• 천문학회보
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.59.1-59.1
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• 2019

Immediate vicinity of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) is an important place to test general relativity in strong gravity regime. Also, this is a place where mass accretion and jet formation actively occurs at the centers of active galaxies. Theoretical studies predict presence of bright ring-like emission encircling an accreting SMBH with a diameter of about 5 Schwarzschild radii, and a flux depression at the center (i.e., BH shadow). Direct imaging of the BH shadow is accordingly of great importance in modern astrophysics. However, the angular sizes of the horizon-scale structures are desperately small (e.g., ~40-50 microarcseconds (uas) diameter for the nearest best candidates). This poses serious challenges to observe them directly. Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a global network of sensitive radio telescopes operating at 230 GHz (1.3 mm), providing ultra-high angular resolution of 20 uas by cutting-edge very long baseline interferometry techniques. With this resolution, EHT aims to directly image the nearest SMBHs; M87 and the galactic center Sgr $A{\ast}$ (~40-50 uas diameters). In Spring 2017, the EHT collaboration conducted a global campaign of EHT and multiwavelength observations of M87 and Sgr $A{\ast}$, with addition of the phased ALMA to the 1.3mm VLBI array. In this talk, I review results from past mm-VLBI and EHT observations, provide updates on the results from the 2017 campaign, and future perspectives.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2007

Tilt rotor-wing concept to show enhanced performance in low speed mission is presented. Three types of stud wings on the existing tilt rotor configuration are suggested and their characteristics are compared. Aerodynamic analysis indicates that the stud wing concept gives significant performance improvement on the endurance and range in the low speed regime when compared with the tilt rotor. Penalties of the stud wing are discussed from the perspectives of conversion corridor, structural weight, configuration design, and cross wind stability. This study concludes that the advantage of the stud wing in general UAV mission performance is so significant as to surpass the penalties in other perspectives investigated.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.73-87
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• 1993

As a result of accepting the '71 FUND Convention and enforcing the Oil Pollution Compensation Act 1992, we observed some benefits and costa. This paper analyses those benefits and costs and suggests se-veral key policy recommendations for the estasblishment of an effective oil pollution compensation regime in Korea. This paper identifies the said benefits and costs as follows : First, by establishing the oil pollu-tion compensation system as same as the international level, most of small and medium size of oil pollution damage which are caused by coastal tankers will be compensated by FUND. Second, most of oil pollution damage which are not covered by '69 CLC will be compensated by FUND. Third, some parts of FUND Contribution Fee and CRISTAL Contribution Fee to be charged by major oil companies will be doubled. However the limit of international oil pollution compensation system and the loophole outside the Oil Pol-lution Compensation Act 1992 suggest followings : 1) Radical risk management and insurance manage-ment of ocean going tanker owners, 2) Establishment of oil pollution claim settlement system, 3) Enforce-ment of crew and ship management for coastal tanker and 4) Establishment of Korean P & I Club.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제21권
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• pp.87-111
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• 2010

This research examines the concept of 'homo sovieticus' by reviewing the sociological essay novel homo sovieticus written by Zinoviev who was one of the well-known dissident in Soviet Union period, and attempts to have critical understanding of the concept. It is an interesting research topic that current Russia and Russians who get through the historical layers from Soviet to post-Soviet regime at the time current trend that allows to have various academic discussions of post-Soviet. It is required to examine the past of Russia and Russian to make precise estimation of their current and future. Therefore, it is necessary to re-examine the term of 'homo sovieticus' which is conventionally accepted. This research aims at broad comprehension of homo-sovieticus by focusing on the Zinoviev's own understanding instead of the habitual use of the term which only contains ideological and political intention.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.87-107
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• 2010

본 연구는 한국과 유럽 국가의 사회적 배제 지표를 실증적으로 비교 분석함으로써, 한국의 사회적 배제 현상이 유럽 국가의 그것과 비교하여 어떠한 성격을 가지고 있는지를 살펴볼 목적을 가지고 작성되었다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 제2장에서는 유럽에서 사회적 배제의 개념이 어떠한 정치적 맥락에서 발원하고 발전해왔는지를 살펴보고, 사회적 배제에 대한 개념규정을 시도한다. 이어서 제3장에서는 에스핑 안데르센(G. Esping-Andersen, 1990, 1999)의 복지레짐론과 실버(M. Silver, 1994)의 사회적 배제 파라다임을 비교하여 논의함으로써, 사회적 배제 현상에 대해서 복지레짐론이 어떠한 설명력을 가지고 있는지에 대해서 논의한다. 본 연구의 본론에 해당되는 제4장은 2000년도부터 2007년까지 한국과 유럽 6개국(보수주의: 독일과 프랑스, 자유주의: 영국과 아일랜드, 사민주의: 스웨덴과 핀란드)의 사회적 배제 지표를 주성분분석(Principal Component Analysis)을 통해서 분석하고, 분석결과에 대한 해석을 통해서 한국의 사회적 배제의 성격을 규명하고자 한다. 제5장에서는 연구결과를 정리하고, 정책적 함의를 구하고자 한다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2006

고농도 과산화수소는 별도의 산화제가 필요치 않은 단일추진제로써 상온에서 액상인 장점이 있어 다양한 장치의 추진제로 이용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 상온에서의 시동 성능 보완을 위해 이원 촉매층을 이용한 실험적인 연구를 수행하였다. 상온에서의 뛰어난 성능을 바탕으로 $K_2MnO_4$를 도입부의 촉매로 선정하였으며 이를 위해 알루미나 졸-겔법을 이용한 새로운 코팅법을 개발하였다. 가스발생기를 이용한 반응실험을 통해 설계유량에 적합한 기화기의 길이를 결정하였고 이를 이용한 이원 촉매 가스발생기의 성능평가를 수행하였다. 성능평가 결과, $10^{\circ}C$ 이하의 온도에서 냉시동(cold-start)에 성공하였으며 높은 분해효율을 확인하였다.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제14권6_1호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2014

집권 3년차의 김정은 시대 북한의 지속과 변화 분석은 나름대로 의미를 부여할 수 있을 것이다. 분석한 결과 보다 합리적이고 통계적인 방법을 적용하기 위하여 김일성, 김정일, 김정은 시대의 신년사를 활용하였다. 북한에 있어서 신년사만큼 영향력 있는 사항은 드물며 북한사회의 제 분야에 있어서 한해의 길라잡이 역할을 수행하고 있다. 현재까지 발표된 김일성, 김정일, 김정은 시대 신년사를 종합적으로 고찰하여 정리하였다. 종합된 신년사를 김일성, 김정일, 김정은 시대로 구분하여 발표방법, 내용구성, 기타사항을 등을 비교 분석하였으며, 이어서 북한 정권별 신년사 특징과 함의를 살펴보았다. 이와 같은 분석 결과를 바탕으로 김정은 시대의 지속과 변화를 전망해 보았다. 먼저 지속적인 사항으로 제시한 사항은 사회주의 체제 고수와 선군정치의 통치방식이다. 변화사항으로는 (1) 경제난 타개를 위한 부분적인 개방문제, (2) 북한의 핵문제, (3) 자본주의 성격의 유입과 사회주의 통제력 약화, (4) 김정은의 해외 유학경험 등을 4가지 사항을 변화요인으로 제시하였다. 이러한 김정은 시대의 북한 사회의 변화와 지속요인은 복합적으로 작동될 것이다. 김정은 시대의 북한의 지속과 변화문제는 남북문제를 해결해 나가는데 핵심 사항들이다. 전 국민적 공감대를 형성하면서 국론결집 노력 강화와 변화 상황에 능동적으로 대처할 수 있는 대북정책의 유연성을 확보하는 자세가 필요한 시점이다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제62권
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• pp.87-109
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• 2014

This article examines the regime for the recognition, enforcement and execution of arbitral awards rendered under the auspices of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes(ICSID). The effectiveness of international arbitration depends on the degree of finality of the award and the ease with which the award may be enforced by the prevailing part. The ICSID Convention provides for rigorous finality and seeks to establish optimal preconditions for the enforcement of awards in manner that distinguishes ICSID from other international arbitral regimes. As with other classes of disputes subject to judical or arbitral jurisdiction, most ICSID cases settle. In the cases that do proceed to award, participants must understand what will happen if the losing party fails to comply with the award voluntarily and the prevailing party takes the award through phases known as "recognition", "enforcement" and "execution". Investors should assess possible execution before finalizing investments and certainly before they initiate collection proceedings on ICSID awards. An investor with a monetary award in hand should attempt to locate assets of the losing State and then obtain comparative law advice to identify jurisdictions that allow attachment of at least certain categories of sovereign assets.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.398-403
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• 2003

Shallow $p^{＋}$ n junction was formed using a ULE(ultra low energy) implanter. Deactivation phenomena were investigated for the shallow source/drain junction based on measurements of post-annealing time and temperature following the rapid thermal annealing(RTA) treatments. We found that deactivation kinetics has two regimes such that the amount of deactivation increases exponentially with annealing temperature up to $850^{\circ}C$ and that it decreases linearly with the annealing temperature beyond that temperature. We believe that the first regime is kinetically limited while the second one is thermodynamically limited. We also observed "transient enhanced deactivation", an anomalous increase in sheet resistance during the early stage of annealing at temperatures higher than X$/^{\circ}C$. Activation energy for transient enhanced deactivation was measured to be 1.75-1.87 eV range, while that for normal deactivation was found to be between 3.49-3.69 eV.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.87-109
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• 2022

The study attempts to examine the system-building activities of scientific institutions in developing the Molecular Diagnostic (MDs) Innovation System in India. Scientific Institutions are the precursor of any technological development with their capabilities in generating new ideas. MDs are advanced and accurate diagnostic technology with considerable scope to serve the diagnostic needs and requirements of the healthcare system. We adopted a System framework and analyzed the development of MDs in terms of the Technological Innovation System (TIS) functions, and the systematic challenges are assessed through the System Failure Framework (SFF). Based on the secondary and primary survey of prominent science base actors, the study finds that the role of government is crucial for facilitating technological development within a science base through the mobilization of resources. In India, the MDs technological development gained significant momentum over the last decade with the development of specialized human resources and dedicated research institutes. However, we do find that the innovative capabilities in attaining need-based TIS are sub-optimal owning to the specific diagnostic needs of highly burdened diseases in the society. The system analysis reveals that the TIS functions are underperforming because of the absence of a well-defined funding mechanism and goal-oriented targeted policy regime of the government. Since MDs have a transformative effect on the present healthcare system, we argue that the government has to address the system-based challenges and issues for developing a need-based technological innovation system for MDs in the country.