• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.35-59
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• 2009

The study of Information Systems(IS) is a relatively new discipline area, thus an analysis of the latest research literature could be useful to identify what the researchers are doing and what can be done to improve our discipline. With that purpose in mind, this study analyzes the total 208 articles published in "The Journal of Information Systems~ between 2001 and 2008. The classification system that comprises three key characteristics of diversity (research topic, research method, and reference discipline) was developed based on a review of prior literature. The results of this study were also compared with Kim et al.(2005)'s and Vessey et al.(2002)'s results to identify issues in current Information Systems research and 10 suggest some recommendations for future In formation Systems research. The findings identify popular research topic:s, the dominant research method, and reference discipline. The popular research topics consists of organizational concepts, problem domain-specific concepts, and systems/software management concepts. Field study was characterized as the dominant research method in the papers included in the study. Information Systems itself represents the major theoretical reference of the studies. However, many papers in this study relied on a number of reference disciplines., none of which was dominant, or they did not rely on a specific reference discipline. Finally, this study suggests more research on the disciplinary issues, more training on the research method, more accurate and specific reference discipline, and controlled diversity.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.129-138
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• 2019

In this work, we propose detection method for ionosphere storm that occurs locally using widespread GNSS reference stations. For ionosphere storm detection, we compare ionosphere condition with other reference stations and estimate direction of movement based on ionosphere time variation. The method use carrier phase measurement of dual frequency, for accuracy and precision of test statistics, are evaluated with multiple GNSS reference stations data.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.32.1-32.11
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• 2022

Background: Classical swine fever (CSF) is a severe infectious disease of pigs that causes significant economic losses to the swine industry. Objectives: This study developed a solid-phase blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (spbELISA) method for the specific detection of antibodies against the CSF virus (CSFV) in porcine serum samples. Methods: A spbELISA method was developed based on the recombinant E2 expressed in Escherichia coli. The specificity of this established spbELISA method was evaluated using reference serum samples positive for antibodies against other common infectious diseases. The stability and sensitivity were evaluated using an accelerated thermostability test. Results: The spbELISA successfully detected the antibody levels in swine vaccinated with the C-strain of CSFV. In addition, the detection ability of spbELISA for CSFV antibodies was compared with that of other commercial ELISA kits and validated using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. The results suggested that the spbELISA provides an alternative, stable, and rapid serological detection method suitable for the large-scale screening of CSFV serum antibodies. Conclusions: The spbELISA has practical applications in assessing the vaccination status of large pig herds.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the deviation of landmarks from horizontal or midsagittal reference planes according to the methods of establishing reference planes. Materials and Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans of 18 patients who received orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment were reviewed. Each CT scan was reconstructed by three methods for establishing three orthogonal reference planes (namely, the horizontal, midsagittal, and coronal reference planes). The horizontal (bilateral porions and bilateral orbitales) and midsagittal (crista galli, nasion, prechiasmatic point, opisthion, and anterior nasal spine) landmarks were identified on each CT scan. Vertical deviation of the horizontal landmarks and horizontal deviation of the midsagittal landmarks were measured. Results: The porion and orbitale, which were not involved in establishing the horizontal reference plane, were found to deviate vertically from the horizontal reference plane in the three methods. The midsagittal landmarks, which were not used for the midsagittal reference plane, deviated horizontally from the midsagittal reference plane in the three methods. Conclusion: In a three-dimensional facial analysis, the vertical and horizontal deviations of the landmarks from the horizontal and midsagittal reference planes could vary depending on the methods of establishing reference planes.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.23-38
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• 1999

This study addresses the reference spent fuel and its characteristics for developing a geological repository concept. As a disposal capacity of the reference repository system to be developed, spent fuel inventories were projected based on the basis of the Nuclear Energy Plan of the Long-term National Power Program. The reference spent fuel encompassing a variability in characteristics of all existing and future spent fuels of interest was defined. Key parameters in the reference fuel screening processes were the nuclear and mechanical design parameters and the burnup histories for existing spent fuels as of 1996 and for future spent fuels with the more extended burnup the initial enrichment and its expected turnup. The selected reference fuel was characterized in terms of initial enrichment, bumup, dimension, gross weight and age. Also the isotopic composition and the radiological properties are quantitatively identified. This information provided in this study could be used as input for repository system development and performance assessment and applied in fuel material balance evaluation for the various types of back-end fuel cycle studies.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.309-310
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a novel D-ATR (Differential-Average Transmitted Reference) scheme for UWB (Ultra Wide Band) based on impulse radio. The proposed scheme utilizing differential coding at transceiver, does not cause half loss of data rate unlike the conventional TR (Transmitted Reference) and ATR (Average TR) systems which transmit additional reference signals. In addition, the proposed scheme may provide improved BER (Bit Error Rate) performance by averaging the received reference signals like the conventional ATR. The proposed D-ATR receiver produces the averaged reference template by considering both the detected data bit and the differential coding rule.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• v.34
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• pp.14.1-14.14
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• 2022

Background: Although spirometry results can be interpreted differently depending on the reference equation used, there are no established criteria for selecting reference equations as part of the special health examinations for Korean workers. Thus, it is essential to examine the current use of reference equations in Korea, quantify their impact on result interpretation, and propose reference equations suitable for Korean workers, while also considering the environmental conditions of special health examination facilities. Methods: The 213,640 results from the special health examination database were analyzed to identify changes in the ratio of measured values to reference values of lung capacity in Korean workers with changes in age or height, and changes in the agreement of interpretations with the reference equation used. Data from 238 organizations that participated in the 2018-2019 quality control assessment by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency were used to identify the spirometer model and reference equations used in each special health examination facility. Results: Korean special health examination facilities used six reference equations, and the rate of normal or abnormal ventilatory diagnoses varied with the reference equation used. The prediction curve of the Global Lung Function Initiative 2012-Northeast Asian (GLI2012) equation most resembled that of the normal group, but the spirometry model most commonly used by examination facilities was not compliant with the GLI2012 equation. With a scaling factor of 0.95 applied to the Dr. Choi equation, the agreement with the GLI2012 equation was > 0.81 for men and women. Conclusions: We propose the GLI2012 equation as reference equation for spirometry in Korean workers. The GLI2012 equation exhibited the most suitable prediction curve against the normal lung function group. For devices that cannot use the GLI2012 equation, we recommend applying a scaling factor of 0.95 to the Dr. Choi equation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.25.3-25.3
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• 2010

Our previous study used a bar-type reference mirror to measure the relative distance to the target surface. The target measurement accuracy was required to $1{\mu}m$ PV for aspheric optical surface up to 1m in diameter. Earlier system suffers from the reference surface deformation when the measuring part moves. In order to reduce the deformation, measuring part and the reference part separated from each order in the new design. This system utilizes a kinematic support assembly using invar flexure to minimize the reference surface deformation under gravity and vibration. The surface deformation requirement of reference mirror is defined as of $0.2{\mu}m$ under gravity and 40Hz vibration. The finite element results, shows reference mirror deformation of $0.164{\mu}m$. The first resonance mode was computed to analysis 46.05Hz for reference part and 43.44Hz for measuring part. Thesis satisfies the frequency requirement.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 2000

Hantaviruses are etiologic agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the world. Various hantaviruses were isolated from HFRS patients and several different rodent species in the world. Four hantavirus isolates from Indonesia and three isolates from Thailand among 89 Bandicotas captured in Yogyakarta, east region of Sumatra island, Indonesia and at Chiang Mai in Thailand during 1996 were made through several passages in Vero E6 cells. Viral genome M segment from two Indonesian isolates and three Thailand isolates were amplified using hantavirus generic primers of the M segment and cloned into pCRII vector. The genetic differences were analyzed by comparison of partial sequence of the M segment and antigenic differences were made by IFA. Nucleotide sequence homology of two isolates BC 8, BC 34 from Indonesia and two isolates thai 1322, thai 1330 to Seoul virus was 99% and 96%, respectively, but Thai 1164 was 80%Thai 1164 strain has shown 95% homology to Thai 749 virus. In conclusion it is indicated that two different serotype hantaviruses, Seoul and Thailand, are cocirculating among Bandicota in Thailand, in contrast Seoul serotype virus is circulating in Indonesia.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.131-149
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• 2003

Scientific/technical data whose reliability is authorized have to include physical/chemical constants, authorized property value or authorized scientific statistical values so that the scientists in the same field use them continuously and repeatedly for their research. The data also have to be managed as Standard Reference Data that will be used in other area nationwide by analyzing, evaluating and authorizing the accuracy and reliability of the information with scientific methods. This study suggests a plan for establishing the National Center for Standard Reference Data as well as a necessity for managing the data produced in research process as a national Standard Reference Data. Also, a prototype of research information system for measurement standards is developed and described in detail for research information for measurement standard to be used as a reference data, then a plan to managing national reference data is suggested, in addition.