• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.47-65
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• 2017

The reference guide for the cost of establishing the digital documents has been used as a basis for establishing the budget for the construction of the knowledge information resource. However, due to the abolition of the nominal unit price notification in terms of IT projects, it is necessary to conduct research to convert the standard of the current labor force grade standard to the national incompetency standard (NCS). In this study, we investigate and revise the system and contents of the current knowledge information cost estimation model. In specific, i) we conducted gap analysis of cost estimation model and existing NCS model. As the contents conforming for the construction of the knowledge information resource were not adoptable, we define the description of the construction of the knowledge information resource and to identify the core elements of NCS prior to the improvement of the cost model. ⅱ) then we proposed improve the cost model considering integration with newly proposed NCS model for knowledge information construction job. In order to ensure the validity of the application of NCS development and cost estimation model, the experts reviewed relevant contents and made plans for improvement by using experts from supply and demand groups of various fields of national knowledge informatization projects.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.1232-1246
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• 2021

Recently, the cattle genome sequence has been completed, followed by developing a commercial single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip panel in the animal genome industry. In order to increase statistical power for detecting quantitative trait locus (QTL), a number of animals should be genotyped. However, a high-density chip for many animals would be increasing the genotyping cost. Therefore, statistical inference of genotype imputation (low-density chip to high-density) will be useful in the animal industry. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the reference population size and marker density on the imputation accuracy and to suggest the appropriate number of reference population sets for the imputation in Hanwoo cattle. A total of 3,821 Hanwoo cattle were divided into reference and validation populations. The reference sets consisted of 50k (38,916) marker data and different population sizes (500, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, and 3,600). The validation sets consisted of four validation sets (Total 889) and the different marker density (5k [5,000], 10k [10,000], and 15k [15,000]). The accuracy of imputation was calculated by direct comparison of the true genotype and the imputed genotype. In conclusion, when the lowest marker density (5k) was used in the validation set, according to the reference population size, the imputation accuracy was 0.793 to 0.929. On the other hand, when the highest marker density (15k), according to the reference population size, the imputation accuracy was 0.904 to 0.967. Moreover, the reference population size should be more than 1,000 to obtain at least 88% imputation accuracy in Hanwoo cattle.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2012

This paper discusses a clearance pricing on daily perishable products considering a reference price of consumers. The daily perishable products are sometimes sold at a discount price before closing time to stimulate demand when the number of unsold products is more than initially envisioned. The discount pricing results both in an increase of the revenue of the day and in a decrease of the disposal cost. The discounting, however, also declines a reference price of consumers which is a mental price and serves as an anchor price to judge if a current sales price is loss or gain for the consumers. An excess discounting decreases the demand for the products sold at a regular price in the future and diminishes long-term profit. This study conducts a mathematical analysis on the clearance pricing problem for a single period with stochastic variations both on demand and on the inventory level at clearance time. The expected profit function especially depends on the response of consumers to the clearing price against their reference prices. A procedure is proposed to derive an optimal clearance price when consumers are loss-neutral. A sufficient condition is shown to obtain an optimal price for loss-averse and loss-seeking consumers by an analogous procedure.

• 우주기술과 응용
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.44-57
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• 2023

상호 호혜적으로 진행되는 심우주 탐사 시장에서 우리나라와 같은 심우주 탐사의 후발주자가 심우주 탐사선진국과 빠르게 보조를 맞추기 위해서는 개발기간과 비용을 줄일 수 있는 표준 심우주 탐사선 모델 도출이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 심우주 탐사선에 요구되는 공통설계를 기반으로 하는 표준 심우주탐사선 기본형, 경량형, 및 확장형에 대한 개념 및 형상을 새롭게 제시하였다. 제시된 형상은 모듈화 설계를 바탕으로 하여 확장성 및 설계/구현 효율성을 높였다. 그리고, 표준 심우주 탐사선의 3가지 형태에 적용 가능한 경량화/확장성을 기반으로 하는 전기시스템 설계에 대해서도 기술하였다.

• 플랜트 저널
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2009

This study presents an operational technique to maximize the profit of a cogeneration power plant under cost-based pool power market. In benefit side energy sale profit, heat sale profit, and supplementary fund profit for electric power industry are included and the changeable cost was considered in cost side. The profit of a cogeneration power plant is varied enormously by the operation conditions, and constraint conditions. The result of this case study can be used as a reference to a cogeneration power plant under the same power trading system.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• 제12A권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2002

This paper presents a new operation scheme of UPFC to minimize both generation costs and active power losses in a normal operation state of power system. In a normal operation, cost minimization is a matter of primary concern among operating objectives. This paper considers two kinds of costs, generation costs and transmission losses. The total generation cost of active powers can be minimized by optimal power flow, and active power losses in the transmission system can be also minimized by power flow control of UPFC incorporated with minimization of generation costs. In order to determine amounts of active power reference of each UPFC required for the cost minimization, an iterative optimization algorithm based on the power flow calculation using the decoupled UPFC model is proposed. For verification of the proposed method, intensive studies have been performed on a 3-unit 6-bus system equipped with a UPFC.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2013

최근외식프랜차이즈 가맹본사수는증가하고 있지만 가맹본사가 성공보다는실패하는 경우가훨씬 많은 것으로 알려져있다. 여러 실패요인들중에하나는가맹본사의 투명하지못한 경영으로인해, 가맹본사와가맹점간의불신이 있다. 대형외식프랜차이즈경우에는이를 해소하기위해서는ERP와같은통합적정보시스템을이용하고있으나, 소형외식프랜차이즈 가맹본사인 경우는 금전적 인적 자원의 부족으로 매출, 발주관리 등의 기초적인 정보를 다루는 POS(Point of Sale)가 연계된 정보시스템을 겨우 운영하는 실정이다. 소형외식프랜차이즈들의 성공적인 운영을 위해서 저비용으로 현재 시점의 경영상황을 파악할 수 있는 원가관리시스템을 구축할 수 있는 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 원가관리가 가능하고, POS시스템 종류에 구애받지 않는 표준화된 데이터참조모델을 제안한다. 이를 통해 서비스의 연계 및 재사용성을 촉진하고 중복개발을 방지할 수 있으며, 가맹본사에서는 가맹점별 원가관리를 분석하여 가맹본사와 가맹점들은 투명한 점포경영 뿐만 아니라 효율적 경영지원이 가능하게 될 것이다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.2430-2434
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• 2005

Automatic FPC punching instrument for the improvement of working condition and cost saving is introduced in this paper. FPC(flexible printed circuit) is used to detect the contact position of K/B and button like a cellular phone. Depending on the quality of the printed ink and position of reference punching point to the FPC, the resistance and current are varied to the malfunctioning values. The size of reference punching point is 2mm and the above. Because the punching operation is done manually, the accuracy of the punching degree is varied with operator's condition. Recently, The punching accuracy has deteriorated severely to the 2mm punching reference hall so that assembly of the K/B has hardly done. To improve this manual punching operation to the FPC, automatic FPC punching system is introduced. Precise mechanical parts like a 5-step stepping motor and ball screw mechanism are designed and tested and low cost PC camera is used for the sake of cost down instead of using high quality vision systems for the FA. 3D Mechanical design tool(Pro/E) is used to manage the exact tolerance circumstances and avoid design failures. Simulation is performed to make the complete vision based punching machine before assembly, and this procedure led to the manufacturing cost saving. As the image processing algorithms, dilation, erosion, and threshold calculation is applied to obtain an exact center position from the FPC print marks. These image processing algorithms made the original images having various noises have clean binary pixels which is easy to calculate the center position of print marks. Moment and Least square method are used to calculate the center position of objects. In this development circumstance, Moment method was superior to the Least square one at the calculation of speed and against noise. Main control panel is programmed by Visual C++ and graphical Active X for the whole management of vision based automatic punching machine. Operating modes like manual, calibration, and automatic mode are added to the main control panel for the compensation of bad FPC print conditions and mechanical tolerance occurring in the case of punch and die reassembly. Test algorithms and programs showed good results to the designed automatic punching system and led to the increase of productivity and huge cost down to law material like FPC by avoiding bad quality.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.124-130
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• 1999

Speed and position sensors require the additional mounting space, reduce the reliability in harsh environments and increase the cost of motor. Various control algorithms have been proposed for the elimination of speed senor. This paper investigates a novel speed sensorless control of induction motor. The proposed control strategy is based on MRAS(Model Reference Adaptive System) using state observer as a reference model for flux estimation. This algorithm may overcome several shortages of conventional MRAS: integrator problems, small EMF at low speed and relatively large sensitivity to resistance variation. The proposed algorithm is verified through simulation and experiment.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.102-109
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• 2000

In this industrial induction motor speed and torque controlled drive system, the closed loop control usually requires the measurement of speed or position of amotor. However a sensorless drive of an induction motor has several advantages ; low cost and mechanical simplicity. Thus this paper investigates a field oriented control method without speed and flux sensors. The proposed control strategy is based on the Model Reference Adaptive System(MRAS) using a new flux estimator which replaces integrators with two lag circuits as the reference model. This algorithm may overcome several shortages of conventional MRAS such as integrator problems, small EMF at low speed. The simulation and experimental results indicate good speed responses.