• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제10권1_2호
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• pp.37-46
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• 1995

The purpose of this research is to estimate a safe environmental level of human exposure to thresholding-acting toxicants in drinking water and recommend the acceptable levels and management plans for maintaining good quality of drinking water' and protecting health hazard. This research has been funded as a national project for three years from 1992 to 1995. This study(the second year, 1993-1994) was conducted to monitor 39 species of noncarcinogenic chemicals such as volatile organic compounds(VOCs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbens(PAHs), pesticides and heavy metals of drinking water at some area in six cities of Korea, and evaluate health risk due to these chemicals through four main steps (hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response assessment and risk characterization) of risk assessment in drinking water. In hazard identification, 39 species of non-carcinogenic chemicals were identified by the US EPA classification system. In the step of exposure assessment, sampling of tap water from the public water supply system had been conducted from 1993 to 1994, and 39 chemicals were analyzed. Inclose-response assessment for non-carcinogens, reference doses(RfD) and lifetime health advisories(HAs) of lifetime acceptable levels were calculated. In risk characterization of detected chemicals, the hazard quotients of noncarcinogens were less than one except those of manganese and iron in D city.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.657-672
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• 2016

빈번하게 다양한 유형으로 발생하는 해안 침식 현상에 대하여 지속적인 모니터링을 통하여 변화 자료를 축적함으로써 효과적으로 침식 지역을 관리하고 대응 방안을 수립할 수 있다. 경제적으로 정밀한 해안지역 모니터링을 수행하기 위한 수단으로써 저고도 자율 비행이 가능한 드론사진측량 시스템이 제안되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 해안 지역에서 드론 시스템으로부터 취득된 데이터를 처리하여 생성된 정사영상과 수치표고모델(Digital Elevation Model: DEM)을 다양한 기준 데이터와 비교함으로써 정확도를 분석하고자 한다. 비교 검증 방법을 수립하고, 이에 따라 분석된 정확도를 확인함으로써 해안 침식 모니터링에 드론 사진측량의 활용 가능성을 검증하였다. 기준 데이터와 다양한 조건에서 취득된 드론 영상으로부터 생성된 공간정보를 비교한 결과, 수평 및 수직 정확도(RMSE)는 각각 약 2.9 cm와 4.8 cm이었으며, 이는 해안 침식 모니터링의 요구정확도인 5 cm를 거의 만족시키는 수준으로 판단된다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.329-338
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• 2011

The time-series normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) product has proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the phenological information because it can monitor the change of the forests with very high time-resolution, This study described the application of the DFT analysis over the 9 year MODIS data for the identification of the two types of vegetation cover, Pinus densiflora(Pd) and Querqus mongolica(Qm) which are dominant species of evergreen and broadleaved deciduous forest, respectively, The total number of samples was 5148 reference cycles which consist of 2160 Pd and 2988 Qm. They were extracted from the pixel-based MODIS scenes over the 9 years from 2000 to 2008 of South Korea. The DFT analysis was mainly focused on the 0th and $1^{st}$ harmonic components, each of which represents the mean value and the variation amplitude of the NDVI over the years, respectively. The $0^{th}$ harmonic values of the vegetation Pd and Qm averaged over the 9 years were 0.74 and 0.65, respectively. This implies that Pd has a higher NDVI than Qm. Similarly obtained $1^{st}$ harmonic values of Pd and Qm were 0.19 and 0.27, respectively. This can be intuitively understood considering that the seasonal variation of Qm is much larger than Pd. This distinctive difference of the $1^{st}$ harmonic value has been used to identify evergreen and deciduous forests. Overall agreement between the Fourier analysis-based map and the actal vegetation map has been estimated to be as high as 75%. This study found that the DFT analysis can be a concise and repeatable method to separate and trace the changes of evergreen and deciduous forest using the annual NDVI cycles.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.760-770
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• 2012

GBAS 기반의 정밀 접근 서비스를 제공하기 위해서 항행 서비스 제공 주체는 GBAS 시스템의 성능이 국제 표준에 정의된 요구 조건을 만족하는지를 확인하여 사용 승인을 획득하여야 한다. 특히 항공기 안전에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 무결성 성능의 검증을 위해서는 무결성 위협요인 정의와 검출기법 분석 및 구현된 시스템의 검출성능 평가 등의 작업이 시스템 제작자에 의하여 수행되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 GBAS 무결성 위협요인 중 코드 반송파 발산 현상에 대응하기 위하여 KIMS 소프트웨어에 구현된 검출기법들의 검출성능 확인 통계시험 결과를 기술한다. 성능 확인을 위하여 개발된 분석 및 통계시험 절차를 소개하며, 절차에 따른 분석 결과 및 시험 시나리오 제작 방법, 수행된 시험의 결과를 분석하였다. 시험 결과 KIMS 소프트웨어에 구현된 검출기법들은 예측된 최소 검출가능 오차와 같은 크기의 발산이 발생하였을 때, 각 기법에 할당된 고장검출실패율 요구 조건을 만족하며 위협요인을 검출해 낼 수 있는 것을 확인하였다.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2011

지상관제용 텔레메트리 데이터처리시스템(Line-telemetry DPS)은 나로호 발사체의 지상 운용 또는 비행시험 중 상단부에 탑재된 원격측정시스템으로부터 RS-422 인터페이스를 통해 PCM 데이터를 수신하고 데이터처리 후 9개의 TLM(Telemetry) 콘솔을 통해 상단시스템의 상태를 모니터링 하는 시스템이다. Line-telemetry DPS (Data Processing System)는 데이터 취득 및 decommutation을 위한 취득(Acquisition) 서버와 시스템을 관리하는 관리(Management) 서버 그리고 각 탑재 시스템을 모니터링하기 위한 9개의 콘솔로 구성된다. Line-telemetry DPS는 UTC(Universal Time Coordinated) 동기되어 상단부 탑재 원격측정 시스템의 원시(raw) 프레임과 decommutation된 온보드 파라미터를 실시간 검출, 저장, 분배 기능을 수행한다. 본 논문에서는 나로호 상단부의 원격측정시스템에 대한 간략한 소개, 지상 및 비행시험을 위한 Line-telemetry DPS의 기능 및 설계, 비정상 알람 파라미터 설정 정보, 지상/비행시험절차 및 결과에 대해 기술하고자 한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1323-1331
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• 2020

Objective: Three types of dietary fiber were fed to sows during gestation and lactation stages to monitor their physiological and metabolic adaptations during the pre-partum period and to determine how these effects may influence the lactation period and sow performance. Methods: Soon after breeding, 54 sows were selected and were fed with 20% supplementation as fed of wheat bran (WB), soya hulls (SH), or rice hulls (RH) in diets during gestation and lactation. Sows were weighed, backfat thickness was measured ultrasonically and jugular blood samples were collected from all sows. The litter size was equalized to 10, by fostering piglets from sows on the same treatment. Results: Sows gained 22.0, 21.8, and 25.5 kg of net maternal body weight during gestation (for WB, SH, and RH sows, respectively; p = 0.007). There was no treatment effect on the body weight change during lactation (p = 0.158), however RH sows consumed an average of 133.66 kg of feed, WB sows took 121.29 kg and SH sows took 126.77 kg during lactation (p<0.001). The SH litters gained an average of 59.34 kg of weight during lactation, while other litters gained 51.58 and 49.98 kg (for WB and RH litters, respectively; p<0.001). Exception for aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, measured serum biochemical values were broadly in agreement with earlier reports. Despite the use of additional vegetable oil to balance the energy level, RH sows still had lower concentrations of serum triglycerides in late gestation. Conclusion: Different types of fibrous ingredients in the gestation diet influenced most of the investigated reference values for sows. The values of serum biochemical parameters were generally not affected by fiber type during the lactation stage. The SH supplementation for sows is an effective approach to give heavier litters at birth and weaning and to increase voluntary feed intake in early lactation.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.291-309
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• 2020

To study oceanic and meteorological problems related to climate change, Korea has been operating several ocean research stations (ORSs). In 2011, the Gageocho ORS was attacked by Typhoon Muifa, and its structural members and several observation devices were severely damaged. After this event, the Gageocho ORS was rehabilitated with 5 m height to account for 100-yr extreme wave height, and the vibration measurement system was equipped to monitor the structural vibrational characteristics including natural frequencies and modal damping ratios. In this study, a mass reallocation method is presented for structural model updating of the Gageocho ORS based on the experimentally identified natural frequencies. A preliminary finite element (FE) model was constructed based on design drawings, and several of the candidate baseline FE models were manually built, taking into account the different structural conditions such as corroded thickness. Among these candidate baseline FE models, the most reasonable baseline FE model was selected by comparing the differences between the identified and calculated natural frequencies; the most suitable baseline FE model was updated based on the identified modal properties, and by using the pattern search method, which is one of direct search optimization methods. The mass reallocation method is newly proposed as a means to determine the equivalent mass quantities along the height and in a floor. It was found that the natural frequencies calculated based on the updated FE model was very close to the identified natural frequencies. In conclusion, it is expected that these results, which were obtained by updating a baseline FE model, can be useful for establishing the reference database for jacket-type offshore structures, and assessing the structural integrity of the Gageocho ORS.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제12A권6호
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• pp.547-556
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• 2005

지식기반사회에서 새로운 교육형태로 대두되고 있는 온라인 협력학습은 실제적이고 고차원적인 문제해결 능력을 향상시키며 학습의 몰입을 촉진하는 효과적인 방안으로 활발하게 논의되고 있다. 협력학습은 개인학습과 달리 팀을 구성하여 공동의 목적을 설정하고 과제를 수행하면서 산출물을 생성하는 복잡한 절차를 거치게 되며, 성공적인 협력학습을 위해 협력학습과정에서 학습자의 자기주도학습 능력, 그룹간 상호작용, 학습자료의 공유 촉진 전략이 필요하다. 그러나 교수자가 모든 학습자의 협력활동을 모니터하고 문제점에 대해 적극적인 조언자 역할을 수행하기에 어려운 실정이며, 기존의 협력학습지원 도구만으로는 학생들의 협력활동을 촉진시키기에는 제한적이다 따라서 본 연구에서는 온라인 협력학습에서의 상호작용을 모니터하고 촉진하기 위해 협력학습지원 에이전트(ECOLA)를 개발하였다. 협력학습지원 에이전트(ECOLA)는 협력학습모델과 협력학습 촉진전략에 기반한 모니터링 에이전트와 촉진자 에이전트로 구현되었다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2015

국토 공간 활용이 복잡해짐에 따라 항공사진, 항공 라이다, 위성영상 등 국토 공간에 대한 정보를 효율적으로 취득하고 분석하기 위한 이종 데이터간의 변화 탐지 기법의 개발의 필요성이 증대되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 도시 및 주변 지역에 대하여 취득된 이종 데이터간의 변화 탐지를 위해 화소값에 기반하지 않고 에지 정보에 기반한 RECC (Relative Edge Cross Correlation)기법을 제안하였다. 항공 라이다와 고해상도 위성영상인 아리랑 2호 및 3호 영상에 대한 실험을 통해 변화 탐지 결과를 분석하여 RECC를 위한 적정 윈도우 크기 및 임계 계수를 도출하였고, 육안 분석을 통해 획득한 레퍼런스 데이터와의 비교를 통해 약 80%의 정확성을 보임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2021

Objectives: This study examined stunting at birth and its associations with physical factors of parents and children in Indonesia. Methods: This study analyzed secondary data from the national cross-sectional Indonesian Basic Health Survey 2018, conducted across 34 provinces and 514 districts/cities. Birth length data were available for 756 newborns. Univariable, bivariable, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associations between the physical factors of parents and children and stunting at birth. Results: In total, 10.2% of children aged 0 months were stunted at birth (10.7% of males and 9.5% of females). Stunting at birth was associated with the mother's age at first pregnancy, parity, parents' heights, parents' ages, and gestational age. Children from mothers with short statures (height <145.0 cm) and fathers with short statures (height <161.9 cm) had an almost 6 times higher likelihood of being stunted at birth (adjusted odds ratio, 5.93; 95% confidence interval, 5.53 to 6.36). A higher maternal age at first pregnancy had a protective effect against stunting. However, other variables (firstborn child, preterm birth, and both parents' ages being <20 or >35 years) corresponded to a 2-fold higher likelihood of stunting at birth compared to the reference. Conclusions: These findings provide evidence that interventions to reduce stunting aimed at pregnant females should also consider the parents' stature, age, and parity, particularly if it is the first pregnancy and if the parents are short in stature or young. Robust programs to support pregnant females and monitor children's heights from birth will help prevent intergenerational stunting.