• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2007

This paper is about a redundancy management system design for the Smart UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle) which utilizes the tilt..rotor mechanism. In order to meet the safety requirement on the PLOC(probability of loss of control) of $1.7{\times}10^{-5}$ per flight hour for FCS (flight control system) failures, a digital FCS is mechanized with a dual redundant structure. A fault detection system which is composed of a CCM(cross channel monitor) and analytic redundancy using the Kalman filtering is designed, and its effectiveness is evaluated through experiments. A threshold level and persistence count for managing redundant sensors are designed based on the statistical analysis of the FCS sensors. To increase the survivability of the UAV after the loss of critical sensors in the SAS(stability augmentation system) and to provide reference information for a tie-breaking condition at which an ILM(in-line monitor) cannot distinguish the faulty channel between two operating ones, the Kalman filter approach is investigated.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.328-333
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• 2013

Since a slight malfunction of control systems in a nuclear power plant may cause huge catastrophes, such control systems usually have multiple redundancy and reliable features, and their reliability and availability should be analyzed and verified thoroughly. This paper performed the reliability analysis of the SPLC (Safety Programmable Logic Controller) that is under developed as the control systems for the next generation nuclear power plant. One of the key features of SPLC is that it has multiple redundancy modes as faults happen, which means the reliability analysis for one fixed redundant model is not enough to analyze the reliability of SPLC. With considering this reconfigurable concept, FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) was used to capture fault-relationship among sub-modules. The analysis results show that MTTF (Mean Time to Fault) of SPLC is 45,080 hours, which is a about 4.5 times longer than the regulation, 10,000 hours.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2015

This study aimed to identify the development pattern of final stop consonant perception using the gating task. Sixty-four subjects participated in the study: 16 children aged 4 years, 16 children aged 5 years, 17 children aged 6 years, and 15 adults. One-syllable words with consonant-vowel-consonant(CVC) structure, mokㄱ-motㄱ and papㄱ-patㄱ were used as stimuli in order to remove the redundancy of acoustic cues in stimulus words, 40ms-length (-40ms) and 60ms-length (-60ms) from the entire duration of the final consonant were deleted. Three conditions (the whole word segment, -40ms, -60ms) were used for this speech perception experiment. 48 tokens (4 stimuli ${\times}3$ conditions ${\times}4$ trials) in total were provided for participants. The results indicated that 5 and 6 year olds showed final consonant perception similar to adults in stimuli, papㄱ-patㄱ and only the 6-year-old children showed perception similar to adults in stimuli, 'mokㄱ-motㄱ. The results suggested that younger typically developing children require more acoustic information to accurately perceive final consonants than older children and adults. Final consonant perception ability may become adult-like around 6 years old. The study provides fundamental data on the development pattern of speech perception in normal developing children, which can be used to compare to those of children with communication disorders.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2020

For the important safety system, two or more units of identical equipment or redundant components with similar function were installed to prevent abnormal failure. If the failure probability of such equipment is independent, this redundancy could increase the system safety remarkably. However, if the failure of each component is highly correlated by installing in a structure or experiencing an earthquake event, the expected redundancy effect will decrease. Therefore, the seismic correlation of the equipment should be evaluated quantitatively for the seismic probabilistic safety assessment. The correlation effect can be explained in the procedure of constructing fragility curves. In this study, several methodologies to quantify the seismic correlation in the failure probability calculation for multiple components were reviewed and two possible ways considering the realistic situation were selected. Simple examples were tested to check the applicability of these methods. The conversion method between these two methods was suggested to render the evaluation using the advantages of each method possible.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2016

오디오 믹서(audio mixer)는 다수의 오디오 신호의 믹싱을 수행하는 전자장치이다, DSP기술과 IT기술의 발전으로 다양한 기능과 확장성을 가진 디지털 믹서가 시장에 보급되고 있다. 그러나 디지털믹서는 제어를 SW를 통해 수행하기 때문에 디지털 오류 또는 소프트웨어 오류에 대해 기존 아날로그 믹서에 비해 안정성에서 매우 취약하다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점에 대응하기 위해 다채널 디지털 아날로그 하이브리드 믹서 구조와 디지털믹서 기능 고장감지 메커니즘과 고장절체 기술을 제안하고 디지털-아날로그 이중화 구조를 가진 오디오 믹서를 개발하였다. 실험결과 전원상실을 제외한 디지털 믹서의 고장을 120ms내에 감지하고 자동으로 아날로그 믹서 모드로 전환하여 믹서 기능 상실 없이 끊임없는 방송 기능을 제공하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2010

인터넷 기술이 발달함에 따라 보다 많은 사용자들에 의해 다양한 콘텐츠의 수요가 발생하고 있다. 하지만 기존의 콘텐츠 서비스 구조에서는 이러한 수요를 충분히 충당 할 수 없다. 따라서 Web 2.0의 개념을 기반으로 UCC라는 새로운 콘텐츠 유형이 생겨났다. 멀티미디어 UCC제작을 위해서는 사용자 중심의 손쉽게 활용 가능한 콘텐츠 저작 도구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 현존하는 ActiveX기반 콘텐츠 저작 도구와 로컬 응용 어플리케이션 기반의 편집도구의 문제점을 분석하고, 이를 해결한 새로운 저작 시스템을 설계 구현하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제6권7호
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• pp.568-577
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• 2000

In this paper for an object grasped by a robot hand to work in stiffness control domain we first investigate the number of fingers for successful stiffness modulation in the object operational space. Next we propose a new compliance control method for robot hands which consist of two steps. RIFDS(Resolved Inter-Finger Decoupling Solver) is to decompose the desired compliance characteristic specified in the op-erational space into the compliance characteristic in the fingertip space without inter-finger coupling and RIJDS(Resolved Inter-Joint Decoupling Solver) is to decompose the fingertip space without inter-finger coupling and RIJDS(Resolved inter-Joint Decoupling Solver) is to decompose the compliance characteristic in the finger-tip space into the compliance characteristic given in the joint space without inter-joint coupling. Based on the analysis results the finger structure should be biominetic in the sense that either kniematic redundancy or force redundancy are required to implement the proposed compliance control scheme, Five-bar fingered robot hands are used as an illustrative example to implement the proposed compliance control method. To show the effectiveness of the proposed compliance control method simulations are performed for two-fingered and three-fingered robot hands.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2017

A top priority in the design of underwater vehicle is to guarantee the dependability of the electric system because failure of the electrical power supply system is directly related to the life of the passengers. In this paper, we present four kinds of alternative designs to improve reliability of electrical system in underwater vehicle. To reduce the risk and to increase availability of the electrical system, we use the redundancy of the grid structure and power converter. For all design alternatives, we carry out Fault Tree Analysis. Based on the FTA result, we implement RAM simulation to compare the risk and availability for the proposed design alternatives.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.564-574
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• 2022

Microbial diversity in the soil is responsive to changes in soil composition. However, the impact of soil amendments on the diversity and structure of rare and abundant sub-communities in agricultural systems is poorly understood. We investigated the effects of different Chinese herb residue (CHR) soil amendments and cropping systems on bacterial rare and abundant sub-communities. Our results showed that the bacterial diversity and structure of these sub-communities in soil had a specific distribution under the application of different soil amendments. The CHR soil amendments with high nitrogen and organic matter additives significantly increased the relative abundance and stability of rare taxa, which increased the structural and functional redundancy of soil bacterial communities. Rare and abundant sub-communities also showed different preferences in terms of bacterial community composition, as the former was enriched with Bacteroidetes while the latter had more Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria. All applications of soil amendments significantly improved soil quality of newly created farmlands in whole maize cropping system. Rare sub-communitiy genera Niastella and Ohtaekwangia were enriched during the maize cropping process, and Nitrososphaera was enriched under the application of simple amendment group soil. Thus, Chinese medicine residue soil amendments with appropriate additives could affect soil rare and abundant sub-communities and enhance physicochemical properties. These findings suggest that applying soil composite amendments based on CHR in the field could improve soil microbial diversity, microbial redundancy, and soil fertility for sustainable agriculture on the Loess Plateau.

• 전자공학회논문지D
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• 제34D권8호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1997

In ahigh power amplifier design, power combiner/divider is used to connect low power amplifiers in parallel. The raidal structure of the powe combiner/divider has not only a good characteristics of port-to-port isolation but also an advantage of giving a redundancy to the structure itself by using RF switches. The parastics of a power resistor, that would be a problem in design process, are removed by both slot lines and cavity resonators, and the comon node in the circuit is rdesigned as a planar topology, and thus a new type of 4-way radial power combiner/divider is accomplished at 1840 ~ 1870 MH PCS frequency band. The insertion loss, reflection, and isolation characteristics of 40way radial power combiner/divider which can be adaptable to PCS system in this thesis are -0.3dB, -24dB,a dn -27dB respectively.