude. Surface contamination of HV motor stator windings has an effect on the AC current and $tan{\delta}$. When the stator windings were finished cleaning and insulation reinforcement, the increase rate of AC current(${\Delta}I$) and dissipation factor(${\Delta}tan{\delta}$) were very small compared to those before cleaning. However, the PD magnitude remained the same. These tests show that cleaning and insulation reinforcement of HV motor stator windings can reduce the insulation failure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.177-180
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• 2006

Experimental study has been performed in order to evaluate the effects of steel reinforcement ratio on the flexural behavior of RC beams strengthened with CFRP sheets. The steel reinforcement ratio of $0.78%({\rho}_s/{\rho}_b=24%)$ is selected to have balance failure when control RC beams were strengthened with 1 ply CFRP sheet. Total 6 half-scale specimens were manufactured including each unstrengthened specimens, which have 3 different reinforcement ratios. The specimens strengthened with CFRP sheet consist of under- or over-reinforced beams for the balanced failure condition. Moreover, the behavior of un strengthened or strengthened beams were compared to evaluate flexural performance. The results of this study show that the over-reinforced specimens were failed by concrete crushing prior to CFRP sheet failure by debonding or rupture. On the contrary, the under-reinforced specimen were failed by rupture of CFRP sheet.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1988

The new technique has been used to determine the soil-reinforcement interaction. The testing apparatus is essentially a triaxial cell fitted with the capability to house a hollow cylinderical sample. A hollow cylinderical sand specimen with a concentrical layer of reinfarcing material sandwitched in the middle is used in this investigation. The reinforcement is fastened at the base. The hollow specimen can be viewed as a "unit sheet" of a soil-reinforcement composite system of infinite horizontal extent. Axial load as well as inner and outer chamber pressures can be applied to perform a test. The specimen is first subjected to an isotropic stress state corresponding to the overburden pressure. Next, an extension test by reducing the axial load is carried out. The specimen is "loaded" to failure by either the breakage of reinforcing material (tensile failure) or slippage which takes place at the soil-reinforcement interface (i.e. the overcoming of the bonding capacity). Since the reinforcement is fastened at its lower end to the base, any tendency of relative movement between the reinforcement and the sand during an extension test can induce tensile force in the reinforcement thus forming a "reversed pull-out" test condition. Preliminary test results have demonstrated positively of the new approach to test the soil-reinforcement interaction. Reinforcing elements of different extensibility were used to study the deformbility of reinforced soil. Furthermore, both the breakage and the pull-out modes of failure were observed.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 2001

Recently, the need for strengthening reinforced concrete(R.C.) structure has been increased, particularly when there is an increase in load requirements, a change in use, a degradation problem, or design/construction defects. The use of composite materials for structural repair presents several advantages and has been investigated all over the world. It is well known that the incorporation of carbon fiber sheet(CFS) with concrete is one of the most effective ways to strengthen the R.C. structure. In this papers, experimentally investigated the ductile behavior of the R.C. beams strengthened with CFS, and provided the basic data for design of R.C. beams strengthened with CFS. Tests were carried out with 15 beams ($20cm{\times}30cm{\times}240cm$) reinforced with CFS, and with parameters including and the ratio of tensile reinforcement to that of balanced condition and number of CFS. The results show that strengthened and non-strengthened beams exhibit different ductile behovior. Non-strengthened beams showed increase of ductility as amount of the tensile reinforcement decreased. However, bearing capacity of the CFS-strengthened beams are dictated by the strength of the CFS layers that a very high ductility is indicated for the beams with large number of CFS.