• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.306-311
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• 2021

Objective: The objectives were to develop prediction equations for digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) of feed ingredients and diets for pigs based on chemical composition and to evaluate the accuracy of the equations using in vivo data. Methods: A total of 734 data points from 81 experiments were employed to develop prediction equations for DE and ME in feed ingredients and diets. The CORR procedure of SAS was used to determine correlation coefficients between chemical components and energy concentrations and the REG procedure was used to generate prediction equations. Developed equations were tested for the accuracy according to the regression analysis using in vivo data. Results: The DE and ME in feed ingredients and diets were most negatively correlated with acid detergent fiber or neutral detergent fiber (NDF; r = -0.46 to r = -0.67; p<0.05). Three prediction equations for feed ingredients reflected in vivo data well as follows: DE = 728+0.76×gross energy (GE)-25.18×NDF (R2 = 0.64); ME = 965+0.66×GE-24.62×NDF (R2 = 0.60); ME = 1,133+0.65×GE-29.05×ash-23.17×NDF (R2 = 0.67). Conclusion: In conclusion, the equations suggested in the current study would predict energy concentration in feed ingredients and diets.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.26.1-26.9
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• 2023

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) produces a severe hypersensitivity reaction caused by Herpes simplex virus or mycoplasma infection, vaccination, systemic disease, or other agents. Several studies have investigated the genetic susceptibility involved in SJS. To provide further genetic insights into the pathogenesis of SJS, this study prioritized high-impact, SJS-associated pathogenic variants through integrating bioinformatic and population genetic data. First, we identified SJS-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms from the genome-wide association studies catalog, followed by genome annotation with HaploReg and variant validation with Ensembl. Subsequently, expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) from GTEx identified human genetic variants with differential gene expression across human tissues. Our results indicate that two variants, namely rs2074494 and rs5010528, which are encoded by the HLA-C (human leukocyte antigen C) gene, were found to be differentially expressed in skin. The allele frequencies for rs2074494 and rs5010528 also appear to significantly differ across continents. We highlight the utility of these population-specific HLA-C genetic variants for genetic association studies, and aid in early prognosis and disease treatment of SJS.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to define nurses' level of self-leadership, self-esteem, and organizational effectiveness, and to examine relationships among above variables. Methods: The subjects of this study were 313 nurses from two general hospitals located in Seoul Metropolitan area in Korea. The data was collected by self-reported instruments: Self-leadership scale, Self-esteem scale, Job satisfaction scale, Organizational commitment scale, and Turnover intention scale, Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple reg res don u dng SPSS-PC program, Results: The average scores of variables were; self-leadership, 3,72/5,00 self-esteem, 3,76/5,00 Job satisfaction, 3,36/5.00 organizational commitment, 3.29/5.00 and turnover intentioncri 2.94/5,00, Self-leadership was dgnificantly correlated to self-esteem, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. Self-leadership, job satisfaction, and turnover intention explained 52.3% of organizational commitment. Self-leadership and organizational commitment explained 43% of turnover intention. Conclusions: It is recommended to develop standardized self-leadership curriculum in the nursing school to build a foundation of self-leadership from undergraduate nursing students, Educational programs are needed that promote nurses' self-leadership as regular continuing education. Organizational effectiveness would be improved by providing programs to enhance nurses' self-esteem, educational motivation, and organizational commitment, which boost self-leadership.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.173-184
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• 2011

Today smart devices such as smart phones, smart pads and tablets have become necessities of modern people in both daily life and business as they have widely proliferated. One of the most popular application areas of smart devices is a game-related area. Among these applications social network games, played with other users through social networks, are ranked top in their popularity. Though much research of PC games and online games have been performed, little research of social network games and the factors affecting acceptance of social network games are not vigorous yet. Therefore, we aim to analyze the factors and their structural influence on acceptance of social network games. We add a couple of factors such as Social interaction, Mobility, Subjective Norm, and Flow reg arding the characteristics of social network games and analyze the structural relationships among these factors using Structural Equation Modeling. Analysis results and implications are suggested with concluding remarks.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.2333-2336
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• 2013

Background: The aim of this paper was to present the incidence rates of leukemia and multiple myeloma (MM) in Golestan province located in northeastern Iran during 2004-2009. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data on newly diagnosed (incident) leukemia and MM cases were obtained from collected from Golestan population-based cancer registry. Data was entered into CanReg-4 software. Age standardized incidence rates (ASR) (per 100000 person-years) for leukemia and MM were calculated. Data on Golestan population was obtained from the data of Iranian national census in 2006. Results: Totally, 11036 new cancer cases were registered in GPRC from 2004-2009. Leukemia and MM accounted for 693 and 124 of cases, respectively. The mean age in patients with leukemia and MM was 43.8 and 62.4 years, respectively. The ASRs for leukemia among men and women were 10.4 and 7.8, respectively (p<0.001). The ASRs for MM were 2.1 and 2 in men and women, respectively (p=0.93). The rate of leukemia was significantly higher in rural areas (p=0.02) whereas the incidence of MM was higher in urban areas (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our results showed a high incidence rate of leukemia in Golestan province of Iran. The incidence of leukemia was significantly higher in males and residents of rural areas. High exposure to pesticides and other agricultural related products may be a possible explanation for epidemiological pattern of leukemia in this area. Determining and controlling important risk factors, especially environmental factors, of leukemia may lead to decrease in its burden in Golestan province of Iran.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.61-71
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• 2007

The Lifelong Learning City Project whose aim is to encourage regional innovation and development by the Ministry of Education & HRD. As of in 2006, there are 57 Lifelong Learning Cities which are providing its citizens with various lifelong learning programs since the project got started in 2001. The Lifelong Learning City Project has been increasing across the nation since it has been regarded as a key strategy for the sustainable reg ional development. Accordingly, there has been a lot of discussion on how to develop the project qualitatively as well as quantitatively. In this context, this study aims to draw policy implications of the Cyber Network System for the lifelong learning cities. With this context, this paper suggests to set up the Cyber Network System as the developmental strategy of learning cities and intends to search how to structure the Cyber network System. For this purpose, we survey the learners' needs and suggest the directions for the further Cyber network System of the Learning Cities.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1998

A diffusion model of radioactive liquid effluents is developed and applied for YGN NPP's site, based on the Gaussian plume type model. Due to the complexity of oceanic diffusion characteristics of YGN site, a simple and reliable statistical model based on Reg. Guide 1.113 is developed. Also, a computer code package to calculate dilution factors as a function of plant operation conditions and pathway of radioactive materials. A liquid effluents diffusion model is developed by dividing the diffusion range into two categories, i. e, a near field mixing region and a far field mixing region. In the near field, the initial mixing is affected by a buoyance force, a high initial turbulence and momentum which is characterized by a plant operation condition and environmental conditions. The far field mixing is similar to gaseous effluents diffusion. So, beyond the near field region, wellknown Gaussian plume model was adopted. A different area averages of Gaussian plume equation was taken for each radioactive exposure pathway. As a result, we can get different dilution factors for different pathways. Results shows that present dilution factors used for YGN ODCM is too much overestimated compared with dilution factors calculated with the developed model.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1709-1710
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• 2012

Cancer is a major public health problem in Indonesia, becoming the 7th largest cause of death based on a national survey in 2007, accounting for 5.7 of all mortality. A cancer registry was started in 1970, but it was partial and was stopped mainly because no government body was responsible. Realizing the above situation, the Indonesian government established the Sub Directorate of Cancer Control within the Ministry of Health, with responsibility for developing a national cancer control program, including a cancer registry. A sustainable cancer registry was then started in 2007 within Jakarta Province, first hospital-based but then expanded to be population-based. Steps of cancer registration in Jakarta are data collection, data verification, data validation, data management and analysis, and data publication. Data collection is conducted by health facilities (hospitals, laboratories, primary health centers) at the district/municipal level, with reports to the provincial level. Data are collected passively by holding meetings every three months in the district/municipality. Verification of data is the responsibility of the medical doctor or pathologist in each data source. Data validation is conducted by a team in the cancer registry, consisting of district/municipal/province health officers, pathologists, and registrars. Data management and analyses are conducted by a cancer registry team at the provincial level, assisted by the national team. We use software named Indonesian Cancer Registry System (SRIKANDI) which is adopted from CanReg4 IARC. Data from the population-based cancer registry in Jakarta Province showed the leading cancers among females in 2005-2007 to be breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer and among males are bronchus and lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pharyngeal cancer, and prostate cancer. The leading childhood cancers are leukaemia and retinoblastoma.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.199-225
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• 2001

The main goal of this paper is to investigate and compare English, German and Korean non-head-bound-intensifiers such as English ‘x-self’, German ‘selbst’, and Korean ‘susulo, casin’. That is, this paper is mainly concerned with the semantic domain where the respective contributions of the expressions in question overlap. The phenomenon under discussion with the label “intensifiers” is regarded as universal, which provides the ground of the comparative/contrastive or semi-cross-linguistic study of this paper. Not only the semantic concept of intensification by these expressions but also the combination of grammatical features or syntactic behaviours thereof seem to have highly invariant common denominators among the wide varieties of languages, even if they come from apparently different language families. In comparing English, German and Korean intensifiers, this paper is interested in the more general features of the expressions in question rather than some language-specific idiocyncracies. Intensifiers work similarly not only in English and German, but also in Korean. Each of three languages under investigation provides some sort of a safegard against confusing instances and misleading judgements on the issues under discussion. Morphologically, however, English expressions in question agree with their rele-vant NP in number, gender and person. Whereas German and Korean counterparts do not have such specific morphological properties. Intensifiers in their non-head-bound-use are subject-oriented, just as in their head-bound use. Non-head-bound-intensifiers differ from head-bound-intensifiers mostly in their syntactic behaviours or distributional properties, whereas they share the semantic domain “intensification” regarding relevant subject-NP. They introduce an ordering and distinguish center and periphery, and ‘self-involvement (directness of involvement)’seems a additional possible characterisation of the relevant dimension of these intensifiers in common. An assertion of identity also can be reg

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.15-27
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• 2016

This study examined intergenerational contact and financial support exchange between parents and each of their non-coresident married children. Prior qualitative work has suggested that increased contact between parents and their married daughters may indicate a decline in patrilineal norms in contemporary Korean families. Using a nationally representative sample, this study investigated if married daughters engage in similar levels of intergenerational contact and financial support exchange with their parents in contrast to their married brothers (first-born sons in particular). The data were drawn from the first wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA, 2006). For analyses, individuals who had at least one non-coresident married child were selected, resulting in the analytic sample of 3,950 parents with 10,947 non-coresident married children. Both regression with robust standard errors and sibling fixed effects regression models were estimated using the reg and xtreg procedures in STATA. Residential proximity and sociodemographic characteristics of both parents and children were controlled in analyses. Findings suggest that, overall, parents report more frequent face-to-face contact with and financial support from their first-born sons in comparison to other sons and daughters. Daughters, on the other hand, were found to engage in more frequent contact via phone call, mail, or email with their parents. In conclusion, we did not find a strong evidence to support the contention that patrilineal norms have softened in contemporary Korean families to the extent that has been suggested in qualitative studies.