• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.448-456
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to evaluate suitable anterior reference point similar to esthetic reference plane of the patient while transferring the suitable facebow. So those who live in Pusan with the normal occlusal relationship were chosen as subjects. The esthetic reference planes determined by the participants themselves and the superior reference line (anterior reference point) in Hanau & Denar articulator were compared with F-H plane in the standard lateral cephalogram. The results were as follows. 1. The angle between the esthetic reference plane and F-H plane was $2.81{\pm}5.7^{\circ}$. 2. The reference line, 43mm from Beyron point to the edge of the upper incisor, was the reference plane that had the closest paralleled relationship with the esthetic reference plane. 3. Transferring with ear piece type face-bow, the anterior reference point that showed the esthetic reference plane was 17mm below orbitale or 43mm above, the edge of the upper incisor.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2008년도 학술대회 1부
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• pp.195-199
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• 2008

We present an approach to detect real plane for line base recognition and pose estimation Given 3D line segments, we set up reference plane for each line pair and measure the normal distance from the end point to the reference plane. And then, normal distances are measured between remains of line endpoints and reference plane to decide whether these lines are coplanar with respect to the reference plane. After we conduct this coplanarity test, we initiate visibility test using z-buffer value to prune out ambiguous planes from reference planes. We applied this algorithm to real images, and the results are found useful for evidence fusion and probabilistic verification to assist the line based recognition as well as 3D pose estimation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2013

Objectives: In three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT), the cant is evaluated by measuring the distance between the reference plane (or line) and the tooth. The purpose of this study was to determine the horizontal skeletal reference plane that showed the greatest correlation with clinical evaluation. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 15 patients who closed their eyes during the CT image taking process. The menton points of all patients deviated by more than 3 mm. In the first evaluation, clinical cant was measured. The distance from the inner canthus to the ipsilateral canine tip and the distance from the eyelid to the ipsilateral first molar were obtained. The distance between the left and right sides was also measured. In the second evaluation, skeletal cant was measured. Six reference planes and one line were used for the evaluation of occlusal cant: 1) FH plane R: Or.R - Or.L - Po.R; 2) FH plane L: Or.R - Or.L - Po.L; 3) F. Ovale plane R: Rt.F.Ovale - Lt.F.Ovale - Or.R; 4) F. Ovale plane L: Rt.F.Ovale - Lt.F.Ovale - Or.L; 5) FZS plane R: Rt.FZS - Lt.FZS - Po.R; 6) FZS plane R: Rt.FZS - Lt.FZS - Po.L, and; 7) FZS line: Rt.FZS - Lt.FZS. Results: The clinical and skeletal cants were compared using linear regression analysis. The FH plane R, FH plane L, and FZS line showed the highest correlation (P<0.05). Conclusion: The FH plane R and FH plane L are the most appropriate horizontal reference plane in evaluation of occlusal cant on 3D-CT.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회논문초록집
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• pp.383.2-383
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• 2002

In this paper, an experimental technique using a reference accelerometer has been developed to measure the in-plane vibration intensity of a beam. It has the advantages of shortening measurement time and reducing accelerometer phase error comparing with the cross spectral Intensity measurement technique using an accelerometer array. The distribution of the in-plane vibration Intensity over the beam has been measured. (omitted)

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.241-244
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• 2008

This study focused on the checking of design guideline using concept of reference plane as a promoting tool in order to apply to practical affair in relation to material standardization in housing build. For this purpose, we above all defined the role of reference plane. After establishing structural type can correspond to planning module of building components and coordination condition, we did exemplicated the sub-detail of building components which be to detach according to design method using the concept of reference plane that be complexed with spacial territory and replace cycle of building component or material.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2011

안면비대칭은 안면골의 기형으로 인한 경우가 대부이므로 대개의 경우 수술을 동반한 치료가 이루어지고 있으며 이에 따라 3차원적인 기형인 비대칭을 진단하기 위해서는 안면 구조의 대칭성을 비교 측량하기 위한 시상기준면의 설정이 매우 중요하다. 이 연구의 목적은 이미 사용되고 있는 이러한 골격적 대칭을 비교하기 위한 시상기준면이 안면의 표층에 존재하는 연조직 중심점들과도 일치하는 지를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 총 연구대상은 비대칭군 25명(남 15명, 여 10명), 정상교합군 19명(남 11명, 여 8명)이었다. 실험군과 정상군간의 차이는 단지 Gnathion 부위에서와 Stomion에서만 존재하였으며 3가지 시상중심기준면과의 계측에서 대부분의 연조직 시상기준면은 1mm 내외의 변위를 보였다. 시상중심기준점들과 3가지 시상중심면간의 비교에서 Sa1은 나머지 중심선에 비해 Pronasale에서 변위가 크게 나타났다. 턱(Gnathion)의 변위가 시상중심기준선에서 벗어날수록 크게 영향을 받는 시상중심기준점은 3가지 시상중심기준면 모두에서 stomion 이었다. 3가지 모두의 시상기준면에서 대부분의 연조직의 시상기준점들이 적절한 변위내에 있었으나 Sa1의 경우는 Pronasale의 시상위치에 영향을 줄 수 있었다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.205-207
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• 2001

Purpose : The aim of present study is to estimate the relationship among reference lines used for taking the extraoral radiography and panoramic radiography. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalographs of 40 adults, aged 22 to 30 years were taken. Angles between reference lines (Frankfort line, canthomeatal line, infraorbitomeatal line, and occlusal plane) were measured. Results: Angles between Frankfort line and canthomeatal line, Frankfort line and infraorbitomeatal line, Frankfort line and occlusal plane, canthomeatal line and infraorbitomeatal line, canthomeatal line and occlusal plane, and infraorbitomeatal line and occlusal plane were 16.1° (±2.2), 5.8° (±2.4), 8.7° (±3.5), 10.3° (±1.3), 24.8° (±4.0), and 14.5° (±4.4),respectively. Conclusion: Angle between frankfort and canthomeatal line is very different with commonly known angle. Frankfort horizontal reference lines used for panoramic radiography need an exact definition and more accurate standard is needed for the taking of panoramic radiograph.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.848-851
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• 2002

In this paper, an experimental method using a reference accelerometer has been developed to measure the in-plane vibration intensity of a beam. It has the advantages of reducing accelerometer phase error comparing with the cross spectral intensity measurement technique using an accelerometer array. It needs no measurement of the input force required in the frequency response method using the only one accelerometer This method has been used to measure the in-plane vibration intensity over the beam. The result has been compared with an input power and the vibration intensity obtained with other methods. It showed that the present experimental method can be effectively used to measure the structural in-plane vibration intensity.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the deviation of landmarks from horizontal or midsagittal reference planes according to the methods of establishing reference planes. Materials and Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans of 18 patients who received orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment were reviewed. Each CT scan was reconstructed by three methods for establishing three orthogonal reference planes (namely, the horizontal, midsagittal, and coronal reference planes). The horizontal (bilateral porions and bilateral orbitales) and midsagittal (crista galli, nasion, prechiasmatic point, opisthion, and anterior nasal spine) landmarks were identified on each CT scan. Vertical deviation of the horizontal landmarks and horizontal deviation of the midsagittal landmarks were measured. Results: The porion and orbitale, which were not involved in establishing the horizontal reference plane, were found to deviate vertically from the horizontal reference plane in the three methods. The midsagittal landmarks, which were not used for the midsagittal reference plane, deviated horizontally from the midsagittal reference plane in the three methods. Conclusion: In a three-dimensional facial analysis, the vertical and horizontal deviations of the landmarks from the horizontal and midsagittal reference planes could vary depending on the methods of establishing reference planes.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권12호
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• pp.2311-2317
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• 2011

In this paper, we study the temperature change of a ${\mu}$-bolometer focal plane array with a capacitive transimpedance amplifier bias cancellation circuit. Thermal analysis is essential to understand the performance of a ${\mu}$-bolometer focal plane array, and to improve the temperature stability of a focal plane array characteristics. In this study, the thermal analyses of a ${\mu}$-bolometer and its two reference detectors are carried out as a function of time. The analyses are done with the $30{\mu}m$ pitch $320{\times}240$ focal plane array operating of 60 Hz frame rate and having a columnwise readout. From the results, the temperature increase of a ${\mu}$-bolometer in FPA by an incident IR is estimated as $0.689^{\circ}C$, while the temperature increase by a pulsed bias as $7.1^{\circ}C$, which is about 10 times larger than by IR. The temperature increase of a reference detector by a train of bias pulses may be increased much higher than that of an active ${\mu}$-bolometer. The suppression of temperature increase in a reference bolometer can be done by increasing the thermal conductivity of the reference bolometer, in which the selection of thermal conductivity also determines the range of CTIA output voltage.