• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2019

Objectives: We investigated differences between the tracheostomized and the non-tracheostomized stroke patients through microbiological analysis for the purpose of preliminary explorations of full-scale clinical research in the future. Methods: We collected tracheal aspirates samples from 5 stroke patients with tracheostomy and expectorated sputum samples from 5 stroke patients without tracheostomy. Genomic DNA from sputum samples was isolated using QIAamp DNA mini kit. The sequences were processed using Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology 1.9.0. Alpha-diversity was calculated using the Chao1 estimator. Beta-diversity was analyzed by UniFrac-based principal coordinates analysis (PCoA). To confirm taxa with different abundance among the groups, linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis was performed. Results: Although alpha-diversity value of the tracheostomized group was higher than that of the non-tracheostomized group, there was no statistically significant difference. In PCoA, clear separation was seen between clusters of the tracheostomized group and that of the non-tracheostomized group. In both groups, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria were identified as dominant in phylum level. In particular, relative richness of Proteobacteria was found to be 31% more in the tracheotomized group (36.6%) than the non-tracheostomized group (5.6%)(P<0.05). In genus level, Neisseria (24%), Prevotella (17%), Streptococcus (13%), Fusobacteria (11%), Porphyromonas (7%) were identified as dominant in the tracheostomized group. In the non-tracheostomized group, Prevotella (38%), Veillonella (20%), Neisseria (9%) were genera that found to be dominant. Conclusions: It is meaningful in that the tracheostomized group has been identified a higher rate of microbiotas known as pathogenic in respiratory diseases compared to the non-tracheostomized group, confirming the possibility that the risk of opportunity infection may be higher.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.9-18
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• 2008

The fundamental objects of the Korean Grand Canal (KGC) Project are the rehabilitation(or restoration) of river corridor ecology, improvement of river water quality, reduction of flood damages, countermeasure of the huge rise in energy price and the high discharge of $CO_2$ due to the vast use of energy for highway logistics. The other important objects, like an increase of water in the river channel, are to provide people with the pleasure of seeing the water and intimacy (touchiness) with it, an increase of flood controllability, effects of dilution of river pollutants, dredging out sedimentary pollutant from the river bottom, the function of infrastructure to pare down the logistics (distribution) costs, and the opportunity to expand tourism. These kinds of fundamental concepts must be evaluated as future values in Korea and elsewhere.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2006

The captive breeding biology of the Oriental white stork (Ciconia boyciana) was studied over 3 breeding periods. Both the male and female participated in nest building, but the male started to build the nest earlier and spent much time. Time used to build the nest was steadily increased to the egg laying. The copulations were observed $30{\pm}10.53$ (n=3) times in a breeding period. Both male and female incubated their eggs but the female spent more time than the male did. The chicks were hatched $32{\pm}1.29$ (n=6) days after egg laying. Not only the male but also the female took part in the rearing chicks. The male spent more time than the female as chicks grew. The results of this study are useful to assess the ecological soundness of the breeding pair and facilitate the breeding environment in captive breeding of the Oriental white stork.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.695-703
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• 2013

The fish fauna and population Zacco koreanus in the Cheonggye stream after the rehabilitation was investigation from April 2011 to May 2012. The collected species during the survey period were 24 species belonging to three families. Among them, Korean endemic species such as Rhodeus uyekii, Acheilognathus yamatsutae, Acheilognathus gracilis, Squalidus japonicus coreanus and Zacco koreanus were observed in the stations. Dominant species was Zacco platypus (St. 1, 3, 4) and Z. koreanus (St. 2). A total of species of A. gracilis, Hemibarbus longirostris, Gnathopogon strigatus, S. japonicus coreanus, Pseudogobio esocinus, Erythroculter erythropterus, and Tridentiger brevispinis were first observed this study with compared the previous data (2005, 2008). It seems that the introduction species of artificially to the Cheonggye stream were Cyprinus carpio (fancy carp), Carassius auratus (gold fish), Carassius auratus (chinese carp), Zacco temmincki, Z. koreanus and Misgurnus mizolepis. Calculation of the length-weight relationship of Z. koreanus showed the value of constant a as 0.000007 and b as 3.58, and condition factor (K) was 0.82 on average. The frequency analysis of total length indicated that the group 20~80mm in total length is represented by one year-old individuals, the group 90~120mm by two year-old individuals, and the group over 130mm by three year-old individuals. It is assessed that stable spawning occurred following the introduction to the Cheonggye stream.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.242-254
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• 2010

Streams changed by artificial factor those support positive functions but also negative function to humanbeing. Time and pathway exceed the lost of structure and negative function appearing as disturbance. Therefore, it is desirable to prepare right situation to break of a vicious circle. Stream ecology was evaluated with using ichthyofauna during three years at the three disturbed sites and reference sites in Nakdong River. Forty-one species belonging three orders and ten families were identified in six surveying sites of Nakdong River during 2007~2009. Korean endemic species (14 species, 34.1%) and alien (3 species, 7.3%) were identified in Nakdong River ichthyofauna. Species number, species diversity, ecosystem structure and habitat variability of ecosystem were applied to evaluate stream ecosystem. In view of three year comprehended data at six sites; numeric instability appeared Andong Dam and Naeseongcheon sites worse than Gamcheon and reference site, otherwise more numeric diversity appeared Gamcheon and reference site than Andong Dam and Naeseongcheon. As a result of integration, sand stream including downstream of Andong dam, Naeseongcheon and Gamcheon has been having more diversified biodiversity and habitat diversity than those in the pebble stream.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.441-451
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of the study was to investigate and compare the differences between Parkinson's disease rating, balance, fall and gait scales. Results : Parkinson's disease rating scales include the Hoehn-Yahr Scale and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). The Hoehn-Yahr Scale can measure disease rates easily; however it is not sensitive enough to evaluate the disease's process and management. UPDRS's advantage is in it's higher inter-reliability score; however it is more complicated to use. Parkinson's balance scales are comprised of the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC). BBS has the advantage in that it is cheaper to measure and simple in use. ABC's advantage is especially in it's ability to measure higher functional levels; however it is more difficult measure responses due to scores appearing in both extremes. The Fall Efficacy Scale (FES) and The Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (SAFE) are Parkinson's fall scales. FES's leverage over SAFE is that it is simpler to measure; however it does not coincide with responses which proves disadvantageous in measuring balance loss in high-level Parkinson's patients. SAFE's advantage is in it's simpler use and ability to be utilized without encountering the fear of fall; however it's at a disadvantage in regards to its use with multilateral aspects providing insufficient inspection. Lastly, the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) and the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) are Parkinson's gait scales. DGI is advantageous in its ability to test gait ability when exposed to a variety of external environments; however it is disadvantageous in that it registers higher scores with activities. FGA's advantage is in it's dynamic balance test; however it at a disadvantage with those unable to walk. Conclusion : A researcher of Parkinson's patients must choose each scale while considering their positive and negative characteristics.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2012

To determine the movement patterns, home range, and use of structural features of captive-bred one- or two-year-old Amur ratsnake (Elaphe schrenckii) juveniles in the natural habitat, we radio-tracked a total of 11 juvenile snakes in a mountain valley in Chiaksan National Park, South Korea, between August 21 and September 20, 2010 and between June 13 and July 13, 2011. During the first week of the release, most juveniles moved short distances, daily, but they increased their distances after the first week. The body weight of the juveniles was negatively related with the movement rate (dividing the number of movements by the number of relocations), which was positively related with the mean daily distances moved and the size of both a kernel 50% and 95% home range. During the study period, the juveniles moved daily, approximately 17 m, and the size of the minimum convex polygon and the 50% and 95% kernel home ranges were 1.8 ha, 0.4 ha, and 3.0 ha, respectively. The released captive-bred juveniles were more frequently confirmed underground or on the ground rather than on rocks or on trees. Our results suggest that the body condition of released individuals, the seasonal time of the release, and the existence of available prey and shelters in the habitat should be carefully considered when releasing captive-bred Amur ratsnake juveniles for the rehabilitation of field populations.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.337-344
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the lower extremity kinematics of subjects with dynamic knee valgus after we applied non-elastic tape while they performed overhead squat. Methods: Twenty-five subjects (12 females, 13 males) with dynamic knee valgus participated in this study. Hip and knee joint kinematics and medial knee displacement were measured during overhead squat with and without hip correction taping. Results: Hip joint internal rotation, knee valgus, and medial knee displacement were significantly lower during overhead squat with hip correction taping than without hip correction taping, but there was no significant difference in hip joint flexion and abduction. Conclusion: Hip joint correction using non-elastic taping is recommended to subjects with dynamic knee valgus to improve their lower extremity movement and alignment during overhead squat.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.73-91
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• 2014

Recently the countries breeding bears such as China and Vietnam are promoting a policy that gives relief to wild animals through agreement with AAF and WSPA. Currently our country has lacking breeding space for the increased number of bred bears due to the prohibition of bear import and export from joining the CITES in 1992. There needs to be a place that treats, protects accepts breed bears in the terms of animal welfare. The bear park was hoped to be designed as a means to give relief to bears and promote harmony with the local society, and is made of parking area, waiting area, visitors center, treatment research management facilities, restaurants, food warehouse, food store, bear museum, sanitation facilities, gondola, plaza, rehabilitation area for wild animals, outdoor exhibition center, direct indirect experience area of wild animals, resting facilities and areas, photo zones, bear playground, bear experiencing facilities, fences, information facilities, tree protection facilities and more. The design can be used as a reference in examining alternative measures following the future change in breeding policy as a bear park example which reflected the ecology of a bear in the term of animal welfare.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2001

해안지역의 녹화 및 조경용으로 유용한 내염성 식물자원임과 동시에 서식지가 급격히 감소하고 있는 순기비나무를 대상으로 하여 생장특성과 번식방법을 규명하기 위한 연구를 수행하였던 바, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 줄기의 생장형태는 포복줄기와 직립줄기가동시에 생장하고, 5개 주요 군락지에 직립줄기의 길이는 평균 46.6cm 이고, 포복경의 초대 길이는 7.6cm에 달하였다. 2. 종작발아율은 황적색의 무처리 종자와 $GA_3$처리 종자에서 71.0~72.3%로 가장 높았으나, 두 처리군사이에는 발아율의 차이가 없었다. 종피현화를 목적으로 한 황산처리는 오히려 종자의 발아를 억제하였다. 3. 종피 색깔이 황적생인 종자는 흑갈색 종자에 비해 평균 21.1%(13~30%)발아율이 높았다. 실득모율은 30% 미만으로 아주 낮았으나 흑갈색 종자에 비해 황적색 종가자 약 2배 높았다. 또한 $LD_{50}$은 황적색 종자가 흑갈색 종자보다 10~20일 짧았다. 4. 종피 색깔과 화학처리가 같은 조건에서 기건저장한 종자와 노천매장한 종자사이에는 발아율, 식득묘율, $LD_{50}$등의 차이가 없었다. 5. 기건저장한 황적색 종자가 바다모래에서 30.3%의 발아율과 10.1%의 실득모율을 나타냈으나, 갯벌흙에서는 전혀 발아되지 않았다. 6. 삽목번식의 경우 추삽에서 발근육은 녹지삽이 가장 높았고, 다음이 반지숙삽, 숙지삽의 순이었다. 발근율이 가장 높은 것은 NAA 200ppm+sucrose 2%를 처리한 녹지로서 96.7%의 발근율을 나타내었다. 발근수는 전반적으로발근율에 비례하는 경향이었다. 7. 하삽에서 NAA 200ppm+sucrose 2%를 처리한 녹지, 반숙지, 숙지의 토양별 발근율은 vermiculite+ perlite(1:1)와 마사토에서는 81.1~87.8%로 높았고, 모래와 해상에서 48.9~77.8%로 낮았다.