• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.690-698
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• 2019

Air pollution has attracted ever-increasing attention because of its substantial influence on air quality and human health. To better understand the characteristics of long-range transported pollution, the single particle chemical composition and size were investigated by the single particle aerosol mass spectrometry in Fuzhou, China from 17th to 22nd January, 2016. The results showed that the haze was mainly caused by the transport of cold air mass under higher wind speed (10 m·s^-1) from the Yangtze River Delta region to Fuzhou. The number concentration elevated from 1,000 to 4,500 #·h^-1, and the composition of mobile source and secondary aerosol increased from 24.3% to 30.9% and from 16.0% to 22.5%, respectively. Then, the haze was eliminated by the clean air mass from the sea as indicated by a sharp decrease of particle number concentration from 4,500 to 1,000 #·h^-1. The composition of secondary aerosol and mobile sources decreased from 29.3% to 23.5% and from 30.9% to 23.1%, respectively. The particles with the size ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 ㎛ were mainly in the accumulation mode. The stationary source, mobile source, and secondary aerosol contributed to over 70% of the potential sources. These results will help to understand the physical and chemical characteristics of long- range transported pollutants.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.166-180
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• 2015

Pollutant in watersheds comes from two major sources which are NPS (nonpoint source pollution) and PS (point source pollution). Most of the pollutant can be treated by wastewater treatment plants. However, wastewater treatment plants may not be an appropriate practice to improve water quality for the watersheds with large portion of NPS pollutant and NPS pollution from direct runoff and baseflow has different characteristics. Therefore the practices to improve water quality need to be comprehensive for pollutants by both direct runoff and baseflow. Riparian buffer, one of practices to manage pollutant in watershed, has been applied to reduce pollutant not only from direct runoff but also baseflow. In this study, the scenarios for pollutant reduction by wastewater treat plants and the nitrogen reduction by riparian buffer were simulated using SWAT-REMM to suggest an effective plan for pollutant reduction from baseflow. Riparian buffer provided nitrogen reduction of 0.2~75.0% in YbB watershed and 38.0~47.0% in GbA watershed. The result indicates that riparian buffer is effective to reduce the pollutant especially from baseflow, and it suggested as suitable for the a watershed which WWTP discharge is not capable to reduce enough pollutant.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.29-42
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• 2017

This study aims to analyze the effect of local government capacities on the improvement of air pollution. For this purpose, we construct a dynamic panel model using a data set for air pollutants such as $SO_2$, $CO_2$, and particulate matters and the local governments' capacities for Chinese Provinces in the period of 2007 - 2014. The results show that of the three types of capacities, the organizational capacity measured by environmental personnel, environmental expenditures, and average size of environmental institutions is very important, while the institutional capacity and social capacity have a insignificant impact on the air quality improvement. Among the local government capacities, other than the organizational capacity, only the activity of environmental organizations, which is a social capacity, partially affects the improvement of air pollution. Regarding local conditions, vertical dependence of financial resources, GRDP per capita, and population density have a negative impact on improving air pollution. These findings provide implications for local governments in China as to what capacities they should improve to improve air pollution.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.108-114
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• 2016

Sediment-laden water leads to water quality degradation in streams; therefore, best management practices must be implemented in the source area to control nonpoint source pollution. Field monitoring was implemented to measure precipitation, direct runoff, and sediment concentrations at a control plot and straw-applied plot to examine the effect on sediment reduction in this study. A hydrology model, which employs Curve Number (CN) to estimate direct runoff and the Universal Soil Loss Equation to estimate soil loss, was selected. Twenty-five storm events from October 2010 to July 2012 were observed at the control plot, and 14 storm events from April 2011 to July 2011 at the straw-applied plot. CN was calibrated for direct runoff, and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and coefficient of determination were 0.66 and 0.68 at the control plot. Direct runoff at the straw-applied plot was calibrated using the percentage direct runoff reduction. The estimated reduction in sediment load by direct runoff reduction calibration alone was acceptable. Therefore, direct runoff-sediment load behaviors in a hydrology model should be considered to estimate sediment load and the reduction thereof.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.583-591
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• 2004

In this study, methodologies for the rational organization of air pollution monitoring network were examined by understanding the characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of secondary air pollution, whose significance would increase hereafter. The data on $O_3$ and $NO_2$ concentrations during high ozone period in 1998~1999 recorded at the nine air pollution monitoring station in Busan were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) and cumulative semivariogram. It was found that the ozone concentration was deeply associated with the daily emission characteristics or the $O_3$ precusors, and nitrogen dioxide concentration largely depends on the emission strength of regional sources. According to the spatial distribution analysis of ozone and nitrogen dioxide in Busan using cumulative semivariograms, the number of monitoring stations for the secondary air pollution can be reduced in east-west direction, but reinforced in north-south direction to explain the spacial variability. More scientific and rational relocation of air pollution monitoring network in Busan would be needed to investigate pollution status accurately and to plan and implement the pollution reduction policies effectively.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 1995

This study analyzes the problems of environmental laws, development planning laws, Metropolitan Area Development Planning(MADP), and the level of environmental pollution at Pusan and Asan-Bay Metropolitan Area where MADP will be realized in the near future. In order to prevent the environmental pollution by realization of MADP, Environmental Impact Assessment Act and environmental impact assessment systems in Korea should be revised so as to reflect the followings. First, the impact of national landuse planning change on the environment should be considered at the beginning of environmental impact assessment procedures. Second, the overlapping and greater impact of many projects, whose part is the subject of environmental impact assessment, upon surrounding metropolitan area should be simultaneously evaluated and the environmental pollution protection and abatement alternatives must be made according to the above impact of the projects. Thirdly, total effluent regulation of water pollution, air pollution and solid wastes should be enforced based on the self-purification of the metropolitan area environment.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.63-71
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• 1995

This study analyzes the problems of environmental laws, development planning laws, Metropolitan Area Development Planning (MADP), and the level of environmental pollution at Asan-bay metropolitan area, where MADP will be realized in the near future. In order to prevent environmental pollution by the implementation of MADP, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act and EIA systems in Korea should be revised so as to reflect the followings. First, the impact of national landuse planning changes on the environment should be considered at the beginning of the EIA procedures. Second, the overlapping and greater impact of many projects upon surrounding metropolitan areas should be simultaneously evaluated, though each project is the subject of EIA, and the environmental pollution protection and abatement alternatives must be made in accordance with the above impact of the projects. Thirdly, total effluent regulation of water pollution, air pollution and solid wastes should be enforced based on the self-purification of the metropolitan area environment.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.49-67
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• 1993

Rapid economic development and increase of energy consumption in east Asia including China, Korea and Japan has arisen a concern in air pollution problems in local and regional scale. Specially, China is accomplishing a success in continuous economic growth, while increasing energy consumption has caused a load to air quality because major energy source is coal which is relatively unfavorable in terms of air pollution. In this article, discussions have been given with the purpose of gaining some insight into the situation of air pollutant sources, air quality in China and transboundary transport of air pollutants in this area. Very limited information has caused insufficient survey, however, regional cooperation in environmental conservation may hopefully improve the air quality in this area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.223-230
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• 1997

DRASTIC system developed by U.S.EPA, is widely used for assessing regional groundwater pollution susceptibility by using hydrogeological factors such as depth to water, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, vadose zone media, hydraulic conductivity. The system can be applied to site selection of well or waste disposal and landuse for groundwater protection. In this study, hydrogeological spatial database of Younggwang area about topography, drainage, well, geology, soil and landuse was constructed using GIS (Geographic Information System) and regional groundwater pollution susceptibility is analyzed using the spatial database and GIS overlay technique.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.737-744
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• 2006

Present study was designed to characterize the concentrations of major roadside air pollutants in Daegu and to compare with those of Seoul and Busan. Evaluated were the exceedance frequence of mean concentrations of target compounds(CO, NO$_2$, O$_3$, PM$_{10}$, SO$_2$) and the relationship for time variation. Two air pollution monitoring stations(one roadside station and one residential station) in Daegu were selected for this study. In addition, one roadside monitoring station from each of Seoul and Busan was chosen for the comparison of Daegu monitoring stations. The data analyzed in the current study were collected from 1998 to 2000 by Daegu Regional Environmental Management Office. The roadside concentrations of NO2 and PM to and the exceedance frequency of ambient air standard levels in Daegu were higher than those of Seoul and Busan. Except 03, the roadside concentrations of all target compounds showed following three distinguished patterns; first, possibly due to increased traffic density, the concentrations increased from 0500 to 0900(LST), second, the concentrations decreased from 0900 to 1700(LST) possibly due to the increased wind velocity and decreased traffic density, and finally, increased traffic density, the concentrations increased again from 1700 to 2100(LST). An implication was that major air pollution sources shifted from residential area to road-area during rush hours.