• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1191-1191
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• 2001

Generation of precise, accurate, and robust calibration models for spectroscopic methods of analysis can be time-consuming, expensive, and sometimes difficult to achieve. For these reasons, efforts have been made to find ways in which the calibration from one instrument can be moved to another with minimal performance reduction. A slight shift in nomenclature from the common term calibration transfer to the term calibration transport is used here to help resolve the subtle difference between two means of moving a calibration from one instrument to another. The former term denotes a transfer procedure that includes mathematical manipulation of the calibration data via some determined transfer function, whereas the latter term does not. Todays generation of process and laboratory FTNIR analyzers is capable of not only achieving calibration transfer, but also calibration transport often without the need of slope or bias adjustments. Several studies are used to examine the boundaries of the extent to which calibration transport is achieved in the refining industry. Data collected on multiple on-line and laboratory FTNIR analyzers located in multiple countries are considered, and the ultimate limitations discussed.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2013

A laboratory study was carried out to recover KI crystals with high purity by using fractional crystallization method from a waste solution generated from the production of polarizing film for LCD industry. The waste solution contains 1.3% KI, and other impurities such as B, Na, and PVA etc. With purity higher than 99.5% KI crystals were produced through refining process such as vacuum evaporation, fractional crystallization, filtering, and 24hr aging. Also the concentrated impurities were eliminated about 70% by recrystallization.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.63-69
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• 2016

The properties of composite materials, when compared to those of metallic materials, are highly variable due to many factors including the batch-to-batch variability of raw materials, the prepreg manufacturing process, material handling, part-fabrication techniques, ply-stacking sequences, environmental conditions, and test procedures. It is therefore necessary to apply reliable statistical-analysis techniques to obtain the design allowables of composite materials. A new composite-material qualification process has been developed by the Advanced General Aviation Transport Experiments (AGATE) consortium to yield the lamina-design allowables of composite materials according to standardized coupon-level tests and statistical techniques; moreover, the generated allowables database can be shared among multiple users without a repeating of the full qualification procedure by each user. In 2005, NASA established the National Center for Advanced Materials Performance (NCAMP) with the purpose of refining and enhancing the AGATE process to a self-sustaining level to serve the entire aerospace industry. In this paper, the statistical techniques and procedures for the generation of the allowables of aerospace composite materials will be discussed with a focus on the pooling-across-environments method.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.373-386
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to develop a model for efficient service R&D investment in government budgeting process. It is necessary to develop an efficient and effective investment model to improve competitiveness of the service industry and national economy. Various existing types of service R&D classification have been reviewed. And object-oriented service R&D request classification types have been derived. A tentative model for evaluating service R&D requests have been developed through extensive discussions on effective methodologies. The model has been refined and revised by four service budgeting experts. The revised and refined checklists and guidelines have been used for 40 real service R&D requests evaluations. As a result, a full model for service R&D evaluation and budgeting has been proved to be useful. Also, a need for more efficient and concise evaluation model has been raised through this evaluation process. A brief model with only 10 checklists has been developed and its usefulness has been proven by pilot test with 10 real service R&D requests. The results of this study can be used for evaluation of service R&D proposals and effective budgeting of R&D requests for improving global competitiveness. Further research is needed for refining the developed evaluation models.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.68-71
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• 2014

Petroleum refining unavoidably generates large volumes of oily wastewater. The environmentally acceptable disposal of oily wastewater is a current challenge to the petroleum industry. Nowadays, more attentions have been focused on the treatment techniques of oily wastewater. Oily wastewater contained highly concentrated and toxic organic compounds. Wet peroxide oxidation (WPO) and catalytic wet oxidation (CWO) were applied to eliminate pollutants to examine the feasibility of the WPO/CWO of oily wastewater. The results indicated that more than 80% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from oily wastewater was achieved with CWO. Homogenous catalyst, $NaHCO_3$ and $Na_2CO_3$ and NaOH showed effective removal for pollutants in oily wastewater. Greater than 90% COD removal was achieved with WPO. It was concluded that WPO was a far more effective process for oily wastewater.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2019

Upcycling generally refers to the conversion of waste materials to something useful or valuable and is a useful concept that can be applied not only to the waste design industry but also to waste recycling and resource circulation. Our study highlights upcycling as the key concept for improving the value of waste by redefining the concept as "the recycling of waste materials and discarded products in ways that enhance their value." Four upcycling strategies are linked to material flow analyses conducted on waste electronic and electrical equipment, specifically waste refrigerators and waste computers, to examine the technologies available for implementation and suggest guidelines for the promotion of upcycling. The amount of waste refrigerators collected by the formal sector was 121,642 tons/y and the informal sector, 63,823 tons/y. The current recycling ratio of waste refrigerators was estimated as 88.53%. A total of 7,585 tons/y of waste computers were collected by the formal sector and 3,807 tons/y by the informal sector after discharge. Meanwhile, the current recycling ratio of waste computers was estimated as 77.43%. We found that it is possible to introduce 28 upcycling technologies in the case of refrigerators, and 15 technologies are available to promote upcycling in the case of computers. By refining the broad concept of upcycling and looking at the stages of material flow, our approach presents universally applicable directions for incorporating upcycling in resource recovery and recirculation plans.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.37-52
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• 2018

With the increasing severity of the shortage of highly-skilled IT personnel, more and more attention is being paid to the professional career path and systematic career management of IT employees. Although some studies have been conducted to describe the current status of IT personnel, limited attempts have been made to analyze the career paths or career patterns of IT professionals from a longitudinal perspective. In this context, this study explored the job career patterns of IT professionals in Korea and examined their relationship with subjective and objective career success. To identify job career patterns over time, detailed information about jobs and positions were used and an optimal matching analysis (OMA) was conducted to calculate the dissimilarity matrix between employees' career sequences, while a cluster analysis was used to categorize the meaningful groups based on this dissimilarity data. This analysis revealed that career patterns among Korean IT personnel are more varied than previously thought. These career types have a significant relationship with individual profiles, such as age, education, industry and company size, and account for significant variations in the three main career success variables, i.e. quality of life, assessment of software quality, and wage level. It is expected that the findings of this study will contribute to refining the Korean career path so as to retain IT personnel, and raise the need to improve the low quality of life and poor SW work environment of IT personnel.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.5-14
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aims to clarify the behavioral extraction and ability of venture merchants, who actively challenge commerce in the face of harsh living environments. Research design, data and methodology: Adopting the concept of retail functions and retail skills, this study examines how venture merchants perform retail functions, and identifies the required retail skills. This study analyzed primary data obtained through an interview with a bookstore called Lunuganga. Results: The venture merchant purchases products based on his self-assertion and creates an original "store identification." Moreover, he draws a changing "own-store customers image" and acquires "own-store customers," that is, customers acquired by him by building an original store identity. He sells products to "own-store customers" who identify with the store. The retail skills identified as required by venture merchants to carry out such retail functions were "skill to draw a store identification" and "skill to draw own-store customer image." Conclusions: Venture merchants' unique retail functions and retail skills suggest a new basis for the existence of small and medium-sized retailers. It is necessary to build a generalized theoretical hypothesis model by refining the concept presented in this paper by repeating research targeting venture merchants in the same industry and different industries.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.65-81
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• 2020

Under New Climate Regime, countries are trying to enhance environmental regulations to meet international standards. This study is designed to examine the relationship between the relative level of environmental regulation of the importing countries and the export performance at the industrial level. Panel data from 2009 to 2018 was established for 12 top export industries and empirical analysis was conducted. For the analysis method, panel OLS, Hausman-Taylor, and panel GLS were used based on the results of the Hausman verification. The dependent variable is the export performance of each industry. As the independent variables, the relative level of environmental regulation, GDP per capita of the importing country, exchange rate, FTA agreement, and physical distance from the importing country were used. Results show that the relative level of environmental regulation has a negative effect on export performance of semiconductors, displays, special machines, general machines, electric appliances, and home appliances. On the other hand, there are no relationship between the relative level of environmental regulation of the importing country and export performance of automobile, petroleum refining, petrochemical, shipbuilding, and communication equipment industries.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.203-203
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• 2001

패선/구부림 가공은 후가공의 일부분으로서. 박스가공 시 종이에 패션치기와 구부림 공정이 들어가게 되며 이때 종이표면이 약할 경우 금이가는 현상이 발생한다. 본 연구 는 이러한 가공과 다층판지의 물성이 패선/구부림 적성에 영향을 미치는가에 대한 연 구로서 2000년도 추계논문발표시 종이 물성 중 패션/구부림 가공에 영향을 주는 것으 로 표면층의 층간결합력과 내절도 그리고 인장강도가 중요한 변수로 작용하는 결과를 얻었으며 이후 이들 영향인자 중 핵심영향인자의 도출을 위하여 침엽수를 배합하지 않 은 상태에서 상질고지 재생펄프를 고해 처리하여 특성을 향상시켜 실제 공정에서 실험 하였다. 1차 실험은 공정실험 전 예비 실험으로서 재생펄프를 공장 refiner를 사용하여 고해 처리하여 강도향상 효과를 분석하였다. 분석결과 인장강도는 증가하나 내절도 향상은 기대에 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 1차 공정실험 조건을 부착량을 향상 시켜 인장강도를 침엽수 펄프 배합수준으로 끌어올리는 방법을 선택하였으며 그 결과 패선/구부림 적성이 기존대비 양호한 결과를 얻었다. 즉 인장강도 향상으로 침엽수 펄 프를 대체할 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다. 2차 실험은 부착량 대선 refiner를 사용하여 상 질고지 재생펄프를 고해 처리하여 인장강도를 향상시켜 생산하였다. 실험결과 인장강도 가 침엽수펄프 배합 시 대비 동등이상 수준에 있을 경우 패션/구부린 가공 시 금이가 는 터짐문제는 발생하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 3차 실험은 두 차례 동안 실시된 공정 실험을 기준으로 refining 처리와 부착량 기준을 설정하고 장시간 생산하여 그 특성을 측정하였다. 실험결과 표면층의 인장강도가 낮아질 때 패선/구부림 적성이 약해지는 경 향을 보였으며 인장강도가 기존 침엽수펄프 배합대비 동등이상일 경우 패선/구부림 가 공적성이 양호하게 나타났으며 실제 가공업체에서도 터짐 문제가 발견되지 않았다. 결론적으로 표면층의 인장강도가 패션/구부림에 가장 중요한 변수로 작용하며 어떠 한 형태로 표면층의 인장강도를 향상시킬 경우 침엽수 펄프는 재생펄프로 대체가 가능 할 것으로 판단된다.