• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.175-187
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• 2000

PyoBon GeunGyul - one of the twelve regular meridians theory - play a important role on the principle of point selection and point prescription in acumoxibustion. PyoBon explain the connection of the concentration and diffusion of channel qi, GeunGyul explain the relation of both poles of channels flow. So, Geun and Bon means the starting point of channel qi, and Pyo and Gyul means the terminal point of channel qi. But the flow of channel qi on PyoBon GeunGyul different from today's circulation courses of twelve regular channels based on Kyungmaek(經脈) chapter of Youngchu. Thus this study investigate the contents of PyoBon GeunGyul and consider its connection with channel flow. The results are as follows : 1. PyoBon GeunGyul theory explain that the relation of the limbs and trunk at meridian and emphasize that the connection of meridian and the importance of the limb acupoints. 2. PyoBon GeunGyul theory can be understandable in the view of the primordial qi and explain that the primordial qi of twelve regular channels acts from the limbs to the trunk. 3. PyoBon GeunGyul theory is based on the system of primordial qi channel which circulates from fingers and toes facing toward heart or the head, different from today's circulation courses of twelve regular meridians. 4. PyoBon GeunGyul theory act as a basis of principle of a part or distant point selection which applicated widely in acumoxibustion.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.199-225
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• 2004

For the purpose of experimental and clinical studies on the 14 channels and collaterals, we performed an inquiry on the anatomical mapping of neronal, circulatory and muscular networks in the human body which possibly correspond to the major pathway of Du channel and Ren channel known to be critical for overall controlling and mediating 12 regular channel connections. The theoretical background of this analysis was based on the oriental medicinal treatises which described acu-points and related anatomical informations. We suggest that rearrangement methodology for the 12 regular channels as described here may be applied to other 12 regular channels and to develop the new concept on the elucidation of the medical efficacy based on precise anatomical localization of channels and collaterals as well as the meridian points. It is proposed that interdisciplinary studies between oriental and western medicine are critical for more efficient achievement.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.523-532
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• 2003

VOD 서비스는 멀티미디어의 특성인 높은 대역폭과 긴 재생시간으로 인해 비디오 서버의 네트워크 자원 소비가 많다. 비디오 서버의 네트워크 입출력 대역폭을 절약하기 위해 패칭이 제안되었다. 패칭은 True VOD를 실현하기 위해 멀티캐스트를 사용하여 비디오 스트림을 공유하고, 사용자에게 서비스지연 없이 즉시 VOD 서비스를 제공한다. 패칭에서 통신 채널은 정규 채널로서 하나의 비디오 전체를 멀티캐스트하기 위해 또는 패칭 채널로서 비디오의 앞부분만을 멀티캐스트하기 위해 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 패칭에서 사용되는 정규 채널의 사용 시간을 단축시키기 위해 부정규 채널과 정규 채널로 구분하는 버퍼링 패칭 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법에서 부정규 채널은 정규 채널과 달리 비디오의 전체 데이타중에서 버퍼링 윈도우에 해당하는 비디오의 끝 부분을 전송하지 않으며, 이 비디오의 끝 부분은 최근의 정규 채널로부터 다운로드 되어 사용자 버퍼에 저장된다. 제안하는 기법의 성능을 패칭과 비교하기 위해 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며 시뮬레이션 결과 제안한 기법이 사용자 스테이션에서 버퍼링 되는 비디오 데이터의 양은 패칭보다 많지만, 이탈율, 평균 서비스 지연시간, 공평성에 있어서 패칭보다 우수함을 보여주었다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.252-256
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• 2011

We analyze the channel capacity with considering the effect of the loading conditions of indoor PLC networks on channel state information. We consider various numbers of load for two kinds of the networks with regular length branches and a deployed network of indoor PLC. For calculating the channel capacity degradation, two noise scenarios and impedances are considered. From the simulation results, we suggest the robust regression lines for modeling the channel capacity degradation. In the cases of 0 $\Omega$ and $Z_0$ loads, natural log and linear function curve show the best goodness of fit, respectively. For the deployed indoor PLC network with 0 $\Omega$ loads, compared with the networks with regular length branches, the goodness of fit decreases by the amount of 0.12 and 0.15 for low noise and high noise scenarios, respectively. Using the regression lines, we can estimate the channel capacity degradation without measurement.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2009년도 정보 및 제어 심포지움 논문집
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• pp.284-286
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• 2009

In this paper, we consider a cognitive radio system operating as secondary user. It uses an empty channel that is not currently used by primary users having the license to the channel. In the previous works, secondary user looks for an empty channel by choosing any channel in order or randomly and by sensing the channel to distinguish whether primary users are using. But if primary user is fixed type, we will find an empty channel faster than the mentioned channel selecting methods by using a method considering prior information about cases that primary user used the channel, since it is possible to analogize the channel access possibility of primary user according to regular time and position. Therefore, we propose a channel searching method based on the channel list for the purpose of reducing the channel searching time and improving throughput of secondary users. Firstly, we determine a weighting value of each channel based on the history of channel activities of primary users. This value is added to current channel state buffer and we search an empty channel from channel with smallest value to one with the biggest value. Finally, we compare the performances of the proposed method with those of the sequential channel searching and the random channel searching methods in terms of the average channel searching time and the average number of transmissions of secondary user.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.285-290
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• 2010

We investigate the outage probability in terms of QoS (quality of service) in indoor PLC network. We consider various kinds of appliances for realistic indoor PLC network. For estimation of the outage probability, we calculate the time-varying channel responses considering the loading conditions based on regular human activities and include the additive noise. We calculate the outage probability for each terminal and investigate relationship between the outage probability and the channel length, and transmit powers. Our results suggest that the outage probability is increased when the channel length becomes longer because more appliances affect the amount of reduced channel capacity and is not improved distinctly for very high and low outage threshold by increasing the transmit power. However, we can see outage probability improvement for 30% outage threshold case by increasing the transmit power.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.622-634
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• 2004

In this paper, we discuss the design problem and the robustness of space-frequency trellis codes (SFTCs) for multiple input multiple output, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems. We find that the channel constructed by the consecutive subcarriers of an OFDM block is a correlated fading channel with the regular correlation function of the number and time delay of the multipaths. By introducing the first-order auto-regressive model, we decompose the correlated fading channel into two independent components: a slow fading channel and a fast fading channel. Therefore, the design problem of SFTCs is converted into the joint design in both slow fading and fast fading channels. We present an improved design criterion for SFTCs. We also show that the SFTCs designed according to our criterion are robust against the multipath time delays. Simulation results are provided to confirm our theoretic analysis.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2004

I have come to next conclusions in consequence of documentary study about medical books of many generations regarding acupuncture and moxibustion therapy of arthalgia syndrome. 1. Jing point of regular channels is most used. Next there are extraordinary point, ashi point in the acupuncture and moxibustion therapy of arthalgia syndrome. 2. The gall baldder channel of foot-shaoyang is most used. Next there are the urinary bladder channel of foot-taiyang, the large intestine channel of hand-yangming, the stomach channel of foot-yangming, the small intestine channel of hand-taiyang, the spleen channel of foot-taiyin, the liver channel of foot-jueyin, the triple-warmer channel of hand-shaoyang, the du channel, the lung channel of hand-taiyin, the kidney channel of foot-shaoyin, the pericardium channel of hand-jueyin, the heart channel of hand-shaoyin, the ren channel in the order of frequency in used channel among the twelve channels. 3. Three yang channels of foot is most used. Next there are three yang channels of hand, three yin channels of hand, three yin channels of foot in the order of frequency in use among the twelve channels. 4. The gall baldder channel of foot-shaoyang is most used. Next there are the urinary bladder channel of foot-taiyang, the large intestine channel of hand-yangming, the triple-warmer channel of hand-shaoyang, the stomach channel of foot-yangming, the small intestine channel of hand-taiyang, the liver channel of foot-jueyin, the lung channel of hand-taiyin, the spleen channel of foot-taiyin, the kidney channel of foot-shaoyin, the du channel, the pericardium channel of hand-jueyin, the ren channel the heart channel of hand-shaoyin in the order of frequency in used point among the twelve channels. 5. Huantiao is most used. Next there are Weizhong, Quchi, Yangfu, Chize Feiyang Xiyangguan Xiguan Tianjing, Sanli Xiaoluo in the order of frequency in use. 6. Jing point in the order of frequency of use, expel wind-evil and remove wetness-evil on the Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy of Arthalgia Syndrome.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.685-691
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• 2008

이동통신의 발달과 함께 모바일을 통한 VOD 서비스의 요구는 빠르게 증가하고 있다. 모바일 VOD 서비스는 언제, 어디서든 비디오 정보를 쉽게 액세스할 수 있는 편리함과 교육, 연예, 비즈니스와 같은 많은 어플리케이션 영역에서 유용하게 사용되고 있다. 그러나 모바일 시스템의 특성상 클라이언트의 빈번한 이동과 끊어짐으로 원활한 VOD 서비스를 제공하기에는 많은 어려움이 존재하고 있다. 다수의 클라이언트들에게 보다 안정적인 VOD 서비스를 제공하기 위한 방법으로 브로드캐스팅 전송 기법의 중요성이 강조되고 있으며 특히 주기적 브로드캐스팅 기법에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 모바일 환경에서 적은 대역폭 자원을 이용하여 다수의 클라이언트들에게 효율적인 VOD 서비스를 위한 방법으로 기존의 세그먼트 크기에 의해 결정되었던 채널 할당 방법을 무선 중계기를 이용하여 정규채널 그룹과 보조채널 그룹으로 나누고 정규채널에서는 정규 스트림을 전송하고 보조채널에서는 정규 스트림을 받기 위해 발생되는 초기 서비스 지연 시간을 줄이기 위해 첫 번째 세그먼트를 반복 전송함으로써 서버 대역폭 요구량 감소와 초기 서비스 지연 시간을 줄일 수 있는 기법을 제안하고 있다. 제안된 기법을 통하여 서버 대역폭 요구량은 30% 이상 절감시킬 수 있었으며 줄어든 초기 서비스 지연 시간 또한 성능분석을 통해 밝힌다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2024

As listed as one of the most important requirements for Post-Quantum Cryptography standardization process by National Institute of Standards and Technology, the resistance to various side-channel attacks is considered very critical in deploying cryptosystems in practice. In fact, cryptosystems can easily be broken by side-channel attacks, even though they are considered to be secure in the mathematical point of view. The timing attack(TA) and the simple power analysis attack(SPA) are such side-channel attack methods which can reveal sensitive information by analyzing the timing behavior or the power consumption pattern of cryptographic operations. Thus, appropriate measures against such attacks must carefully be considered in the early stage of cryptosystem's implementation process. The Montgomery multiplier is a commonly used and classical gadget in implementing big-number-based cryptosystems including RSA and ECC. And, as recently proposed as an alternative of building blocks for implementing post quantum cryptography such as lattice-based cryptography, the big-number multiplier including the Montgomery multiplier still plays a role in modern cryptography. However, in spite of its effectiveness and wide-adoption, the multiplier is known to be vulnerable to TA and SPA. And this paper proposes a new countermeasure for the Montgomery multiplier against TA and SPA. Briefly speaking, the new measure first represents a multiplication operand without 0 digits, so the resulting multiplication operation behaves in a very regular manner. Also, the new algorithm removes the extra final reduction (which is intrinsic to the modular multiplication) to make the resulting multiplier more timing-independent. Consequently, the resulting multiplier operates in constant time so that it totally removes any TA and SPA vulnerabilities. Since the proposed method can process multi bits at a time, implementers can also trade-off the performance with the resource usage to get desirable implementation characteristics.