• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.217-238
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• 2023

Currently, automobile tax in Korea is imposed by multiplying the vehicle's engine displacement by a certain tax rate. However, the need for revision is being raised as it is pointed out that the current system does not reflect the immediate task of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Accordingly, this study focuses on the positive relationship between engine displacement and CO₂ emissions, and seeks to calculate an appropriate automobile tax rate considering average CO₂ emissions. To this end, first, we estimated the average annual CO₂ emissions (kg/vehicle) for each engine displacement using the average CO₂ emissions for each vehicle displacement as of 2020. Next, multiple scenarios were analyzed considering the standard tax rate at $75 per ton of CO₂ emissions proposed by the IMF (2019). In particular, we compared the case of imposing a uniform carbon tax of $75 and the case of imposing a progressive tax based on CO₂ emissions by displacement. According to the results, it was confirmed that the uniform tax rate proposed by the IMF is difficult to apply to Korea as it is due to the impact of a decrease in tax revenue, and a tax scheme needs to be designed appropriately considering maintenance of tax revenue according to the current automobile tax, greenhouse gas reduction effect, and automobile tax reform trends in developed countries. For example, in the case of the K3 (1,598cc) of Kia Motors, a representative compact car sold in Korea, if we compare the tax burdens for each tax scenario, the tax burden will be about 220,000 KRW under the current system, about 79,000 KRW under the uniform tax rate, about 83,000 KRW under the progressive tax rate, and about 240,000 KRW under the progressive tax rate similar to the UK tax system, respectively. In this way, this study identified the current statuses of automobile registration and tax in Korea, and automobile tax reform trends in major developed countries, and analyzed the impact of automobile tax reform considering engine displacement and CO₂ emissions, focusing on the tax burden of the people.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2009

A simple and sensitive method for erythromycin quantification by liquid chromatography electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in fishery products was developed. Samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction using 70% acetonitrile. Lipids were removed by acetonitrile saturated hexane. LC separation was performed on a Shiseido UG C-18 column ($150\;mm{\times}2.0\;mm$ internal diameter.) with a gradient system of 0.2% acetic acid-acetonitrile containing 0.2% acetic acid as a mobile phase at flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The mass spectrometer was operated in selected reaction monitoring with positive electro-spray interface. Transitions were monitored a m/z $734{\to}577$ and $734{\to}158$, with m/z $734{\to}577$ chosen for quantification. Recovery of erythromycin from fish and shrimp fortified at the 10 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL were 91.6-109.4%, 84.4-111.2% and 98.8-109.6% with high precision, respectively. Limits of quantification and limits of detection of erythromycin in both fish and shrimp were 10.0 ng/mL and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. This analysis method for erythromycin has been proposed for registration in the Korean Official Methods of Food Analysis and has been utilized for fishery products analysis by the Korea Food and Drug Adminstration and the National Fisheries Products Quality Inspection Service.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.16 no.1 s.75
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• pp.15-27
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• 2007

The Korean Auto industry has developed remarkably over the past 30 years. In 2005 alone, Korea produced 3.7 million vehicles, and the number of vehicles registered surpassed the 15 million marks. The rapid growth in registration, however, has given increasing problems to the traffic congestion and the environmental pollution. The system for handling of ELV in Korea is governed by the 'Motor management law'. The law places the responsibility for vehicle scrapping directly on the vehicle owners. The take-back rate of ELV reaches nearly 100% in Korea since 1987. To further entourage recycling, the government introduced the extended producer responsibility system(EPRS) starting January 1, 2003, which imposes waste recycling obligations on producers or importers. According to the system, producers must recycle home appliances and packaging materials. This system, however, did not involve the automobiles. In 2006, the automobiles recycling law is under preparing now by the government. This article is concerning current status for End-of-Life vehicle's recycling and the recycling system model for advanced ELV industries in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.495-509
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• 2012

Journals are the main indicator to evaluate the level of the studies of a country. The main purpose of this study is to suggest the improvements of the current journal evaluation system to enhance the level of journal quality. To accomplish the above purpose, the 631 researchers are surveyed by internet for their recognition. The major findings are as follows. Firstly, the current registration process need to be maintained, however, need to reinforce the conditions to level up the journal level and to extend the term for keeping the rate. Secondly, the professionalism and credibility of the appraisers need to be reinforced to increase the equity and rationality of the current evaluation system. Thirdly, the evaluation process for the newly entering journal need to be more strict than the current system. Fourthly, the Korean citation index or Kor-Factor need to be applied to evaluate the domestic journals. Lastly, the restriction policy is need to constrain the number of journals.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.41-46
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• 2005

It have been known that the probability of accidental happening in towing-barge is higher than that of other merchant vessels. Because the towing-barge is restricted in thier manoeuvring ability due to its towingline. A report from ministry maritime affairs and fisheries said that the rate of collision accident for towing-barge is $40\%$ high tlnn other transport system in sea. A number of researches have been carried out to improve the safety policy in the towing-barge sea transportation system by the gorvernment. This study examined the safety status in domestic towing-barge sea transportation system The registration status, safety operational policy and post accidental data were also examined A survey research of experts relating to towing-barge operation also was carried out to find the detailed of safety status. This study would be applicable to set up safety policy for towing-barge marine transportation system.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.47-52
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• 2005

It have been known that the probability of accidental happening in towing-barge is higher than that of other merchant vessels. Because the towing-barge is restricted in thier manoeuvring ability due to its towingline. A report from ministry maritime affairs and fisheries said that the rate of collision accident for towing-barge is $40\%$ high than other transport system in sea A number of researches have been carried out to improve the safety policy in the towing-barge sen transportation system by the gorvernment This study examined the safety status in domestic towing-barge sen transportation system The registration status, safety operational policy and post accidental data were also examined. A survey research of experts relating to towing-barge operation also was carried out to find the detailed of safety status. This study would be applicable to set up safety policy for towing-barge marine transportation system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8525-8531
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• 2016

Background: Cancer has become a major health problem associated with high mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries. The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence rates of different types of cancer in Sulaymaniyah from January-2006 to January-2014. The data were compared with those reported for other middle east countries. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study depended on data collected from Hiwa hospital cancer registry unit, death records and histopathology reports in all Sulaymaniyah teaching hospitals, using international classification of diseases. Results: A total of 8,031 cases were registered during the eight year period, the annual incidence rate in all age groups rose from 38 to 61.7 cases/100,000 population/year, with averages over 50 in males and 50.7 in females. The male to female ratio in all age groups were 0.98, while in the pediatric age group it was 1.33. The hematological malignancies in all age groups accounted for 20% but in the pediatric group around half of all cancer cases. Pediatric cancers were occluding 7% of total cancers with rates of 10.3 in boys and 8.7 in girls. The commonest malignancies by primary site were leukemia, lymphoma, brain, kidney and bone. In males in all age groups they were lung, leukaemia, lymphoma, colorectal, prostate, bladder, brain, stomach, carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) and skin, while in females they were breast, leukaemia, lymphoma, colorectal, ovary, lung, brain, CUP, and stomach. Most cancers were increased with increasing age except breast cancer where decrease was noted in older ages. High mortality rates were found with leukemia, lung, lymphoma, colorectal, breast and stomach cancers. Conclusions: We here found an increase in annual cancer incidence rates across the period of study, because of increase of cancer with age and higher rates of hematological malignancies. Our study is valuable for Kurdistan and Iraq because it provides more accurate data about the exact patterns of cancer and mortality in our region.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.123-129
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• 2017

New mobile phones with high tech-camera and a large size memory have been recently launched and people upload pictures of beautiful scenes or unknown flowers in SNS. This paper develops a flower recognition system that can get information on flowers in the place where mobile communication is not even available. It consists of a registration part for reference flowers and a recognition part based on OpenCV for Android platform. A new color classification method using RGB color channel and K-means clustering is proposed to reduce the recognition processing time. And ORB for feature extraction and Brute-Force Hamming algorithm for matching are used. We use 12 kinds of flowers with four color groups, and 60 images are applied for reference DB design and 60 images for test. Simulation results show that the success rate is 83.3% and the average recognition time is 2.58 s on Huawei ALEUL00 and the proposed system is suitable for a mobile phone without a network.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.5049-5052
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of oncological death for women, in both developed and developing countries. In Iran, breast cancer ranks first among cancers diagnosed in women. The aim of this study was to present the burden of this cancer including incidence, mortality and years life lost (YLL) due to breast cancer in Iranian women. Materials and Methods: National incidence data from the Iranian annual National Cancer Registration reports from 2003 to 2009 and national death statistics reported by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education from 1995 to 2010, stratified by age group, were included in this analysis. Also calculated YLLs provided by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) for the years 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010 were employed to express the years lost due to BC for Iranian women. Results: The general mortality rate of breast cancer increased during these years from 0.96 to 4.33 per 100,000 and incidence increased from 16.0 to 28.3 per 100,000 for the years under study. YLLs calculated by IHME showed both increasing and decreasing patterns, with a tendency for stabilization. Conclusions: The burden of breast cancer for Iranian women is still increasing. Thus, health education programs to inform women regarding the signs and risk factors, and national screening to facilitate early diagnosis are needed for the female community in Iran.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3113-3118
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• 2012

Introduction: Cancer is the second cause of death in Kuwaiti people after cardiovascular diseases. This study is the first in the country to describe epidemiological measures related to cancer in this population. Methods: Data obtained from the Kuwait cancer registry included all Kuwaiti patients between years 2000-2009. Analyses were conducted using age-specific rates, the age-standardization-direct method, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), cumulative risk by the age of 74 years, limited-duration prevalence, mortality and forecasting to year 2029. Results: It was noted that the commonest cancer sites were colorectal with an age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 16.1/100,000 in males and breast (49.4/100,000) in the female population. The trend of cancer incidence (1974-2009) showed no statistically significant change. First causes of death due to cancer were female breast 8(6.4-9.6)/100,000 and lung (males) 8.1/100,000 (6.6-10.0). The risk of developing cancer by the age of 74 was 13.4% (1/8) and 14.3% (1/7) in males and females respectively, and the risk of dying from cancer in the same age group was 1/17 and 1/23. By the end of 2009, prevalent cases represented 0.52% of the Kuwaiti population. In the year 2029, the total number of cancer cases is expected to reach 1200 cases compared to 889 cases in 2009. Conclusions and recommendations: The most common cancers in Kuwait (breast, colorectal and lung) are largely preventable. Prompt and effective interventional prevention programs that vigorously involve diet, anti-smoking and physical activity for both sexes are urgently required.