• Title/Summary/Keyword: Regulation Area

검색결과 864건 처리시간 0.026초

직장인의 현실요법 프로그램이 직무스트레스 감소에 미치는 효과 (The Reality Therapy Program Effect for Reducing The Occupational Stress in Company Employee)

  • 변상해;김세봉;장경주
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제9권12호
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    • pp.750-758
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구는 현실요법 집단상담 프로그램이 직장인의 직무스트레스 감소에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. A 지역의 30-40대 생산직 남성 근로자로, 현재 근무하는 직장에서 2년 이상 근무한 사람을 대상으로 하여 실험집단 10명과 통제집단 10명으로 무작위 배정하였다. 측정도구는 한국인 직무스트레스 측정 검사 단축형으로 한국직무스트레스 학회에서 2년에 걸쳐 개발한 표준 도구를 사용하였다. 수집된 자료를 연구 목적에 맞게 분석하기 위하여 t-검증을 실시하였다. 연구결과 전체적인 직무스트레스 점수는 p<.001 수준에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 하위영역에서는 직무요구, 조직체계, 보상부적절은 p<.01 수준에서, 직무자율, 관계갈등, 직무불안정, 직장문화는 p<.05 수준에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있음이 검증되었다. 이와 같은 연구방법을 통하여 도출된 결과를 토대로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 현실요법 집단상담 프로그램에 참여한 실험집단은 통제집단보다 직무스트레스가 낮아진다. 즉 현실요법 프로그램이 직장인의 직무스트레스를 감소하는데 효과가 있다.

지식기반산업의 입지수요추정 (Spatial Demand Estimation for the Knowledge-Based Industries in the Capital Region of Korea)

  • Kab Sung Kim;Sung Jae Choo;Kee Bom Nahm
    • 대한지리학회지
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    • 제38권3호
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    • pp.363-374
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    • 2003
  • 수도권은 기업의 입지선호도가 높고 수요가 많아 중앙정부는 오랜 기간동안 수도권정비계획법 등 다양한 법규와 정책으로 수도권지역의 과밀억제를 방지하는 노력을 하고 있다. 이 논문은. 이론적 분석을 통해 지식기반 산업의 발전을 위해서는 지식기반산업의 입지특성과 네트워크 형성의 성격에 맞는 입지수요의 충족이 필요하다고 제시했으며, 지식기반산업의 입지수요 추정모형을 제시하고 사례조사를 통해 입지수요를 분석하였다. 200l년 후반기에 실시한 지식기반기업에 대한 입지이전과 신규입지에 대한 수요조사를 기초로하여 로짓모형을 설정하였다. 분석결과, 향후 5년동안의 우리나라 지식기반산업 입지수요는 약 310~590만평인데 반해, 국토 전체의 산업용지는 210~390만평밖에 되지 않는 것으로 드러났다. 특히 서울남부지역은 지식기반기업의 입지수요는 무척 높은데 비해 가용지가 많지 않고 지가가 너무 높아, 많은 기업들이 이전을 고려하고 있으나, 정보, 숙련 노동력, 모험자본. 고차 사업 서비스 등의 사업여건이 구비된 곳은 수도권뿐임이 드러났다. 이 연구에서는 분석결과를 토대로 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다.

공역체제 개선계획 (Plans for Improvement of the Airspace Structure)

  • 김창섭
    • 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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    • 제12권
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    • pp.144-177
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    • 2000
  • 우리나라 공역관리를 위한 각종 절차와 제도는 있으나 국가공역관리를 위한 법적 뒷받침이 미흡하여 업무 수행상 어려움이 있으며, 특히 주권국가로서의 대외적 법적 근거가 완전하게 마련되어 있지 못한 실정이다. 이러한 관점에서 한정된 국가공역을 체계적으로 관리하여 민, 군항공기의 안전운항을 도모하고, 공역의 효율적인 운영으로 민항공 운항의 경제성을 제고함은 물론 국가안보 능력을 향상시키고 나아가 국제분쟁 또는 협상시 불이익을 방지하기 위하여 국가공역관리에 관한 논문을 연구하게 되었다. 오늘날 공간에 대해서 국제법상 공간 사용의 자유권과 관할권 주장이 논란의 대상이 되고 있다. 이는 곧 세계 각국이 가능한한 자국의 관할권 확대를 추구하고 있음을 알게 해 준다. 그러나 우리나라는 아직 항공법 상에 공역에 대한 정의가 완전하게 명시되어 있지 않으므로 어떠한 문제가 발생하였을 때 그에 적절한 대응이 미비한 실정인 바, 본 논문은 그에 대한 문제점들을 언급하였고, 또 개선방안도 함께 제시하였다. 본 논문에서 제시된 문제점들은, 첫째, 항공법상에 공역의 정의가 명시되어 있지 않으며, 공역관리에 대한 책임한계가 명확하지 않은 점 둘째, 접근관제구역과 특수공역의 구조상의 문제점 셋째, 항로체제에 관한 문제점 넷째, 계기비행절차 수립에 대한 규정 적용이 민과 군이 상호 상이한 점등이다. 이러한 문제점들을 파악하가 위하여 공역의 개념과 분류, 공역의 법적특성, 우리나라의 공역현황과 공역관리, 그리고, 선진외국의 공역현황과 관리를 살펴보고, 비교해 보았으며, 그에 따른 공역관리의 실태분석과 문제점을 바탕으로 개선방안을 제시하였다. 개선방안으로서 제시된 내용은, 첫째, 항공법상에 공역에 대한 정의를 명시하고, 공역관리에 관한 책임한계를 분명하게 규정하여야 함과, 아울러 한국공역위원회의 설치와 기능을 항공법상에 명시하여야 할 것, 둘째, 접근관제구역을 재편성하고, 특수공역을 이용하는 군항공기의 이동을 위한 비행로를 수립하는 방안과 가능하다면 특수공역의 위치를 조정할 것을 언급하였으며, 셋째, 국제민간항공기구(ICAO)의 규정에 맞지 않는 항로의 폭을 규정에 맞도록 조정할 것과, 넷째, 민과 군이 계기비행절차수립에 대한 동일 기준을 적용하여야 할 것등을 제시하였다.

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노화에 의한 Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein (MAG) 면역반응 희소돌기아교세포의 형태계측학적 및 미세구조적 변화 (Morphometric and Ultrastructural Change of Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein (MAG)-Immunoreactive Oligodendrocytes by Aging)

  • 조익현;박창현;이종환;배춘식;예상규;이법이;박승화;고기석;김진석;장병준
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • 제36권2호
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    • pp.119-130
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    • 2006
  • 정상적인 노화과정에 있어서 마이엘린연합당단백질(MAG)의 기능을 알아보고자 Sprague-Dawley 계통 흰쥐의 대뇌피질에서 MAG 면역양성반응세포(희소돌기아교세포)에 대한 형태계측학적 및 미세구조적인 분석을 시행하였다. 노화된 흰쥐의 대뇌피질(IV-VI)에서 MAG면역양성반응세포의 밀도는 정상 흰쥐에 비하여 유의하게 감소하였다. 그러나 medium과 dark 형의 희소돌기아교세포의 비율은 증가하였다. 노화된 흰쥐의 대뇌피질에서 MAG면역음성반응세포의 핵의 평균면적은 MAG면역양성반응세포의 핵의 평균면적보다 유의하게 감소하였다. MAG의 면역반응물은 노화된 흰쥐의 대뇌피질의 medium-dark형의 희소돌기아교세포의 세포질과 돌기에서 뚜렷이 감소하였고 dark형의 희소돌기아교세포에서는 거의 관찰되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 노화에 의한 희소돌기아교세포와 마이엘린의 변성은 MAG의 감소와 관계가 있을 것으로 생각되며, 희소돌기아교세포와 마엘린 계통에서 MAG의 기능을 연구하는 기초자료로서 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

Discharge Patterns and Peripheral Nerve Inputs to Cardiovascular Neurons in the Medulla of Cats: Comparison between the lateral and medial medulla

  • Kim, Sang-Jeong;Lim, Won-Il;Park, Myoung-Kyu;Lee, Jin;Kim, Jun
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.133-141
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    • 1994
  • The discharge patterns and peripheral nerve inputs to cardiovascular neurons were investigated in rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and raphe nucleus of cats. The data from the two were compared to determine their roles in cardiovascular regulation and the endogenous analgesic system. Animals were anesthetized with ${\alpha}-chloralose$ and single cell activities were recorded by carbon-filament microelectrode and their relationships with cardiovascular activity were analyzed. In RVLM area, a total of thirty-three cells were identified as cardiovascular neurons. During one cardiac cycle, the mean discharge rate of the neurons was $1.96{\pm}0.29$ and the peak activity was observed 45 ms after the systolic peak of arterial blood pressure. Thirteen cells could be activated antidromically by stimulation of the the $T_2$ intermediolateral nucleus. Forty-three raphe neurons were identified as cardiovascular neurons whose mean discharge rate during one cardiac cycle was $1.02{\pm}0.12$. None of these cells could be activated antidromically. Study of the interval time histogram of RVLM neurons revealed that the time to the first peak was $128{\pm}20.0\;ms$, being shorter than the period of a cardiac cycle. The same parameter found from the raphe neurons was $481{\pm}67.2\;ms$, which was much longer than the cardiac cycle length. Of seventeen RVLM neurons examined ten received only the peripheral $A{\delta}-afferent$ inputs, whereas six RVLM neurons received both $A{\delta}-$ and C-inputs; the remaining one cell received an inhibitory peripheral C-input. In contrast, nine of eleven raphe neurons were found to receive $A{\delta}-inputs$ only. We conclude that the main output of cardiovascular regulatory influences are mediated through the RVLM neurons. The cardiovascular neurons in the raphe nucleus appear to serve as interneurons transferring cardiovascular afferent information to the raphespinal neurons mediating the endogenous analgesic mechanisms.

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Electrochemical Characteristics of Zn and Si Ion-doped HA Films on Ti-6Al-4V by PEO Treatment

  • Lim, Sang-Gyu;Hwang, In-Jo;Choe, Han-Cheol
    • 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국표면공학회 2016년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.199-199
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    • 2016
  • Commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) and Ti alloys (typically Ti-6Al-4V) display excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Although the chemical composition and topography are considered important, the mechanical properties of the material and the loading conditions in the host have, conventionally. Ti and its alloys are not bioactive. Therefore, they do not chemically bond to the bone, whereas they physically bond with bone tissue. The electrochemical deposition process provides an effective surface for biocompatibility because large surface area can be served to cell proliferation. Electrochemical deposition method is an attractive technique for the deposition of hydroxyapatite (HAp). However, the adhesions of these coatings to the Ti surface needs to be improved for clinical used. Plasma electrolyte oxidation (PEO) enables control in the chemical com position, porous structure, and thickness of the $TiO_2$ layer on Ti surface. In addition, previous studies h ave concluded that the presence of $Ca^{+2}$ and ${PO_4}^{3-}$ ion coating on porous $TiO_2$ surface induced adhesion strength between HAp and Ti surface during electrochemical deposition. Silicon (Si) in particular has been found to be essential for normal bone and cartilage growth and development. Zinc (Zn) plays very important roles in bone formation and immune system regulation, and is also the most abundant trace element in bone. The objective of this work was to study electrochemical characteristcs of Zn and Si coating on Ti-6Al-4V by PEO treatment. The coating process involves two steps: 1) formation of porous $TiO_2$ on Ti-6Al-4V at high potential. A pulsed DC power supply was employed. 2) Electrochemical tests were carried out using potentiodynamic and AC impedance methoeds. The morphology, the chemical composition, and the micro-structure an alysis of the sample were examined using FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD. The enhancements of the HAp forming ability arise from $Si/Zn-TiO_2$ surface, which has formed the reduction of the Si/Zn ions. The promising results successfully demonstrate the immense potential of $Si/Zn-TiO_2$ coatings in dental and biomaterials applications.

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Efficient Mining of Frequent Subgraph with Connectivity Constraint

  • Moon, Hyun-S.;Lee, Kwang-H.;Lee, Do-Heon
    • 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2005년도 BIOINFO 2005
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    • pp.267-271
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    • 2005
  • The goal of data mining is to extract new and useful knowledge from large scale datasets. As the amount of available data grows explosively, it became vitally important to develop faster data mining algorithms for various types of data. Recently, an interest in developing data mining algorithms that operate on graphs has been increased. Especially, mining frequent patterns from structured data such as graphs has been concerned by many research groups. A graph is a highly adaptable representation scheme that used in many domains including chemistry, bioinformatics and physics. For example, the chemical structure of a given substance can be modelled by an undirected labelled graph in which each node corresponds to an atom and each edge corresponds to a chemical bond between atoms. Internet can also be modelled as a directed graph in which each node corresponds to an web site and each edge corresponds to a hypertext link between web sites. Notably in bioinformatics area, various kinds of newly discovered data such as gene regulation networks or protein interaction networks could be modelled as graphs. There have been a number of attempts to find useful knowledge from these graph structured data. One of the most powerful analysis tool for graph structured data is frequent subgraph analysis. Recurring patterns in graph data can provide incomparable insights into that graph data. However, to find recurring subgraphs is extremely expensive in computational side. At the core of the problem, there are two computationally challenging problems. 1) Subgraph isomorphism and 2) Enumeration of subgraphs. Problems related to the former are subgraph isomorphism problem (Is graph A contains graph B?) and graph isomorphism problem(Are two graphs A and B the same or not?). Even these simplified versions of the subgraph mining problem are known to be NP-complete or Polymorphism-complete and no polynomial time algorithm has been existed so far. The later is also a difficult problem. We should generate all of 2$^n$ subgraphs if there is no constraint where n is the number of vertices of the input graph. In order to find frequent subgraphs from larger graph database, it is essential to give appropriate constraint to the subgraphs to find. Most of the current approaches are focus on the frequencies of a subgraph: the higher the frequency of a graph is, the more attentions should be given to that graph. Recently, several algorithms which use level by level approaches to find frequent subgraphs have been developed. Some of the recently emerging applications suggest that other constraints such as connectivity also could be useful in mining subgraphs : more strongly connected parts of a graph are more informative. If we restrict the set of subgraphs to mine to more strongly connected parts, its computational complexity could be decreased significantly. In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm to mine frequent subgraphs that are more strongly connected. Experimental study shows that the algorithm is scaling to larger graphs which have more than ten thousand vertices.

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작업 강도가 방진 마스크의 밀착도와 감성품질에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Work Intensity on Fit Factor and Affecive Quality of Dustproof Mask)

  • 이진실;조선희;윤정민;김민선;박재규;최재호
    • 품질경영학회지
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    • 제46권2호
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    • pp.301-310
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of work intensity on fit factor and affective quality of the dustproof Background: Among the victims who suffer pneumoconiosis due to the inhalation of toxic substances or the lack of oxygen during the work, the proportion of the victims is larger than the other causes. Wearing a respirator may prevent pneumoconiosis, but it can be hazardous to workers because of the leakage through filters, cartridges, exhaust valves, broken parts, and face-to-face contact. Despite leakage through the contact area between the mask and the face has various causes such as the wearer's activity, sweat accumulation, facial shape, etc., There is a lack of relevant research and regulation compared to developed countries that have already institutionalized the law 30 years ago and give the right to sell through a test Method: The work intensity was adjusted by walking or running at 6km/h and 11km/h on the treadmill, and tasks were defined with reference to the test procedure and the exercise sequence applied in the face leakage test of the dustproof mask. And fit factor was measured objectively using 'Respirator Fit Tester 8038' which measures fit factor calculated by dividing the number of dust present outside the mask by inside the mask. In addition, affective quality was classified by the ease of use, ease of breathing, and ease of wearing, and was measured using the 5-point likert scale questionnaire. Results: There was a significant difference in fit factor, ease of breathing, and wearing convenience according to work intensity and no significant difference in ease of use(${\alpha}=0.01$). And when the work intensity was high, fit factor, ease of breathing, and wearing convenience were all lower than when the work intensity was low. Conclusion: In Korea, it is necessary to consider consideration of the work intensity when testing the leakage rate of the face part for safety certification of the respiratory protective equipment, When developing a mask, it should be possible to maintain high adhesion even under intense, active situation and high temperature conditions by selecting materials, improving the wearing style, and expanding the adjustable range.

금강수계 댐과 보의 운영에 의한 하류 유황특성 연구 (Study of the Lower Duration Curve Characteristic by Reservoir and Weir Couple-operating System in Geum River Basin)

  • 안정민;차기욱;류경식;류시완
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
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    • 제44권4호
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    • pp.285-293
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구에서는 제한된 수자원 부존량을 효율적으로 사용하고 각 댐의 저류량, 수요에 대한 용수공급량 및 하천유지용수를 최대화하기 위해 댐 상 하류간의 연계운영 모형을 이용하여 연계운영 효과를 분석하고 댐과 보의 최적 연계운영을 통한 하류단의 수문학적 거동 특성 변화를 검토하여 댐운영 개선방안 도출 등 다양한 하천관리 개선 방안에 대해 연구하였다. 대상유역은 신뢰성 높은 수문자료를 획득 가능한 금강 수계 유역으로 하였으며 수문자료는 순물소모량을 감안한 '67~'06년(40개년) 유입량(수자원장기종합계획, 2006)을 유역의 일유입량으로 변경하여 적용하였다. 연계운영 시 네트워크상에서 용수공급 가능한 범위는 연평가시 95%를 만족하는 신뢰도를 적용하였으며 기존에 건설된 용담, 대청댐에 의해 구해진 저수지수는 0.292로 산정되었고 향후 추가될 금남, 금강, 부여보에 의해 재산출된 저수지수는 0.297로 나타났다. 결과적으로 29.2%를 저류할 수 있는 상태에서 보가 추가되면서 29.7%로 저류량이 증가됨을 나타낸다. 규암지점의 유황변동특성을 분석한 결과, 각 단계가 증가할수록 저수량 $Q_{275}$과 갈수량 $Q_{355}$은 증가하고 풍수량 $Q_{95}$과 평수량 $Q_{185}$은 감소하여 대상지점의 유황이 전반적으로 개선되는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 특히, 갈수량의 경우 댐과 보에 의해 통제가 되지 않은 수치 보다 댐-보연계 시 $16.3m^3/s$ 증가하였다. 본 연구를 통해 자연상태의 유황보다 댐연계 및 댐-보 연계운영에 의해서 유황이 안정되고 이로 인해 안정적으로 이용할 수 있는 용수가 증가되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

Regulation of SPIN90 by Cell Adhesion and ERK Activation

  • Kim Sung Hyun;Kim Dae Joong;Song Woo Keun
    • 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국미생물학회 2004년도 International Meeting of the Microbiological Society of Korea
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    • pp.141-146
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    • 2004
  • SPIN90 was identified to farm molecular complex with $\betaPIX$, WASP and Nck. This complex shows that SPIN90 interacts with Nck in a manner dependent upon cell adhesion to extracellular matrix, but $SPIN90{\cdot}{\beta}PIX{\cdot}WASP$ complex was stable even in suspended cells. This suggests that SPIN90 serves as an adaptor molecule to recruit other proteins to Nck at focal adhesions. SPIN90 was phosphorylated by ERK1, which was, itself, activated by cell adhesion and platelet-derived growth factor. Such phosphorylation of SPIN90 likely promotes the interaction of the $SPIN90{\cdot}{\beta}PIX{\cdot}WASP$ complex and Nck. It thus appears that the interaction of the $SPIN90{\cdot}{\beta}PIX{\cdot}WASP$ complex with Nck is crucial for stable cell adhesion and can be dynamically modulated by SPIN90 phosphorylation that is dependent on cell adhesion and ERX activation. SPIN90 directly binds syndapin I, syndapin isoform II-1 and II-s via its PRD region in vitro, in vivo and also associates with endocytosis core components such as clathrin and dynamin. In neuron and fibroblast, SPIN90 colocalizes with syndapins as puntate form, consistent with a role for SPIN90 in clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. Overexpression of SPIN90 N-term inhibits receptor-mediated endocytosis. Interestingly, SPIN90 PRD, binding interface of syndapin, significantly blocks internalization of transferrin, demonstrating SPIN90 involvement in endocytosis in vivo by interacting syndapin. Depletion of endogenous SPIN90 by introducing $\alpha-SPIN90$ also blocks receptor-mediated endocytosis. Actin polymerization could generate farce facilitating the pinch-out event in endocytosis, detach newly formed endocytic vesicle from the plasma membrane or push out them via the cytosol on actin tails. Here we found that SPIN90 localizes to high actin turn over cortical area, actin-membrane interface and membrane ruffle in PDGF treated cells. Overexpression of SPIN90 has an effect on cortical actin rearrangement as filopodia induction and it is mediated by the Arp2/3 complex at cell periphery. Consistent with a role in actin organization, CFP-SPIN90 present in actin comet tail generated by PIP5 $kinase\gamma$ overexpression. Therefore this study suggests that SPIN90 is functional linker between endocytosis and actin cytoskeleton.

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