This study suggests the prediction model for the concentration variation of $NO_2{^-}$ and $NO_3{^-}$ along with the rate constants of all reactions during ozonation under UV radiation ($O_3$/UV process). While $NO_2{^-}$ was completely converted into $NO_3{^-}$ during the $O_3$-only process, the production of $NO_2$ radical or $N_2O_4$ was expected in the $O_3$/UV process. In addition, the quenching of OH radicals, by $NO_2$ radical in the $O_3$/UV process, resulted in regeneration of $NO_2{^-}$. However, the regeneration of $NO_2{^-}$ was not observed in the $O_3$/UV process in the presence of $C_6H_6$ where the concentrations of $NO_2{^-}$ and $NO_3{^-}$ were significantly reduced compared to in the process without $C_6H_6$. The pseudo-first order rate constants of all species were calculated with and without the presence of $C_6H_6$ to predict the variation of concentrations of all species during the $O_3$/UV process. It was suggested that $NO_2{^-}$ and $NO_3{^-}$ in the $O_3$/UV process can be more effectively removed from an aqueous system with an OH radical scavenger such as $C_6H_6$.
The etching characteristics of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and etch selectivity of ZnO to $SiO_2$ in $BCl_3/Ar/Cl_2$ plasma were investigated. It was found that ZnO etch rate shows a non-monotonic behavior with increasing both Ar fraction in $BCl_3$ plasma, RF power, and gas pressure. The maximum ZnO etch rate of 53 nm/min was obtained for $BCl_3$(16 sccm)/Ar(4 sccm)/$Cl_2$(3 sccm) gas mixture. The chemical state of etched surfaces was investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). From these data, the suggestions on the ZnO etch mechanism were made.
Callus culture initiation of strawberry (Fragaria${\times}$ananassa Duch.) was investigated at different Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium strengths, types and concentrations of plant growth regulators, and incorporating a cold pretreatment period to determine the optimal nutritional and environmental conditions. No high quality callus was induced on MS media without auxin regardless of medium strength. When 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) was combined with indole acetic acid (IAA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), high quality callus were highly induced compared to medium supplemented with auxin alone. When $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ BA was combined with IAA, NAA, and 2,4-D, high quality callus induction was more effective than the medium supplemented with the other BA concentrations. The best combination of auxin and cytokinin for high quality callus induction was $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NAA and $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ BA. Although the differences in callus induction were not significant, high quality callus induction at half strength MS medium was more effective than at full strength medium. When $30g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sucrose was added to the half strength MS medium, the rate of high quality callus induction increased. The optimum cold pretreatment temperature and period for high quality callus induction were $4^{\circ}C$ and 72 h, respectively. Regeneration rate of high quality callus increased in MS medium supplemented with thidiazuron.
The efficiency of regeneration of callus and explants from leaf and stem disks of Epimedium koreanum was examined on the MS media containing 2,4-D, NAA, Kinetin, BA and TDZ. Calli were formed on the 2mg/l 2,4-D media at the rate of 32% from leaf discs and 52% from stems. No callus was produced on the media which are containing BA or TDZ alone. The combination of 2,4-D and BA showed the effect on the formation of callus. The combination of 2mg/l 2,4-D and 0.lmg/l BA in the MS media had produced the highest percentage of callus formation, 50% from leaf discs and 40% from stems, respectively. The combination of 2mg/l 2,4-D and 1mg/1 BA in the MS media had affected the formation of callus in the rate of 40% from leaf discs and 25% from stems. The combined plant growth regulators of 2,4-D and BA increased the formation of calli from leaf discs, but single treatment of 2,4-D showed the highest callus formation from stems. Multiple shoots from leaf discs were formed on the media containing NAA, BA, kinetin, and TDZ. The highest number of multiple shoots were obtained 0.1mg/l NAA combined with 1mg/l kinetin. As a result, leaf discs or stems can be used for the mass propagation of Epimedium koreanum, but stem elongation of shoots from calli was not easy.
Distribution of size class, population regeneration and changes in the population structure of Quercus mongolica were studied from 1994 to 1999 in Mt. Jumbong (128°27' E, 38° 04' N) of Mt. Sorak National Park and Biosphere Reserve in central Korea. Three 20m × 20m permanent quadrats were set up at the elevation of 900m. The vegetation of the study site was dominated by Quercus mongolica and Acer pseudosieboldianum, but little change was observed in the community structure from 1995 to 1999. Most mortality in the study site was observed in small trees of A. pseudosieboldianum and Tilia amurensis. Mean annual growth in dbh (diameter of breast height) of Q. mongolica for 4 years was only 0.09cm, and no ingrowth of saplings (dbh < 2.5cm) into tree class was observed during the study period. Among the 21 Q. mongolica trees studied in the permanent quadrats. all the smaller trees (dbh < 30cm) were established in 1920 ∼ 1950, while many bigger trees (with 40cm < dbh < 80cm) were established in 1750 ∼ 1800, indicating that its establishment was episodic. Distribution of dbh classes among Q. mongolica trees shows that smaller trees were poorly represented, and no saplings of Q. mongolica occurred in the permanent quadrats studied, indicating that currently Q. mongolica is not regenerating well in the study site. Total seed production of Q. mongolica in 1994 was estimated as 88 acorns per square meter in the study site. Rate of predation including caching of acorns was highest in 1994, then declined sharply thereafter. Most of the acorns which managed to survive in the first year were predated in the second year, and only 5% of the acorns produced in 1994 survived into the third year. No seeds produced in 1994 or seedlings germinated from them succeeded to survive to 5 years after seed production. However, seedling emergence rate and seedling survival were high in the early growing season in 1995. These results suggest that predation can be a significant factor in the regeneration of Q. mongolica. and that Q. mongolica is not regenerating well in Mt. Jumbong and needs large scale disturbances for its new recruitment.
The selective migration, attachment and proliferation of periodontal ligament cells are the desired goal of periodontal regeneration therapy. Fibronectin is well known for an attachment protein for dentin surface. Also, Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is well known to enhance the periodontal regeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluation the effect of fibronection and FGF on the attachment rate and the cellular activity. Human gingival fibroblast and periodontal ligament cells were cultured from the teeth extracted for non-periodontal reson. Cultured human gingival fibroblast and periodontal ligament cells in vitro were treated with fibronectin and FGF a various dosage and culture times. Cellular activity was examined by MTT assay. The results of this study was demonstrated that cell attachment rate of experimental group was under the control value at 1st, 2nd, 3rd incubation day. But, at 3rd incubation day, attchment value tended to return to the control value. In case of fibronectin alone application, cellular activity was decreased than that of control at 1st, 2nd incubation day. But 3rd day, cellular activity was returned to the control value. The activity of gingival fibroblast in FGF alone application was decreased thatn that of control at each incubation day. But activity of periodontal cell group was increased cell activities at 2nd, 3rd day. Additionally cellular activity of fibronectin & FGF combined application on gingival fibroblast group was similar to control value at incubation day. But activity of periodontal ligament cell group was increased at 2nd, 3rd day compared with control group.This study demonstrated that combined application of fibronectin & FGF induced the selective chemotaxis for periodontal ligament cell in vitro.
Purpose : The aim was to compare the implant success rate according to membrane type through a clinical case of patients, who used bio-resorbable membrane and non-resorbable membrane. Methods : A survey was conducted targeting patients with the use of bio-resorbable membrane and non-resorbable membrane who visited H dental clinic in Busan for implant surgery and bone graft for 1 year from May 2010 to May 2011. A chart was made and surveyed for 100 people with non-resorbable membrane and for 75 people with bio-resorbable membrane. Results were compared. Results : 1. As for the measurement value of Periotest M${(R)}$, the value of -8~0 was measured with 92% in case of surgery by using non-resorbable membrane. The value of +1~+9 was measured with 8.0%. In case of surgery by using bio-resorbable membrane, Peiotest M(R) was measured with 78.7% as for the value of -8~0 and 16(21.3%) as for the value of +1~+9. In light of this, a case of using non-resorbable membrane was indicated to be higher(p=0.021) in success rate than a case of using bio-resorbable membrane. 2. As a result of periodontal conditions, namely, bleeding(p=0.914), swelling(p=0.500), inflammation(p=0.074), pain(p=0.571), and itch appearance(p=0.475) according to membrane type, all were insignificant. Conclusions : A case of using non-resorbable membrane is considered to be likely to be more effective than using bio-resorbable membrane during GBR(Guided Bone Regeneration) with the use of membrane in implant surgery.
Kwon, Soo-Jeong;Lee, Ui Gun;Moon, Young Ja;Cho, Gab Yeon;Boo, Hee Ock;Lee, Moon Soon;Woo, Sun Hee;Kim, Hag Hyun
한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
/
한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
/
pp.273-273
/
2017
Polyploidy has opened a new horizon for selection to sculpt a variety of new gene functions, traits, and lineages. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the colchicine concentration, temporal changes, and suitable material for inducing effective tetraploid plants of Codonopsis lanceolata. A total of 180 individuals from 16 treatment groups were germinated, and exposed to different concentrations of Colchicine. The plant height of the diploid (18.1 cm) was slightly shorter than that of the tetraploid (13.4 cm). The fresh weight of the main root in the diploid (0.5 g) was 4-fold higher than the tetraploid (2.2 g). The colchicine-treated plant regeneration rate in C. lanceolata was decreased at the elevated concentration of colchicine. A total of 126 individual plants were regenerated in the entire treatment group and tetraploid (2n=4x=32) plants were obtained. In particular, 5 individuals of the tetraploid plant were induced in the 0.05% colchicine for 6h, which is a higher rate (29.4%) than other regenerated plants. As in the seed treatment result, the plant height of the diploid was significantly higher (10.4 cm) than tetraploid. The root length of the tetraploid (10.1 cm) was longer than the diploid, and the root was also thicker. Taken together, the results obtained from the present study may be helpful for the efficient recovery of such polyploid plants through the in vitro application of colchicine, and may improve the productivity and breeding of C. lanceolata.
Forest devastation in Korea was caused by several factors such as internal factors from geological features and external factors from artificial forest damages including fuel wood collection from forests, forest fires, shifting cultivations and so on. According to the reports of 1935, lots of forest devastation in Kyungpook province area occurred around the main and branch stream of Nakdong river. Main factors of occurring forest devastation in 1935 were investigated by the methods of forest devastation rate and the population density at the basin of Nakdong river. But based on our study, forest devastation mainly occurred in rock zones of granite and granite gneiss, next to Nakdong formation but scarcely occurred in Hayang formation. Clay of the weathered soils of granite and granite gneiss was lost by rainfall, but remaining coarse-sandy soils(or grits) have poored conditions in vegetation's growth, which are due to high level of water permeability, lack of water-holding capacity and dried conditions. Generally, pine forests are mainly growing up in these regions. It is supposed that forest devastation was accelerated due to long periods of natural regeneration and no ability of natural regeneration by sprout after frequent collections of fuel wood and cuttings from pine forest on those grit areas. These results indicated that the high rate of forest devastation occurred around the basin with the high resident population density, which was partly due to forest damages by fuel collection. Moreover, both geological features and number of residents had much influence on forest devastation. Forest devastation was positively correlated with those variables(r=+0.73).
To understand natural regeneration and stand development after fire in mixed broadleaved-coniferous forests of Sikhote-Alin Mountains, ten sample plots of $50m{\times}50m$ size were established in 1975 and 1983 at the stands burned by wildfires in 1973 and 1982, respectively. And, the number of naturally regenerated seedlings were monitored in two $50m{\times}4m$ subplots in each plot. The most fire-sensitive conifer species is Abies nephrolepis, while Betula costata is the most fire-sensitive broadleaved tree species. The most fire-resistant species were Q. mongolica, T. taquetii and A. mono. The results of 20 and 30 years after the fire showed that pioneer tree species, e.g. Populus, Salix, and Betula, were regenerated immediately at the early stage of stand development and grew where there is a mono canopy layer with high density. On the other hand, the densities of successors, e.g. Pinus koraiensis, Picea jezoensis, Abies nephrolepis, Acer mono and Tilia taquetii, which were present in the study plots before the fire, increased gradually. Naturally regenerated tree species after forest fire by the growth rate were divided into three groups according to their annual height growth. The seral tree species (Betula costata, Betula platyphylla, Padus maackii, Populus tremula and Sarix caprea) belong to the first group and have the highest growth rate (from 40 to 96 cm per year). The late successional broad-leaved trees (Tilia taquetii, Acer mono and Quercus mongolica) belong to the second group and have intermediate annual height growth (from 3.7 to 13.5 cm per year). The late successional coniferous species (Picea jezoensis, Pinus koraiensis and Abies nephrolepis) form the third group and have the least annual height growth (from 1.4 to 3.5 cm per year).
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.