• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.81-97
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• 2024

The study investigated computer literacy skills as a determinant of electronic reference sources utilization among selected secondary school students in Ado-Odo Ota Local Government, Ogun State, Nigeria. Four specific objectives with conforming research questions guided the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprises of SSS3 students of the three selected Community Secondary Schools in Ado Odo Ota. A sample size of 150 was used for the study. The instrument for data collection was a self-developed structured questionnaire. Data collected was analyzed using frequency and percentages. Findings of the study revealed that majority of secondary school students were not aware of the availability of electronic reference sources. It also revealed that the level of their computer literacy skills was below average. Majority of them have never used computer before and the few of them that have used computer before used it in their homes, their friend's homes or in the cyber café. It was found that lack of formal training on the use of electronic reference sources, lack of access to computer, lack of awareness of availability of electronic reference sources, lack of funds for internet subscriptions, over dependency on printed reference sources and lack of motivation to use electronic reference sources were the major hindrances to the use of electronic reference sources among secondary school students. It was recommended that the school librarians and teachers should play a role in creating awareness among secondary school students about the availability of online/ electronic reference sources among others.

• 정보관리연구
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.21-36
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• 2007

본 연구는 국내 대학도서관의 온라인 참고서가 구축현황과 참고서가 접근을 위한 접근점 및 온라인 참고정보원의 유형을 분석해 보고자 하였다.서울.경기지역 소재41개 대학도서관을 조사대상으로 홈페이지의 직접 접속을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 41개 관 중 30개 관에 참고서가가 구축되어 있었으며, 참고정보원에 접근하기 위한 홈페이지상의 메뉴로는 "이용자서비스", "전자정보원", "참고정보원"의 순이었다. 제공되고 있는 참고정보원의 유형은 도서관별로 다양하였으며, "명부/명감", "사전", "통계", "백과사전"의 순으로 밝혀졌다. 국내 대학도서관의 온라인 참고서가 구축 및 활성화를 위하여 선정을 위한 평가기준의 설정 및 적용, 접근의 용이성, 주제별 접근방법, 참고정보원의 계속적인 갱신 및 추가 등을 제언하였다.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.77-86
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• 1999

This study was designed to identify the information sources of reference used by male college students. Theoretical framework is based upon social comparison theory, reference group theory, and Kotler's model of personal and non-personal sources of reference. The subjects were 287 male college students. The questionnaire were distributed to the school area and the commercial area such as Shinchon, Myung-Dong, and Apkujung-Dong in Seoul. Means, standard deviation, frequency, T-test, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple range test were applied for the analyses of data. The result of hyporthesis 1 showed that male college student utilize personal and non-personal sources of reference indiscriminately. The result of hypothesis 2 showed that male college students consult the socially high-proximal group such as a girl friend(a lover) and mother most actively. The result of hypothesis 3 found that male college students use position media most actively, especially in-store displays, followed by print media and broadcast media.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2004

참조 신호를 이용한 어레이 형상추정 기법은 일반적으로 참조 신호가 어레이로부터 충분히 먼 원거리에 위치한다고 가정하고 있다. 그러나 실제 해양 환경에서 어레이를 운용하는 경우 참조 신호와 어레이 사이의 거리는 충분히 떨어져 있지 않아 원거리 신호 모델을 바탕으로 한 기존의 기법들은 하이드로폰의 좌표 추정 시 많은 오차가 발생하게 된다 본 논문에서는 근거리 신호모델을 이용한 부공간 근사기반의 어레이 형상추정 기법을 제안하였다. 제안된 기법에서는 기준하이드로폰에 대한 시간 지연 성분을 이용하여 근거리 참조 신호를 모델링하고, 어레이 형상 추정을 위한 근거리 파라미터를 구한다. 근거리 파라미터를 이용하여 기존의 원거리 형상 추정 기법을 일반화함으로써 참조 신호의 거리에 관계없이 하이드로폰의 좌표 추정이 가능한 기법을 제안하였다. 그리고 제안된 기법의 Cramer-Rao Lower Bound를 유도하였다. 모의실험 결과 참조 신호의 거리에 관계없이 제안된 기법이 기존의 기법에 비해 보다 정확하게 하이드로폰의 좌표를 추정할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제28권
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• pp.93-135
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of programmed instruction versus lecture and discussion method on the knowledge of basic reference sources among undergraduate library and information science students. The hypotheses of the study were: 1. Programmed instruction will be more effective than the lecture/discussion method with regard to academic achievement. 2. There will be a significant difference in learning time between the experimental and the control groups. Seventy-eight library and information science students were participated m the study from the two universities in Chungchong Province. A programmed instruction manual, including 4-types of reference sources-dictionary, encyclopaedia, bibliography, indexes and abstracts, 40-item multiple choice post-test, and a questionnaire for the students' attitude toward programmed instruction were developed specifically for this research. The post-test only control-group design was selected for this experimental study. Students were given instruction on the specific reference titles in dictionary, encyclopedia, bibliography, indexes and abstracts. The control group was instructed by the lecture and discussion method while the experimental group completed a programmed instruction manual by themselves. Both the control and the experimental group were tested right after the instruction of 4-types of reference sources. In addition, a questionnaire asking students' attitude toward programmed instruction was administered to the experimental group. The findings from this study are summarized as follows: 1. The results showed that there were no significant difference in the mean of the post test score between the two groups. Therefore, programmed instruction is viable as an alternative method of instruction in the teaching of reference sources. 2. There was a significant difference in the mean of time spending for the leaning of bibliography, indexes and abstracts between the two groups. Accordingly, programmed instruction proved to be more efficient than the conventional lecture/discussion method in terms of learning time. 3. Students showed positive response to programmed instruction and evaluated it very interesting and challenging. In conclusion, the programmed instruction method was just as effective as the lecture/discussion method in the teaching of reference sources. And students' attitude toward the programmed instruction was favorable enough to secure a continued use of this method for the teaching of reference sources.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.27-41
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• 2023

The outbreak of the corona virus diseases (COVID-19) in the late 2019 has affected all facets of educational system including library and information services. Reference services, an important aspect of library services are not exempted from this impact. This study therefore, investigated the impact of COVI\D-19 pandemic on the use of reference services and sources by postgraduate students using Kenneth Dike Library (KDL), University of Ibadan, as a case study. Using descriptive survey of correlational type, the study adopted the use of structured questionnaire to randomly select three hundred (300) postgraduate users of reference sources and services in KDL using online survey monkey. Of the three hundred (300) copies, two hundred and twenty three (223) copies, repre- senting 74.3% were retrieved and used for analysis. Findings revealed that, in spite of COVID-19 pandemic, most postgraduate students used Current Awareness Services (203, 91.0%, mean = 3.19), Reference Sources (202, 90.5%, mean = 3.18) and On-line Public Access Catalogue (195, 87.4%, mean = 3.13); low frequency of bibliotherapy (mean=2.22), Reader's Advisory services (mean=2.30) and inter-library loan (mean=2.13) and that COVID-19 pandemic had high impact on post- graduate students' use of reference services in Kenneth Dike Library, University of Ibadan. Based on the findings, recommendations were made that library management should consider the adoption of virtual reference services (VRS) in addition to the conventional mode of refer- ence services to enhance patronage in the COVID-19 era. The library users should also be trained on how to take advantage of the COVID-19 pandemic to learn new skills in the digital space that will eventually optimize the usage of the library remotely.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.351-370
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• 1999

This paper aims to study on bibliographic reference forms, especially focused on the forms of korean sources. Although bibliographic reference is one of the critical elements in academic works, it seems every work has it's own forms in Korea. The fact that the bibliographic reference forms in korean works are made up by option causes the present state of diversity which makes difficulty in bibliographic control. The results of this search into internal academic journals show the diversity in the entry of title and significant gap of bibliographic reference forms among disciplines.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2008

소나 시스템에서 참조 신호를 이용하여 어레이 형상을 추정하는 경우, 참조 신호는 어레이와 충분히 떨어져 있지 않기 때문에 근거리 신호 모델링이 필요하다. 근거리 신호 모델링을 기반으로 하는 어레이 형상 추정 기법은 일반적으로 수신된 참조 신호의 공간 공분산 행렬을 이용한다. 이러한 기법 중 1개의 참조 신호만을 이용하여 공간 공분산 행렬의 고유치 분해 후 최대 고유치에 해당하는 고유 벡터를 참조 신호의 조향 벡터로 구성하여 어레이 형상을 추정하는 근거리 고유벡터 기법이 있다. 본 논문에서는 1개 이상의 참조 신호를 이용하여 공간 공분산 행렬로부터 구한 잡음 부공간과 신호 부공간이 서로 직교한다는 특성을 이용하여 Newton-type 반복 기법으로 센서 위치를 추정해 나가는 간략화된 부공간 근사 기법을 제안한다. 또한 근거리 고유 벡터 기법과 간략화된 부공간 근사 기법의 성능을 다양한 환경에서 분석해 본다. 모의 실험 결과 한 개의 참조 신호를 이용하는 경우에 근거리 고유 벡터 기법과 간략화된 부공간 근사 기법이 거의 동일한 성능을 보임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 근거리 고유 벡터 기법이 참조 신호를 2개 이상 사용할 수 없는데 반해 간략화된 부공간 근사 기법은 두 개의 참조 신호를 이용함으로써 참조 신호의 입사 방향에 관계없이 안정적인 형상 추정 결과를 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제19권3E호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2000

This study investigated whether the adjacency principle. demonstrated in a perceived visual space, can be applied to auditory space. In order to demonstrate an auditory adjacency principle, multiple sound sources were varied in direction and distance in an acoustically absorbant space. Specifically, a NEAR sound source was located 10° to the left of the listener's midline at a distance of 2 meters; a FAR sound source was located 10° to the right at a distance of 5 meters. These sources served as perceptual reference points with respect to the localization of three test sounds, all at a distance of 3 meters. Two of three test sounds were directionally closer to the NEAR and FAR reference sounds, respectively. The other was between the reference sources directionally. The listener was asked to judge the perceived distances and the loudness of the three test sounds and the two reference sounds. The results indicated that the apparent distances of the test sounds were most determined by the disparity of distance between each test sound and the reference sound most directionally adjacent to it. Therefore, the findings offer evidence that the adjacency principle can be applied to the auditory space.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제26권5_6호
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• pp.1149-1159
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• 2008

Blind source extraction (BSE) is a special class of blind source separation (BSS) methods, which only extracts one or a subset of the sources at a time. Based on the time delay of the desired signal, a simple but important extraction algorithm (simplified " BC algorithm")was presented by Barros and Cichocki. However, the performance of this method is not satisfying in some cases for which it only carries out the constrained minimization of the mean squared error. To overcome these drawbacks, ICA with reference (ICA-R) based approach, which considers the higher-order statistics of sources, is added as the second stage for further source extraction. Specifically, BC algorithm is exploited to roughly extract the desired signal. Then the extracted signal in the first stage, as the reference signal of ICA-R method, is further used to extract the desired sources as cleanly as possible. Simulations on synthetic data and real-world data show its validity and usefulness.